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ARTICLE 8

(a) The Joint Command shall consist of:

(1) The Commander-in-Chief.

(2) The General Staff.

(3) The units detached for the security of the Joint Command and the conduct of its activities.

This Command shall be permanent, functioning in peacetime and wartime.

(b) The Commander-in-Chief shall command the forces put at his disposal. He shall be responsible to the Supreme Council. duties shall be:

His

(1) To draw up and implement the programs for training, organizing, arming, and equipping the forces placed ath is disposal by the two contracting countries so that they may become a dependable unified force; and to submit these programs to the War Council for examination or to the Supreme Council for endorsement.

(2) To prepare and carry out joint defense plans to meet all eventualities arising from any possible armed attack on one of the two countries or on their forces. For the preservation of these plans, he shall rely on the decisions and the directives of the Supreme Council.

(3) To deploy the forces put at his disposal by the two contracting countries in peacetime and wartime in accordance with joint defense plans.

(4) To draw up the budget of the Joint Command and to submit it to the War Council for consideration prior to final endorsement by the Supreme Council.

(c) The appointment or dismissal of the Chief Aides of the Commander-in-Chief shall be undertaken by the War Council in agreement with the Commander-in-Chief. As for the rest of the Command Staff, appointments and dismissals shall be undertaken by the Commander-in-Chief in agreement with the Chief of Staff of the Army concerned.

ARTICLE 9

(a) The two contracting parties will place at the disposal of the Joint Command, in peace and wartime, all striking units including the troops concentrated on the Palestine borders. The War Council, in conjunction with the Commander-in-Chief, will fix the number of troops to be entrusted with each of the two tasks, the recommendations of the Council to be considered as final immediately on being approved by the Supreme Council.

(b) The War Council, on the recommendation of the Commanderin-Chief, shall make a precise list of the installations and bases necessary for the carrying out of plans and will decide on priority.

ARTICLE 10

(a) A joint fund in which the two contracting parties will participate shall be established for the achievement of the following objectives:

(1) All expenditures incurred by the Joint Command shall be equally shared by the two contracting parties.

(2) With regard to the expenses for the maintenance of military installations mentioned in Article 9, paragraph (b), they shall be borne in the proportion of 65% by the Egyptian Republic and 35% by the Syrian Republic.

(b) Each of the two contracting states shall pay all salaries and indemnities for the military and civil personnel to be seconded for duty by it with the Joint Command, the War Council, and other committees in conformity with the financial regulations of each of them.

ARTICLE 11

None of the provisions of this pact shall in any way affect or be intended to affect the rights and obligations which may result from or which may accrue in conformity with the provisions of the United Nations Charter or with the responsibilities borne by the United Nations Security Council for the maintenance of world peace and security.

ARTICLE 12

This treaty shall be for a term of 10 years automatically renewable for further terms of 5 years. Each of the two contracting parties may terminate the pact by notifying the other party at least one year before the expiration of any of the above terms.

ARTICLE 13

This treaty shall be approved in conformity with the constitutional rules in force in each of the two countries, the instruments of ratification to be exchanged at the Syrian Foreign Ministry in Damascus within a period not exceeding 30 days from the date of the signing of the pact which will come into force immediately on the exchange of the documents.

THE WESTERN NATIONS ANd the middle eaST

179. ANGLO-TRANSJORDANIAN TREATY OF ALLIANCE: MILITARY AND DEFENSE PROVISIONS, APRIL 30, 1948 1

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Article 3: Should either Party-efforts made in concert to find a peaceful settlement having proved unsuccessful-'become engaged in war, the other High Contracting Party will, subject always to the provisions of Article 4, immediately come to his aid as a measure of collective defence.

'In the event of an imminent menace of hostilities the High Contracting Parties will immediately concert together the necessary measures of defence.'

Article 4: 'Nothing in the present Treaty is intended to or shall in any way prejudice the rights and obligations which devolve, or may devolve, upon either of the High Contracting Parties under the Charter of the United Nations or under any other existing international agreements, conventions or treaties.'

1 Great Britain. Parliament. Papers-by-Command No. 7404, 1948.

ANNEX

Article 1: (a) The High Contracting Parties recognize that, in the common interests of both, each of them must be in a position to discharge his obligations under Article 3 of the Treaty.

(b) In the event of either High Contracting Party becoming engaged in war, or of a menace of hostilities, each High Contracting Party will invite the other to bring to his territory or territory controlled by him the necessary forces of all arms. Each will furnish to the other all the facilities and assistance in his power, including the use of all means and lines of communication, and on financial terms to be agreed upon.

(c) His Majesty the King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan will safeguard, maintain and develop as necessary the airfields, ports, roads and other means and lines of communication in and across the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan as may be required for the purposes of the present Treaty and its annex and will call upon His Britannic Majesty's assistance as may be required for this purpose.

(d) Until such time as the High Contracting Parties agree that the state of world security renders such measures unnecessary, His Majesty the King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan invites His Britannic Majesty to maintain units of the Royal Air Force at Amman and Mafrak airfields. His Majesty the King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan will provide all the necessary facilities for the accommodation and maintenance of the units mentioned in this paragraph, including facilities for the storage of their ammunition and supplies and the lease of any land required.'

Article 2 provides for the immediate setting up of a permanent joint advisory body (the Anglo-Transjordan Joint Defence Board) whose functions included (a) 'the formulation of agreed plans in the strategic interests common to both countries'; (b) the formulation of measures to give effect to the provisions of Article 3 of the Treaty and Article 1 (c) of the Annex, and arrangements for joint training under Article 6 of the Annex; (c) consideration of and, if necessary, recommendations for the location of United Kingdom forces at additional places in Transjordan. Article 4: His Majesty the King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan agrees to afford on request all necessary facilities for the movement of units of His Britannic Majesty's forces in transit across the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan, with their supplies and equipment, on the same financial terms as those applicable to the forces of His Majesty the King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan.'

Article 6: 'In order that the armed forces of the High Contracting Parties should attain the necessary efficiency in co-operation with each other and in view of the desirability of establishing identity between the training and methods employed by the Transjordan and British forces respectively'-the United Kingdom Government offered training facilities for the Transjordan armed forces in British territories, made available United Kingdom armed forces for annual joint training exercises (which Transjordan agreed may be held on Transjordan territory),

would provide on request British service personnel whose services were requested by Transjordan, and would provide arms, ammunition, equipment and aircraft and other war material for the Transjordan forces.

180. TRIPARTITE DECLARATION REGARDING SECURITY IN THE NEAR EAST: MAY, 25 1950 1

The Governments of the United Kingdom, France, and the United States, having had occasion during the recent Foreign Ministers meeting in London to review certain questions affecting the peace and stability of the Arab states and of Israel, and particularly that of the supply of arms and war material to these states, have resolved to make the following statements:

1. The three Governments recognize that the Arab states and Israel all need to maintain a certain level of armed forces for the purposes of assuring their internal security and their legitimate self-defense and to permit them to play their part in the defense of the area as a whole. All applications for arms or war material for these countries will be considered in the light of these principles. In this connection the three Governments wish to recall and reaffirm the terms of the statements made by their representatives on the Security Council on August 4, 1949, in which they declared their opposition to the development of an arms race between the Arab states and Israel.

2. The three Governments declare that assurances have been received from all the states in question, to which they permit arms to be supplied from their countries, that the purchasing state does not intend to undertake any act of aggression against any other state. Similar assurances will be requested from any other state in the area to which they permit arms to be supplied in the future.

3. The three Governments take this opportunity of declaring their deep interest in and their desire to promote the establishment and maintenance of peace and stability in the area and their unalterable opposition to the use of force or threat of force between any of the states in that area. The three Governments, should they find that any of these states was preparing to violate frontiers or armistice lines, would, consistently with their obligations as members of the United Nations, immediately take action, both within and outside the United Nations, to prevent such violation.

181. MUTUAL DEFENSE ASSISTANCE: AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND SAUDI ARABIA, JUNE 18, 1951 2 The American Ambassador to the Saudi Arabian Minister for Foreign Affairs

YOUR ROYAL HIGHNESS:

JIDDA, June 18, 1951.

1. In view of the friendship existing between the Government of Saudi Arabia and the Government of the United States of America, in pursuance of conversations which have been held over a considerable period of time regarding the desire of Saudi Arabia to obtain

1 Department of State Bulletin, June 5, 1950.

U. 8. Department of State, TÍAS 2289.

military arms and equipment from the United States, and in confirmation of recent discussion with representatives of the Government of Saudi Arabia regarding the extending of procurement assistance to Saudi Arabia for the transfer of military supplies and equipment, I have the honor to confirm that by executive decision of the President of the United States Saudi Arabia has been found eligible for such assistance under Section 408 (E) of the Mutual Defense Act of 1949 (Public Law 329, 81st Congress) as amended by Public Law 621, 81st Congress, which provided inter alia for the extending of procurement assistance to a nation whose ability to defend itself, or to participate in the defense of the area of which it is a part, is important to the security of the United States.

2. I understand that the Government of Saudi Arabia desires to take advantage of such procurement assistance and to have sent to it a United States Army, Navy and Air Force group to come to agreement with the appropriate Saudi Arabian authorities on the training program and the phasing of deliveries of arms and equipment required by the Saudi Arabian Government.

3. The cost of supplies or equipment provided by procurement assistance shall be the fair value as determined by the President of the United States under the terms of the Act.

4. The United States Government, in addition to providing the procurement assistance mentioned above, as indicated in paragraph 15 (a) of the Embassy's note of this date, is prepared to make available adequate numbers of qualified United States Army, Navy and Air Force personnel to provide training in the use of equipment acquired under procurement assistance as well as for tactical training. Certain expenses of the United States personnel assigned for these purposes will be borne by the United States Government. These expenses will include payment of salaries of such personnel, allowances, per diem and other concomitants of military duty.

5. The United States Government will, to the extent it is possible to do so, accept Saudi Arabian cadets of outstanding promise for study and training in the United States.

6. I understand your Government is prepared to agree to use such items as may be provided to foster international peace and security within the framework of the Charter of the United Nations; and moreover, that items to be provided by the United States Government are required by the Saudi Arabian Government to maintain its internal security, its legitimate self-defense or to permit it to participate in the defense of the area of which it is a part, and that it will not undertake any act of aggression against another state.

7. I understand also that your Government will obtain the consent of the Government of the United States prior to the transfer of title to or possession of any equipment and materials, information or services furnished, and that your Government will take measures to protect the security of any article, service or information furnished.

8. In order to pay for military assistance, the Saudi Arabian Government will open an irrevocable letter of credit in favor of the Secretary of State in a United States bank for the full cost, including accessorial and administrative expenses incident thereto of each order of equipment to be purchased when the order is made. Drafts on this letter payable to the Treasurer of the United States will be drawn before equipment out of United States Government stock is transferred to the Saudi Arabian Government.

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