efficiency is now fully installed, differing from the old practice by showing the actual cost of the various activities by expenditures of money and property rather than by cash disbursement alone.

11. At several of the large reservations extensive sales of timber have been made at advantageous prices, and at the Menominee Indian Mill, where 17,000,000 feet of lumber was manufactured under Government management, Indians earned more than $80,000 in wages during the year.

12. In addition to irrigation projects practically completed during the year that will yield some 230,000 acres for cultivation, important underground developments for stock-watering purposes have been made in the arid Southwest. Wells and springs thus provided are proving of great value to the Navajo Indians and the Papagos in southern Arizona.

13. There were sold at public auction leases covering scattering tracts of Osage oil lands aggregating 9,120 acres, which were being drained by wells on adjacent property to the depletion of their mineral value, for which was received a bonus consideration of $1,997,600 and royalties of 163 per cent and 20 per cent, depending upon the size of tracts and daily production. The Osage reservation at the close of the year had wells producing 9,943,919.45 barrels, of which the Osage Tribe received as royalty 1,643,223.68 barrels, and total receipts from oil and gas leases for the year approximating $5,000,000.

14. In the Five Civilized Tribes were purchased for Indian homes more than 2,000 acres of land costing over $52,000, and erected 180 home buildings; sold nearly 500,000 acres of tribal and allotted land for over $2,000,000; disbursed $7,429,066.10 in per capita payments; removed restrictions against alienation from 155,428 acres of land; collected $4,407,909.62 in royalties for individual Indians; prevented losses to Indians through court proceedings in the sum of $1,514,314, and conserved for them through bank deposits and investments $3,424,226, exclusive of large savings to minors.

15. The bureau shows comparative facts as follows: In 1911 the Indians cultivated 388,025 acres and last year 678,529 acres; in 1911 they raised crops valued at $1,951,000, sold stock valued at $900,000, realized from native industries such as basket making, blanket weaving, etc., $847,556; and last year they raised crops valued at $5,293,719, sold $4,583,083 worth of stock, and increased the value of their native wares to $1,206,826. The Indian wage earners for private individuals in 1911 were 3,204, and last year the number thus engaged increased to 6,902, while the value of all live stock owned by the Indians has risen from $17,971,209 in 1911 to $28,824,439 last year.

18923°-INT 1917-VOL 1-2

THE BUREAU OF PENSIONS.

1. Paid for pensions, $160,895,054.

2. Returned to the Treasury $2,174,856.63 of the amount appro-
priated by Congress for the payment of pensions.

3. Returned to the Treasury $72,004.81 of the sum appropriated
for maintenance and expense of the pension system, including
salaries of special examiners.

4. Reduced the number of employees by 24 persons without the
necessity of dismissing any employee.

5. By the act of April 27, 1916, providing for the Army and Navy
Medal of Honor Roll, a special pension of $10 per month for life, pay-
able quarter yearly, in addition to any other pension under any exist-
ing or subsequent law, was granted to every person over 65 years of
age who was placed on said roll. Under this law there were entered
on the pension roll 351 names. The amount paid in 1917 on account
of this act was $41,582.

6. Under the first section of the act of September 8, 1916, the pen-
sions of 157,248 widows have been increased from $12 to $20 per
month. Under the second and third sections of said act 51,481 claims
have been filed, of which 11,811 were admitted and 5,445 rejected.
In the other claims filed under said act, calls have been made for testi-
mony and the claims are still pending.

7. Under the act of March 4, 1917, known as the Indian War sur-
vivors' act, 6,517 claims had been filed up to June 30, 1917.

8. Up to June 30, 1917, only 11 claims had been filed based on
service in the war of 1917, but they have materially increased at the
time of writing this report.

9. Convictions were obtained in 30 criminal cases of the 31 tried
during the year, because of violations of the pension laws.

THE PATENT OFFICE.

The total number of applications received for patent in 1916 was
70,303, and in 1917, 71,620, an increase of 1,317 over the prior year.
The total number of applications awaiting action on June 30, 1916,
was 16,559, and the number of applications awaiting action on June
30, 1917, was 16,058, a decrease of 501. The total number of patents
granted in 1916, 46,133, and the total number in 1917, 44,179, a de-
crease of 1,954.

The total receipts of the office were $2,317,519.72, and the total ex-
penditures for all purposes were $2,095,138.68, the net surplus of earn-
ings over expenditures being $222,381.04 for the year.

THE BUREAU OF EDUCATION.

1. Collected, tabulated, and summarized returns from 20,759 schools
and school systems throughout the United States.

2. Printed and circulated 422,063 copies of printed bulletins, re-
ports, and other documents, and approximately 1,000,000 copies of
printed circulars and duplicated letters.

3. Carried on extensive correspondence with school officers and
others, mainly in answer to specific questions of educational policy.
In all 137,805 letters were received at the bureau, an increase of more
than 17,000 over the previous year.

4. Made, at the request of State and local school authorities, 16
educational surveys, including: Colorado (administration and sup-
port); Arizona (entire State system); University of Nevada; Elyria,
Ohio; Falls and Walker Counties, Tex.

5. Completed and issued a comprehensive report covering the entire
field of Negro education, following a three-year field study of exist-
ing colored schools.

6. Cooperated with other Government agencies in the task of en-
listing schools and school officers in special war work, such as in-
creased food production and food conservation, and led in the move-
ment for maintaining school attendance during the war.

7. Completed investigations of rural-school supervision and rural-
teacher training in secondary schools.

8. Held three national conferences on rural education, three con-
ferences on industrial training, and two on home economics.

9. Introduced the bureau's plan of home gardening directed by the
schools into 100 cities. Supervised intensive home gardening by the
school in 8 cities in Virginia, North Carolina, and Tennessee.

10. Mantained 68 schools for natives in Alaska with an enrollment
of 3,600.

THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

1. Concentrated its geologic force on investigations of oil fields,
published during the year 10 reports pointing out areas believed to
be favorable for testing with the drill, began the publication of 16
similar reports, and prepared for publication 11 others.

2. Continued the field examination of the oil-shales of Colorado
and Utah as a preparedness measure these constituting the petro-
leum reserves of the Nation.

3. Began the intensive field study of deposits of "war minerals,"
such as manganese, pyrite, platinum, potash, antimony, and chromite.
4. Prepared for the War Department, with the cooperation of
several State surveys, 23 summary reports on underground waters
available for the use of large military camps, and at the request

of the War or Navy Departments made special investigations of local water supply.

5. Mobilized the topographic surveys to meet military needs by adopting early in March a program determined by the General Staff, thus postponing indefinitely the continuation of all topographic work in interior States, except the surveys of cantonment sites.

6. Contributed to the Engineer Officers Reserve Corps 61 topographic engineers, 7 hydrographic engineers, and 1 geologist, with other applications for commissions pending at the close of the fiscal year.

7. Furnished the Council of National Defense with manuscript statements on production, sources of supply, etc., of every minera! product of importance; and to serve the needs of committees under the council began the issue of monthly reports of petroleum production and weekly reports of coal production; and to meet similar needs also prepared for publication a new map of the United States showing the oil and gas fields and pipe lines, and State maps outlining the coal-mining districts.

8. Printed for the War Department 96 editions of maps needed for military use and for the Navy Department 906 editions of charts. 9. Published a bulletin on the use of the panoramic camera in topographic surveying, with a special chapter on the application of photogrammetry to aerial surveys.

10. Continued geologic investigations throughout the United States, examining mineral deposits of all kinds but specializing as stated above.

11. Continued topographic surveys throughout the United States until March, when military surveys only were conducted as a part of the program of national defense.

12. Continued stream gaging at 1,197 stations in the United States, including Alaska and Hawaii.

13. Classified 3,900,000 acres of public lands as to mineral character and 252,000 acres as to their value as power or public water

reserves.

14. Classified 13,133,851 acres in 14 States as nonirrigable for designation, action being thus concluded upon 8,868 petitions from intending entrymen.

15. Cooperated with the General Land Office by reporting on 5,462 cases other than enlarged-homestead petitions.

16. Published 203 scientific and economic reports, aggregating 17,255 printed pages.

17. Distributed to the public 607,526 topographic maps, a notable feature being the 20 per cent increase in sales of both geologic folios and topographic maps.

18. Collected statistics of production for more than 75 mineral products from 92,000 producers and continued in increased volume the special correspondence, bringing producers and purchasers together.

19. Conducted general correspondence with the public, largely in answer to inquiries for technical information, the total number of letters received showing an increase of 7 per cent and the letters sent of 30 per cent over the previous year.

THE RECLAMATION SERVICE.

1. Developed, stored, distributed, and delivered irrigation water to over 1,000,000 acres of arid land in 13 States, or an area larger than the cultivated acreage of either Connecticut or New Hampshire at the census of 1910, and producing crops valued at nearly $35,000,000.

2. Operated irrigation works, including 40 reservoirs, with a total capacity of over 9,000,000 acre-feet; over 10,000 miles of canals, flumes, and tunnels; 81,000 structures, including dams, head gates, weirs, checks, and other irrigation devices.

3. Carried on construction work on 24 irrigation projects and added over 100,000 acres, or 3,000 farms, to the area under Government works for which irrigation water is available.

4. Built 450 miles of canals, 150 miles of drains, 600 bridges, 560 culverts, 57 miles of pipe line, 37 miles of roads, 8,880 canal structures, and excavated 9,468,000 cubic yards of earth and rock.

5. Cooperated with other departments of the Government, with other bureaus of the Interior Department, with State governments, and with numerous local organizations in the furtherance of reclamation work and in the interests of the water users.

6. Aided several State legislatures, through the expert advice of the legal division of the service, in the enactment of irrigation-district laws.

7. Cooperated with 30,000 water users on the reclamation projects, not only in the delivery of water to them for their land but in the furtherance of better living conditions, by means of helpful suggestions wherever possible.

8. Issued the Reclamation Record, a monthly publication of the service, devoted to the interests of the settlers on the project's and containing numerous articles by experts of the service and of other bureaus of the Government and by the water users, dealing with matters especially adapted to the needs of the settlers.

9. Cooperated with the various water users' associations on the projects, chambers of commerce, boards of trade, and railroad and State immigration officials in securing competent settlers, and in so