solution1 of a number of years ago which, in a sense, implied that e would contribute the savings we could make from armaments to od works. We felt it was unwise to put in commitments ahead of me. It was felt that a resolution of this sort would be desirable w, especially as we are about to pass our MSA bill. We have met this and I think it is in good form.

I submit this with a favorable report from the subcommittee, Mr. airman, and move that it be reported to the calendar.

The CHAIRMAN. Any comments?

Senator HUMPHREY. I have talked with some people about this, as know, and I am sure they have talked with you, too, folks who very interested in this resolution. I had a couple of comments ut it which I would like to get discussed a moment.

The CHAIRMAN. May I interrupt and say that at the subcommittee eting we had Flanders and Jackson present and they seemed to be e agreeable to this, what you might call, compromise. The result a meeting of minds along the lines that Alex said, as suggested he Secretary.

s to the other resolutions, some of the language in them was of à character that it might be misunderstood at this time and ht be provocative to take certain action that wouldn't be very ful. So Alex went up and saw the Secretary and he practically nitted this for him with the exceptions of the modifications that made with Jackson and Flanders present.

WHAT ABOUT THE CONCEPT OF INTERNATIONAL INSPECTION?

nator HUMPHREY. What about the concept of international inion? Let's be frank about this. If we want to put out a pious ution saying we are for love and hope and peace, we do not get her on that and put the Congress to the expense of printing a resolution. This country has been the one in the U.N. that alked about enforceable control over armaments and weapons of destruction and for international inspection that is foolproof. real truth is we went through this business back in the 1920's we piously proclaimed our love of mankind and peace, but we do anything about it. We gave ourselves a bath of conscience sing, and that was about all.

own feeling is that the State Department is as timid as a dead about everything. Every time there has been a popular prothat has shaken the world a little bit, it has had to come from ople or Congress. They are inherently, by their training, timid, do not think that timidity is going to get us very far. I do not e should go off the deep end, but there are things that make deep impressions upon people. The time that we have made the

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ably a reference to S. Con. Res. 11, which passed the Congress on June 26, 1951. the the McMahon resolution affirmed as congressional policy expressed exert maximum efforts to obtain agreements to provide the ned forces as contemplated in the Charter and agreements to of weapons of mass destruction and universal regulation and Including armed forces, under adequate safeguards to protect violation and evasion." The resolution also noted that the only with reluctance and would prefer to devote [their]

presentation about international inspection of armament and control over weapons of mass destruction 1 brought forth something concrete and it did shake the world.

Senator SMITH. Have you read the whole thing?
Senator HUMPHREY. Yes.

Senator HICKENLOOPER. It is still alive and it is still operating, although we have a skeleton group in the U.N., and that group is ready at all times and willing and susceptible to the renewal of those negotiations which went on for over 2 years. I think that was fairly vigorously pushed. General Osborn headed that for a couple of years until he eventually left when the Russians practically walked out on it. They couldn't get any place. It is still being held affirmatively, so that instead of having nothing, we have that affirmative declaration which is still alive there.

I agree with you that this is certainly just a pious declaration that we are against sin, which we renew every Sunday when we go to church, but I see no particular harm in renewing our expression of faith.

THE PRINCIPLES OF DISARMAMENT NEED PERIODIC REASSERTION

Senator SMITH. In each new Congress I think we should have some expression reasserting the principles of disarmament. The Flanders resolution was longer than this. He was pleased at this. He said he would rather get progress and get something passed than put something up that we couldn't get passed. Also they all agree, and the President agreed, that right now, when we are trying to get our whole solidified collective security program together, a lot of hearings with fanfare and people rushing in here from 100 different organizations wanting to appear might be unwise psychologically.

So I throw that into the picture. He seemed to feel this would be a better approach. We do not omit it. This meets the Flanders request for a reiteration by the Congress of the principles we stand for in regard to the enforcement of the limitation of armaments and it goes on, according to the principles set out in the President's address of April 16, 1953, so it brings in those ideas.

Senator HICKENLOOPER. It is on the surplus side. I think there is a danger until there is a better posture or a better willingness on the part of nations to sit down and A, B, C, this thing and try to find out what we do that we do not specify from year to year, that we do this and that, and we will get ourselves unilaterally committed on s lot of things if and when the proper climate may be created. In the meanwhile, we keep ourselves constantly on record, and I think it is a plus on that score.

WE NEED SOMETHING MORE CONCRETE

Senator HUMPHREY. I don't dispute that. I do not want my reYork to be construed that we shouldn't do this. From a psychologi fiew, if the Government of the United States only does

to the "Baruch plan," presented to the U.N. Atomie Energy mission.

at which everybody thinks it ought to do, that is not news. It is hot news to be a good boy. It is news to be an extra good boy or a ad boy. You do not get a reputation for being an advocate of conomy in the Congress if you just vote for such economies as the est of the people vote for. You get that reputation by voting for conomies that the others do not vote for.

If we are going to get any psychological value out of this, we have > come forward with a more concrete proposal than just to say that hich we would be expected to say in the most moderate sense. I can see one saving clause here, if you go back to the President's essage. By that reference, the President was pretty specific. The President's message

Senator SMITH. Have you read the whereases, too, because we were ery careful to bring in what we are doing now and then we can nove into the next work which is the reduction of the burden of irmaments now laying upon the world. The whole thing was very arefully prepared and in the whereases you get the sequence of hinking and not have competition between disarmament and the national security.

Senator HICKENLOOPER. You could strengthen the whereases a little bit by some such phrase as this. This is not the exact language. You could strengthen it by pointing out that we have continually and zealously been in this position, that we are reiterating it and keeping it alive rather than something new.

be

Senator HUMPHREY. I merely am fulfilling what I consider to

The CHAIRMAN. I wish you had listened to Jackson who was proponent of the original resolution in which I joined. He is quite a dynamic young fellow. I didn't know him until he came here. He said the very purpose of this is, of course, propaganda. We all recognize that Russia isn't going to agree for us to go in and inspect.

The danger that I get from the letters that come to me is that there has been a lot of propaganda for the resolution introduced by Flanders to the point where people almost think it is a mechanism. for the millennium.

Senator MANSFIELD. Like the Bricker amendment.

The CHAIRMAN. Yes. Young people and old people, when I have seen them while I have been away from here, have resolved so that you think here is a mechanism that will bring about the new day that we are looking for. That is the danger.

Senator HUMPHREY. There is a great yearning in the hearts of people, and I think Senator Jackson is emimently correct when he said, regardless of what resolution we adopt, it doesn't mean it will be accepted, but all the more important is that what resolution you do adopt be something that, if it were adopted, would at least give some concrete results.

Senator Hickenlooper is right. We have been on the line here on this reference of international inspection and foolproof inspection as far as we can make it. The Soviet turned us down. This was one of the strong forces psychologically in our hands around the world.

Senator HICKENLOOPER. The gate is still open. It was not completely closed. It has been in abeyance.

Senator HUMPHREY. It is like the rule of politics. What have you done for me lately? If you do not reiterate this, people very soc forget, because of the impact of war. They have forgotten that in the U.N. we once made a great and positive proposal.

Senator TOBEY. We made it before the U.N. was dreamed of, in the days of Charles Evans Hughes.

Senator HUMPHREY. Yes.

Senator SMITH. We tried it right along. We tried in Kellogg's time.

A MOTION TO REPORT IS CARRIED

Senator TOBEY. I move we report it favorably to the calendar. The CHAIRMAN. Is there any second?

Senator MANSFIELD. I will second it.

The CHAIRMAN. All in favor signify by raising the right hand. Unanimously carried.

Senator Langer gave me his proxy before he walked out.

Dr. WILCOX. I talked to the House people informally about this There is some question as to whether the House will take action on it even if the Senate does. I think the committee should decide whether it should be a Senate resolution or a Senate concurrent resolution, in which the House might join.

The CHAIRMAN. This is really our own baby. I think we should make it a Senate resolution.

Senator HICKENLOOPER. You want to consider the psychological situation. It wouldn't be good if we adopted it and then the House kicked it out.

Senator HUMPHREY. I think you are right.

Dr. WILCOX. The others were concurrent resolutions, so the staff. in preparing this listed it as a concurrent resolution.

The CHAIRMAN. Report it out as a Senate resolution. That requires only Senate action.

Dr. WILCOX. That requires only Senate action.

The CHAIRMAN. Your report will go out that way.

I guess there is nothing else.

[Whereupon, at 4:20 p.m., the committee adjourned.]

MINUTES

MONDAY, JULY 27, 1953

UNITED STATES SENATE,

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS,

Washington, D.C.

The committee met in executive session at 10:30 a.m. in the committee room.

Present: Chairman Wiley, Senators Hickenlooper, Green, Fulright, Sparkman, Gillette and Mansfield.

The chairman first discussed the death of Senator Tobey on Friday, July 24. It was decided that the members of the committee send an ppropriate floral piece to the funeral. A letter was authorized to e written to Mrs. Tobey, containing the text of a resolution passed by the committee.

The following nominations were considered and ordered reported without objection: Avra M. Warren of Maryland, to be Ambassador to Turkey; Ellis O. Briggs of Maine, to be Ambassador to the Republic of Korea, to which office he was appointed during the last recess of the Senate; Raymond A. Hare, of Iowa, to be Ambassador to Lebanon; Cavendish W. Cannon of Utah, to be Ambassador to Greece.

The committee then discussed the question of committee travel during the adjournment of Congress. A motion made by Senator Sparkman was approved, authorizing the chairman to permit such travel and to have the expenses for same paid out of the committee funds.

S. 2237, relating to Danish ship claims, was discussed. It was agreed to defer action on the legislation.

The same action was taken with respect to the North Atlantic Regional Broadcasting Agreement.

S.J. Res. 12, relating to the Passamaquody power project, was also passed over.

The chairman called attention to the resignation of Thorsten V. Kalijarvi, a member of the professional staff of the committee and obtained permission for appointment of someone to take his place. The proposed portrait of former Senator Connally was discussed. It was agreed to defer any final action on the matter.

For record of proceedings, see official transcript.

The committee adjourned at 11:55 a.m.