MINUTES MONDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1953 UNITED STATES SENATE, Washington, D.C. The committee met in executive session at 10 a.m. in the committee room. Present: Chairman Wiley, Senators Smith, Hickenlooper, Tobey, Taft, Langer, Ferguson, Knowland, George, Green, Fulbright, Sparkman, Gillette and Mansfield. The committee considered the nomination of Dr. James B. Conant as U.S. High Commissioner for Germany. Dr. Conant was present. Also present: Thruston B. Morton, Assistant Secretary of State and Horace B. Smith, also of the Department. John T. Flynn, author and journalist, testified. AFTERNOON SESSION The committee resumed its executive meeting at 3 pm. Present: Chairman Wiley, Senator Smith, Hickenlooper, Tobey, Ferguson, Knowland, Langer, Green, Sparkman, Gillette and Mans field. The committee heard Mr. Joseph M. Dawson, Executive Director. Baptist Joint Committee on Public Affairs, and Mrs. Beatrice Brown, Chairman, The Women's Committee for Clean Government. For record of proceedings, see printed hearing. The committee recessed at 3:55 p.m. to meet again on Tuesday February 3 at 10 a.m. when Dr. Conant will testify. MINUTES TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1953 UNITED STATES SENATE, Washington, D.C. The committee met in executive session at 10 a m. Present: Chairman Wiley, Senators Smith, Hickenlooper, Tobey, Ferguson, Knowland, George, Green, Fulbright, Sparkman, Gillette and Mansfield. Also Present: Senators Saltonstall and Dworshak. Dr. James B. Conant, nominated as U.S. High Commissioner to Germany, testified. He was introduced by Senator Saltonstall. Senator Taft suggested at the conclusion of the testimony of Dr. Conant that the printed record of the hearings be available by Friday, February 6. In connection with the nomination of General Walter B. Smith, to be Under Secretary of State, the Chairman announced that when he appears before the committee the General will bring with him the Loyalty Board files. The Chairman further announced that the files of the Senate Judiciary Committee will be available to a subcommittee of the Foreign Relations Committee, composed of Senators Ferguson, Hickenlooper, and Gillette. For record of proceedings, see printed hearing. The committee recessed at 12 o'clock noon, to meet again at 3 p.m. the same day. AFTERNOON MEETING The committee met in executive session at 3 p.m. Present: Chairman Wiley, Senators Smith, Hickenlooper, Tobey, Taft, Ferguson, Knowland, Sparkman, Gillette, Humphrey, and Mansfield. The Conant nomination was discussed further but a vote was deferred. For record of proceedings, see official transcript. The committee recessed at 3:45 p.m. (63) MINUTES WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1953 UNITED STATES SENATE, The committee met in executive session at 10 a.m. Washington, D.C. Present: Chairman Wiley, Senators Smith, Hickenlooper, Tober, Taft, Langer, Ferguson, Knowland, George, Green, Fulbright, Sparkman, Gillette, Humphrey, and Mansfield. The committee heard General Walter B. Smith, whose nomination as Under Secretary of State, is pending. For record of proceedings, see printed hearing. The committee recessed at 12 o'clock noon, to meet again at 3 p.m. the same day. AFTERNOON MEETING The committee met at 3 p.m. to consider further the nomination of General Walter B. Smith, as Under Secretary of State. Present: Chairman Wiley, Senators Smith, Hickenlooper, Taft. Ferguson, Knowland, George, Green, Fulbright, Sparkman, Gillette. Humphrey, and Mansfield. General Smith concluded his testimony and replied to a number of questions of members of the committee. The committee ordered reported the nomination of General Smit by a vote of 15 to 0, Senators Tobey and Langer voting by proxy. The committee ordered reported the nomination of James B. Conant as U.S. High Commissioner to Germany by a vote of 15 te 0, Senators Tobey and Langer voting by proxy. For record of proceedings, see printed hearing. The committee adjourned at 4:45 p.m. LOYALTY-SECURITY PROBLEMS IN THE THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1953 UNITED STATES SENATE, COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, Washington, D.C. The committee met, pursuant to call, at 3:10 p.m., in the Foreign Relations Committee room, U.S. Capitol, Senator Alexander Wiley (chairman), presiding. Present: Senators Wiley, Smith of New Jersey, Hickenlooper, Tobey, Taft, Langer, Ferguson, Knowland, Sparkman, Humphrey, and Mansfield. Also present: Dr. Wilcox, Dr. Kalijarvi, Mr. Marcy, Mr. Holt, Mr. O'Day, and Mr. Cahn, of the committee staff. THE OVERALL LOYALTY-SECURITY PROBLEM AT STATE The CHAIRMAN. Gentlemen, I am going to call the meeting to order, and I am going to read a statement and you will see what this meeting is about. I have called this meeting for the purpose of securing testimony from Mr. Carlisle H. Humelsine, Deputy Under Secretary of State. Our subject is the overall loyalty-security problem in the State Department. I have felt that the Senate Foreign Relations Committee would benefit from securing a comprehensive picture of this problem. Certainly, there is no committee in the Congress which has a more basic jurisdiction than ours for the effective functioning of the State Department. It is my feeling that after Mr. Humelsine has presented his comments, we will probably turn over further exploration of this subject to various subcommittees of this committee: For example, to the Subcommittee on Security Affairs, of which I an chairman. To Senator Ferguson's Subcommittee on State Department Organization. And, as regards those phases which deal with the International Information Administration, to Senator Hickenlooper's Subcommittee on the "Voice of America." I would like to set forth a word of background on this session today. Ever since the start of this Congress, I have directed a series of confidential inquiries to Mr. Humelsine, to Mr. Hickerson-As sistant Secretary for United Nations Affairs-and to various other governmental officials in which I have requested certain information on the security and loyalty problem. I did so because I am concerned, as Secretary Dulles is, about cleaning up this problem and raising the prestige of the Department in the eyes of our people, so it can become a more effective instrument to accomplish the constitutional purpose of that very Department. I have discussed these various requests with Mr. Humelsine. Moreover, I have directed the counsel for this committee to follow up on these requests. On the basis of various talks which we have had, I have come to feel that my requests were merely getting at the information piecemeal. I came to feel that what was needed was a comprehensive approach, such as I believe we will get today. EIGHT PARTICULAR CATEGORIES OF INFORMATION Last night, therefore, I conveyed a formal request to Mr. Humelsine. It was delivered by messenger to him. In it, I asked for detailed information on eight particular categories. Those eight areas are as follows: One: The nature of the loyalty-security problem. Two: The size of the problem-statistics involved-how many applicants are turned down, how many violators are fired. Three: Lessons which have been learned in coping with the prob lem-mistakes made which should be avoided in the future. Four: The loyalty problem-involving tracking down of subversives. Five: The security problem-including the problem of morals offenses, that is homosexuals, as well as other types of security riskalcoholics, blabbermouths, et cetera. Six: The problem of physical security-of wire-tapping, of hidden recording devices in rooms. Seven: The problem as regards allied diplomatic personnel-from friendly nations-their loyalty and security. Eight: Finally, and most important, recommendations for improved coping with this overall problem. This is, of course, a big order, and I have been anxious to get under way on it. I should like to point out that it is not my intention that the Senate Foreign Relations Committee infringe in any way on the jurisdiction of any other committee of the Senate or House. It is quite clear that our committee does not have the time nor the staff resources, nor money, nor the intention, of attempting a very detailed review of a wide variety of individual loyalty-security cases. However, the 15 members of this particular committee are the Senators most responsible for policies-I repeat, policies-in this field. That is why I have scheduled this meeting today-to review policies. I am hoping that we will permit Mr. Humelsine to present the |