Japanese drawings, including existing blueprints, prototypes, experimental models and plans;

all war materiel prohibited by Article 13 of the present Treaty; all specialized installations, including research and production equipment, prohibited by Article 13 which are not convertible for authorized research, development or construction.

3. Within six months from the coming into force of the present Treaty Austria shall provide the Governments of the Soviet Union, of the United Kingdom, of the United States of America, and of France with a list of the war materiel and installations enumerated in paragraph 2.

4. Austria shall not manufacture any war materiel of German design. Austria shall not acquire or possess, either publicly or privately, or by any other means, any war materiel of German manufacture, origin or design except that the Austrian Government may utilize for the creation of the Austrian armed forces, restricted quantities of war materiel of German manufacture, origin or design remaining in Austria after the Second World War.

5. A definition and list of war materiel for the purposes of the present Treaty are contained in Annex I.

ARTICLE 15-PREVENTION OF GERMAN REARMAMENT

1. Austria shall co-operate fully with the Allied and Associated Powers in order to ensure that Germany is unable to take steps outside German territory towards rearmament.

2. Austria shall not employ or train in military or civil aviation or in the experimentation, design, production or maintenance of war materiel:

persons who are, or were at any time previous to 13th March, 1938, nationals of Germany;

or Austrian nationals precluded from serving in the Armed Forces under Article 12;

or persons who are not Austrian nationals.

ARTICLE 16-PROHIBITION RELATING TO CIVIL AIRCRAFT OF GERMAN AND JAPANESE DESIGN

Austria shall not acquire or manufacture civil aircraft which are of German or Japanese design or which embody major assemblies of German or Japanese manufacture or design.

ARTICLE 17-DURATION OF LIMITATIONS

Each of the military and air clauses of the present Treaty shall remain in force until modified in whole or in part by agreement between the Allied and Associated Powers and Austria or, after Austria becomes a member of the United Nations, by agreement between the Security Council and Austria.

127. RECOGNITION OF AUSTRIAN NEUTRALITY: AUSTRIAN NOTE OF NOVEMBER 14, 19551

The Ambassador of Austria presents his compliments to the Honorable the Acting Secretary of State and upon instructions of the Austrian Federal Government has the honor to convey the following: On October 26th 1955 the Austrian Parliament has passed the constitutional law concerning the neutrality of Austria. This law has entered into force on November 5, 1955 and has the following wording:

"ARTICLE I

"(1) For the purpose of the lasting maintenance of her independence externally, and for the purpose of the inviolability of her territory, Austria declares of her own free will her perpetual neutrality. Austria will maintain and defend this with all means at her disposal.

"(2) For the securing of this purpose in all future times Austria will not join any military alliances and will not permit the establishment of any foreign military bases on her territory.

"ARTICLE II

"The Federal Government is charged with the execution of this Federal Constitutional Law."

A copy of the authentic text in the German language is enclosed. In bringing this constitutional law to the knowledge of the Government of the United States of America, the Austrian Federal Government has the honor to request that the Government of the United States of America recognize the perpetual neutrality of Austria as defined in the aforementioned law.

128. RECOGNITION OF AUSTRIAN NEUTRALITY: UNITED STATES NOTE OF DECEMBER 6, 1955'

The Secretary of State presents his compliments to His Excellency the Ambassador of Austria and has the honor to acknowledge receipt of the note of the Embassy of Austria dated November 14, 1955, informing him that the Austrian Parliament approved on October 26, 1955, the federal constitutional law relative to the neutrality of Austria, which entered into force November 5, 1955.

The Secretary of State has the honor to inform the Austrian Ambassador, in compliance with the request expressed in the note under acknowledgement, that the Government of the United States has taken cognizance of this constitutional law and recognizes the perpetual neutrality of Austria as defined therein.

! Department of State Bulletin, December 19, 1955, p. 1011. Department of State Bulletin, December 19, 1955, p. 1012.

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Strengthening Western European Defences

129. THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY, APRIL 4, 1949 1

PREAMBLE

The Parties to this Treaty 2 reaffirm their faith in the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and their desire to live in peace with all peoples and all governments.

They are determined to safeguard the freedom, common heritage and civilization of their peoples, founded on the principles of democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law.

They seek to promote stability and well-being in the North Atlantic

area.

They are resolved to unite their efforts for collective defense and for the preservation of peace and security.

They therefore agree to this North Atlantic Treaty:

ARTICLE 1

The Parties undertake, as set forth in the Charter of the United Nations, to settle any international disputes in which they may be involved by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered, and to refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force in any manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations.

ARTICLE 2

The Parties will contribute toward the further development of peaceful and friendly international relations by strengthening their free institutions, by bringing about a better understanding of the principles upon which these institutions are founded, and by promoting conditions of stability and well-being. They will seek to eliminate conflict in their international economic policies and will encourage economic collaboration between any or all of them.

ARTICLE 3

In order more effectively to achieve the objectives of this Treaty. the Parties, separately and jointly, by means of continuous and effective self-help and mutual aid, will maintain and develop their individual and collective capacity to resist armed attack.

ARTICLE 4

The Parties will consult together whenever, in the opinion of any of them, the territorial integrity, political independence or security of any of the Parties is threatened.

ARTICLE 5

The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack

1 Senate Executive L, 81st Cong., 1st Sess.

Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, and United States.

against them all; and consequently they agree that, if such an armed. attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defense recognized by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area.

Any such armed attack and all measures taken as a result thereof shall immediately be reported to the Security Council. Such measures shall be terminated when the Security Council has taken the measures necessary to restore and maintain international peace and security.

ARTICLE 6

For the purpose of Article 5 an armed attack on one or more of the Parties is deemed to include an armed attack on the territory of any of the Parties in Europe or North America, on the Algerian departments of France, on the occupation forces of any Party in Europe, on the islands under the jurisdiction of any Party in the North Atlantic area north of the Tropic of Cancer or on the vessels or aircraft in this area of any of the Parties.

ARTICLE 7

This Treaty does not affect, and shall not be interpreted as affecting, in any way the rights and obligations under the Charter of the Parties which are members of the United Nations, or the primary responsibility of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security.

ARTICLE 8

Each Party declares that none of the international engagements now in force between it and any other of the Parties or any third state is in conflict with the provisions of this Treaty, and undertakes not to enter into any international engagement in conflict with this Treaty.

ARTICLE 9

The Parties hereby establish a council, on which each of them shall be represented, to consider matters concerning the implementation of this Treaty. The council shall be so organized as to be able to meet promptly at any time. The council shall set up such subsidiary bodies as may be necessary; in particular it shall establish immediately a defense committee which shall recommend measures for the implementation of Articles 3 and 5.

ARTICLE 10

The Parties may, by unanimous agreement, invite any other European state in a position to further the principles of this Treaty and to contribute to the security of the North Atlantic area to accede to this Treaty. Any state so invited may become a party to the Treaty by depositing its instrument of accession with the Government of the United States of America. The Government of the United States of America will inform each of the Parties of the deposit of each such instrument of accession.

ARTICLE 11

This Treaty shall be ratified and its provisions carried out by the Parties in accordance with their respective constitutional processes. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited as soon as possible with the Government of the United States of America, which will notify all the other signatories of each deposit. The Treaty shall enter into force between the states which have ratified it as soon as the ratifications of the majority of the signatories, including the ratifications of Belgium, Canada, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States, have been deposited and shall come into effect with respect to other states on the date of the deposit of their ratifications.

ARTICLE 12

After the Treaty has been in force for ten years, or at any time thereafter, the Parties shall, if any of them so requests, consult together for the purpose of reviewing the Treaty, having regard for the factors then effecting peace and security in the North Atlantic area, including the development of universal as well as regional arrangements under the Charter of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security.

ARTICLE 18

After the Treaty has been in force for twenty years, any Party may cease to be a party one year after its notice of denunciation has been given to the Government of the United States of America, which will inform the Governments of the other Parties of the deposit of each notice of denunciation.

ARTICLE 14

This Treaty, of which the English and French texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of the United States of America. Duly certified copies thereof will be transmitted by that Government to the Governments of the other signatories.

[Signatures omitted.]

130. REMOVAL OF CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS FROM ITALIAN TREATY FAVORED: DECLARATION BY UNITED STATES, FRANCE, AND UNITED KINGDOM, SEPTEMBER 26, 1951 1

The Governments of the United States, France, and the United Kingdom have considered for some time how best to resolve, in the interests of the harmonious development of cooperation between the free nations, the problem presented by the peace treaty with Italy.

In accordance with the desire of the Italian people, Italy, which loyally cooperated with the Allies during the latter part of the war as a cobelligerent, has reestablished democratic institutions. In the spirit of the United Nations' Charter, Italy has invariably extended to other peaceful and democratic governments that cooperation indispensable to the solidarity of the free world.

1 Department of State Bulletin, Oct. 8, 1951, p. 570.