=Senator GILLETTE. Did that say Balkan? Senator TAFT. Baltic.

Senator GILLETTE. That is very serious.

Senator FULBRIGHT. I would say that from a propaganda point f view it is not good.

Senator TAFT. If you leave all of them out you confine it solely to eligion, and you might just make it an antireligious attack. But if you are going to make it against minority groups of all kinds, then think we should include the Poles and Ukrainians and maybe >thers.

Senator FULBRIGHT. That is a matter we ought to give serious hought to.

Senator FERGUSON. It seems to me it is difficult to have it as a religious group.

Senator TAFT. It seems to me the resolution should request the Department of State to bring it to the attention of the General Assembly, which it says anyway. Why can't we have another paragraph?

Senator HUMPHREY. You could have two resolves on there, one on the basis of peoples and the other one on the bases of religious faiths. I mean you could take one block and put in there peoples like the Poles and the Czechs and, particularly, the Ukrainians and Baltic peoples, and then move into the religious aspect as the final conclusion, because that is the most contemporaneous.

Senator TAFT. I think if the committee approves the general idea, we can get Thruston Morton up here and make such changes that are necessary, and report it back.

Senator KNOWLAND. I think, Mr. Chairman, there is considerable merit in maybe covering both phases of it.

Senator TAFT. Yes.

Senator KNOWLAND. Including the distribution of the Baltic peoples, the Poles, and Czechs and others, and the Ukrainians. Senator FULBRIGHT. It is a powerful document if we put them all in there.

Senator KNOWLAND. And then wind up with this suggestion that this matter be taken up with the United Nations. I think it would give us a pretty good resolution, and getting a vote in the Senate would be helpful.

GIVE THE JEWISH CASE SOME PRIORITY

Senator TAFT. Maybe there is some way in which you could say, "Whereas this matter has been brought to the attention of the world by the Jewish thing"-this rather puts the Jews way down at the end somewhere. I think they feel they are just a tail to the dog. I think that you might, without specializing, say something at the beginning about, "Whereas this has been brought to our attention"

Senator HUMPHREY. Possibly something like, "Again the pattern of history repeats itself," and add at the end that it is brought to our attention by the most recent attacks

Senator TAFT. Most recent persecution of the Jews at the tail end.

WE ARE TREADING DELICATE GROUND

Senator GILLETTE. Mr. Chairman, I am very much in favor of the approach that they are suggesting here, a more comprehensive ap proach to this question. But we are treading on very delicate ground. and if it is to have any propaganda or psychological value it has to be carefully drafted to have the maximum value, and inasmuch as this discussion shows that there is a difference of opinion, and the other two related resolutions have been referred to Senator Taft's subcommittee, I suggest-I do not move but I suggest that this suggested resolution that has been sent up be also forwarded to the subcommittee, and let them work out à proposal that meets the problem, in their opinion, for presentation.

The CHAIRMAN. I rather think that course is a very valid sugges

tion.

SUBCOMMITTEE ACTION

The thought, as I understood it from Senator Taft, was that he did want to get the suggestions of those here so that suggestions would be of some aid to the subcommittee. The subcommittee will have all of these matters. I do not think there has been a report today on it.

What I think you have got to do is really whip it into some shape and have it ready for discussion here at your earliest convenience. Senator TAFT. That is right. We could meet this afternoon, could we, if I got hold of Morton, at some time?

Senator GILLETTE. There is another meeting called for this afternoon, a subcommittee of this committee.

Senator FULBRIGHT. That is tomorrow.

The CHAIRMAN. Well, you can hold a subcommittee meeting here if it is your desire.

Senator TAFT. Yes. I will get hold of Morton and see if he can come up this afternoon.

Senator FERGUSON. I think we ought to get it as soon as possible. The CHAIRMAN. All the members of the subcommittee are here. Are you agreeable that you will meet at 2 o'clock this afteroon! Senator KNOWLAND. Two o'clock would not be convenient for re I could meet from 3 or 3:30 on all right.

Senator GILLETTE. Make it 3 o'clock.

Senator KNOWLAND. Three o'clock.

Senator FULBRIGHT. Mr. Chairman, I cannot be here; I have to leave, but I am very much in accord with the general approach here. Here is one letter I will give to the chairman which, I think. is definitely on the right track. I would not have any hesitancy in going along with that program; but I, unfortunately, have to leave town Senator TAFT. I will communicate with you.

Senator FULBRIGHT. I do not think you ought to hold it up on that account.

The CHAIRMAN. You will arrange with Morton for that subcon3mittee meeting this afternoon, is that it, or do you want Mr. Wilcox to get Morton for you?

Senator TAFT. I will call Morton up.

The CHAIRMAN. There is one suggestion here. You have got "most ecently, the persecution of Jewish people." That has been the situaion for a long time. That is a question there as to whether "most ecently" is sufficient. I just make that suggestion.

This matter will then go to the subcommittee, and once you get he matter in shape―

OTHER SUGGESTIONS

Senator HICKENLOOPER. I might suggest that you have got 400 nillion Moslems, too, and we do not want to brush them off. Senator FULBRIGHT. That is right.

Senator TAFT. He mentions that.

Senator GILLETTE. That shows the seriousness of the problem.
The CHAIRMAN. If you get it in shape, I can call a meeting for

tomorrow.

Senator TAFT. All right, we will try to do it for tomorrow.

Senator HUMPHREY. It seems to me that if you can give each one a line and not bunch them all together that is better. Oftentimes the sheer physical outline of the paragraph in the resolution is too much. It would be better if it covered all that needs to be covered, and not more than that.

The CHAIRMAN. I suggest that if there are any other suggestions to the committee to be made and anybody who would like to sit in with this subcommittee, why, I am sure that Senator Taft will welcome you.

ARE WE DRIVING THE ARABS INTO RUSSIA'S ARMS?

Senator GEORGE. Blaming everything on the Russians-is that all this committee has got to do is to make resolutions against Russia all the time day after day, hour after hour? I just raise the question of whether or not you are driving the whole Arab world into the arms of Russia, if you do not mind my making the suggestion.

Senator TAFT. Well, that is what the State Department thinks they are avoiding.

Senator FULBRIGHT. That is what we are trying to avoid doing that with this, and that is what the State Department thinks.

Senator GEORGE. Well, until we are ready to do something, it strikes me we talk a lot; I just throw that out. There may be no wisdom in it, but it seems to me there is some wisdom somewhere in the idea.

Senator FULBRIGHT. You are raising the question of whether there should be any at all, and not any difference between these two.

Senator GEORGE. Well, I am raising the question as to whether it is advisable to be "resoluting" all the time about Russia. Of course, we know what Russia is. If we have not made plain already our attitude about Russia, it is pretty difficult to do it now.

[The committee next discussed a letter from the President to the Speaker and the Vice President enclosing a proposed draft of a resolution relating to captive peoples. Consideration was given to the possibility of hearing Secretary of State Dulles on the matter on February 25. The committee then adjourned at 12:30 p.m.]

PERSECUTION OF MINORITIES IN THE SOVIET UNIONContinued '; DISCLOSURE OF RESTRICTED INFORMATION

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1953

UNITED STATES SENATE,
COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS,

Washington, D.C.

The committee met, pursuant to recess, at 11:15 a.m., in the Foreign Relations Committee room, U.S. Capitol Building, Senator Alexander Wiley (chairman) presiding.

Present: Senators Wiley (chairman), Smith of New Jersey, HickenLooper, Tobey, Taft, Ferguson, Knowland, George, Green, Sparkman, Gillette, Humphrey, and Mansfield.

Also present: Dr. Wilcox, Dr. Kalijarvi, Mr. Marcy, Mr. Holt, Mr. O'Day, and Mr. Cahn, of the committee staff.

The CHAIRMAN. We have a quorum here, gentlemen.

The subcommittee met-Senator Taft being the chairman—and you have in front of you a resolution which was worked out with Mr. Morton.2

I would like to have you read it and see how it strikes you.

I am informed that Senator Taft will be here shortly, but in the meanwhile you might be perusing this resolution.

I might say at this time that Senator Gillette was there, and lent his perspicacity to the solution of the problem.

On the second page of this resolution, I wish to say that Dr. Wilcox thinks that this committee should state "resolved further that the President is hereby urged" instead of "we urge the President to take appropriate action."

Here is the chairman of the subcommittee to give us his profound conclusion in this matter.

WHAT GROUPS SHOULD BE INCLUDED?

Have you any suggestions or changes? We did feel that it was important that everyone be included because there are purges against all sorts of groups, minorities of every kind, religious and otherwise. We thought of putting in, you see, the persecution of Greek Orthodox congregations, the imprisonment of Roman Catholic prelates, the harassment of Protestant denominations, the suppression of Moslem

1 See notes, p. 145.

Thruston Morton, Assistant Secretary of State for Congressional Relations.