to Spain during a period of several years to contribute to the effective air defense of Spain and to improve the equipment of its military and naval forces, to the extent to be agreed upon in technical discussions in the light of the circumstances, and with the cooperation of the resources of Spanish industry to the extent possible. Such support will be conditioned as in the case of other friendly nations by the priorities and limitations due to the international commitments of the United States and the exigencies of the international situation and will be subject to Congressional appropriations. 2. In consequence of the above stated premises and for the same agreed purposes, the Government of Spain authorizes the Government of the United States, subject to terms and conditions to be agreed. to develop, maintain and utilize for military purposes, jointly with the Government of Spain, such areas and facilities in territory under Spanish jurisdiction as may be agreed upon by the competent authorities of both Governments as necessary for the purposes of this agreement. 3. In granting assistance to Spain within the policy outlined above, as the preparation of the agreed areas and facilities progresses, the Government of the United States will satisfy, subject to the provisions of paragraph one, the minimum requirements for equipment necessary for the defense of Spanish territory, to the end that should a moment requiring the wartime utilization of the areas and facilities arrive, from this moment, the requirements are covered to the extent possible as regards the air defense of the territory and the equipment of the naval units; and that the armament and equipment of the Army units be as far advanced as possible. ARTICLE II For the purposes of this agreement and in accordance with technical arrangements to be agreed upon between the competent authorities of both Governments, the Government of the United States is authorized to improve and fit agreed areas and facilities for military use, as well as to undertake necessary construction in this connection in cooperation with the Government of Spain, to station and house therein the necessary military and civilian personnel and to provide for their security, discipline and welfare; to store and maintain custody of provisions, supplies, equipment and material; and to maintain and operate the facilities and equipment necessary in support of such areas and personnel. ARTICLE III The areas which, by virtue of this Agreement, are prepared for joint utilization will remain under Spanish flag and command, and Spain will assume the obligation of adopting the necessary measures for the external security. However, the United States may, in all cases, exercise the necessary supervision of United States personnel, facilities, and equipment. The time and manner of wartime utilization of said areas and facilities will be as mutually agreed upon. ARTICLE IV The Government of Spain will acquire, free of all charge and servitude, the land which may be necessary for all military purposes and shall retain the ownership of the ground and of the permanent structures which may be constructed thereon. The United States Government reserves the right to remove all other constructions and facilities established at its own expense when it is deemed convenient by the Government of the United States or upon the termination of this Agreement; in both cases the Spanish Government may acquire them, after previous assessment, whenever they are not installations of a classified nature. The Spanish state will be responsible for all claims made against the United States Government by a third party, in all cases referring to the ownership and utilization of the above-mentioned land. ARTICLE V The present Agreement will become effective upon signature and will be in force for a period of ten years, automatically extended for two successive periods of five years each unless the termination procedure hereafter outlined is followed. At the termination of the first ten years or of either of the two extensions of five years, either of the two Governments may inform the other of its intention to cancel the Agreement, thus initiating a consultation period of six months. In the event concurrence is not reached on extension, this Agreement will terminate one year after the conclusion of the period of consultation. In witness whereof the respective representatives, duly authorized for the purpose, have signed the present agreement. Done at Madrid, in duplicate, in the English and Spanish languages, both texts authentic, this twenty-sixth day of September, 1953. [Signatures omitted.] 134. THREE-POWER DEFENSE TREATY BY THE GOVERNMENTS OF YUGOSLAVIA, GREECE AND TURKEY, AUGUST 9, 19541 PREAMBLE The Contracting Parties reassert their fidelity to the principles enunciated in the United Nations Charter and their desire to contribute, by uniting their efforts, to the safeguarding of peace, to the consolidation of security and to the development of international cooperation. Resolved to insure, in the most efficacious manner, the territorial integrity and political independence of their countries, in conformity with the principles and the clauses of the United Nations Charter; Inspired by the desire to extend and strengthen the basis of friendship and cooperation laid down by the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, signed on February 28, 1953, at Ankara, between the countries, which has asserted itself as an extremely efficacious instrument; New York Times, August 10, 1954. Keeping in view the fact that the above-mentioned Treaty was always conceived as the first step towards an alliance; Considering that the realization of such an alliance is necessary, convinced that in any case the institution of a system of collective security between them through the conclusion of a treaty of alliance would constitute not only a decisive factor for their own security and independence, but would also be beneficial for all other countries devoted to the cause of a just peace, especially for those situated in their region, We have decided to conclude the present Treaty, and to this end have designated as respective plenipotentiaries: His Majesty the King of the Hellenes, His Excellency M. Stepha- The President of the Turkish Republic, His Excellency Professor The President of the Federative People's Republic of Yugoslavia, Who, after having presented their credentials, which have been found to be in proper and adequate form, have agreed on the following: ARTICLE 1 The Contracting Parties commit themselves to settle, in conformity with the provisions of the United Nations Charter, by peaceful means, all international disputes in which they might be involved and to abstain in their international relations from resorting to any threat or use of force in any way which would be incompatible with the aims of the United Nations. ARTICLE 2 The Contracting Parties have agreed that any armed aggression against one, or several of them, at any part of their territories, shall be considered as an aggression against all the Contracting Parties, which, in consequence, exercising the right of legitimate collective defense, recognized by Article 51 of the United Nations Charter, shall individually or collectively render assistance to the Party or Parties attacked, undertaking in common accord and immediately all measures, including the use of armed force, which they shall deem necessary for efficacious defense. The Contracting Parties, with the reserve of Article 7 of the present Treaty, commit themselves not to conclude peace or any other arrangement with the aggressor unless they should have previously reached common accord among themselves. ARTICLE 3 With the purpose of insuring, in a lasting and efficacious manner, the realization of the objects of the present treaty, the Contracting Parties have undertaken the obligation to extend to each other mutual assistance in order to maintain and strengthen their defensive capacity. ARTICLE 4 With the purpose of insuring an efficacious application of the present Treaty, the following has been decided: A. To establish a Permanent Council composed of the Foreign Ministers and of such other Members of the Governments of the Contracting Parties, whose presence might be deemed necessary according to the requirements of the situation and the nature of the matters under examination. The Permanent Council would be convened regularly twice a year. It would also hold additional meetings whenever the Governments of all Contracting Parties consider it necessary. When not in session, the Permanent Council would exercise its functions through the intermediary of the Permanent Secretariat of the Ankara Treaty, in a manner to be determined. The Conference of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs, provided for by Article 1 of the Ankara Treaty, is replaced by the Permanent Council. Decisions on essential questions will be passed in unanimity by the Permanent Council. B. The General Staffs of the Contracting Parties shall continue their joint work started in conformity with Articles 2 and 3 of the Ankara Agreement, taking into account the provisions of the present Treaty. ARTICLE 5 In the event that the situation envisaged by Article 2 of the present Treaty should occur, the Contracting Parties would immediately undertake mutual consultations and the Permanent Council would meet urgently to determine the measures that should be jointly undertaken, in addition to those already taken on the grounds of Article 2, to meet the situation. ARTICLE 6 In the event of a grave deterioration of the international situation, and especially in the areas where such deterioration could have a negative effect, direct or indirect, upon security in their area, the Contracting Parties shall consult each other with a view to examining the situation and determining their attitude. The Contracting Parties, conscious that an armed aggression against a country other than themselves could be extending, directly or indirectly, a threat to the integrity of one or several of them, have agreed on the following: In the event of an armed aggression against a country toward which one or several of the Contracting Parties should at the moment of the signing of the present Treaty have undertaken obligations of mutual assistance, the Contracting Parties will consult each other on the measures to be taken, in conformity with the aims of the United Nations, to meet the situation that would have thus been created in their area. It is understood that consultations provided for under this Article could also include an urgent meeting of the Permanent Council. ARTICLE 7 The Contracting Parties shall immediately inform the United Nations Security Council of armed aggression of which they are victims and of the measures undertaken for legitimate defense. They shall halt the afore-mentioned measures when the Security Council has effectively applied the measures mentioned in Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. Similarly, the Governments of the Contracting Parties shall, without delay, make the declaration foreseen by the resolution of the United Nations General Assembly on November 17, 1950, on the duties of States in the case of an outbreak of hostilities and shall act in conformity with the afore-mentioned resolution. ARTICLE 8 The Contracting Parties reiterate their decision not to participate in any coalition directed against one of them, and not to undertake any commitments incompatible with the provisions of the present Treaty. ARTICLE 9 The provisions of the present Treaty do not affect, and cannot be interpreted as affecting in any way, the rights and obligations arising for the Contracting Parties from the United Nations Charter. ARTICLE 10 The provisions of the present Treaty do not affect, and cannot be interpreted as affecting in any way, the rights and obligations that arise for Greece and Turkey from the North Atlantic Treaty of April 4, 1949. ARTICLE 11 The Treaty on Friendship and Cooperation concluded between the Contracting Parties in Ankara on February 28, 1953 remains in force in so far as it has not been altered by the provisions of the present Treaty. The Contracting Parties are agreed that in regard to the duration of the Ankara Treaty, the provisions of Article 13 of the present Treaty shall be applied. ARTICLE 12 The provisions of Article 9 of the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation of February 28, 1953, shall be applicable to the present Treaty under the same conditions. ARTICLE 13 The present Treaty has been concluded for a period of twenty years. If none of the Contracting Parties should cancel it one year before its term has expired, the Treaty shall be considered as tacitly prolonged for another year, and so forth, until canceled by one of the Contracting Parties. |