tion of source or special nuclear material places the operation of those facilities in interstate commerce for the purposes of this Act.

"g. Funds of the United States may be provided for the development and use of atomic energy under conditions which will provide for the common defense and security and promote the general welfare.

"h. It is essential to the common defense and security that title to all special nuclear material be in the United States while such special nuclear material is within the United States.

"SEC. 3. PURPOSE.-It is the purpose of this Act to effectuate the policies set forth above by providing for-

"a. a program of conducting, assisting, and fostering research and development in order to encourage maximum scientific and industrial progress;

"b. a program for the dissemination of unclassified scientific and technical information and for the control, dissemination, and declassification of Restricted Data, subject to appropriate safeguards, so as to encourage scientific and industrial progress;

"c. a program for Government control of the possession, use, and production of atomic energy and special nuclear material so directed as to make the maximum contribution to the common defense and security and the national welfare;

"d. a program to encourage widespread participation in the development and utilization of atomic energy for peaceful purposes to the maximum extent consistent with the common defense and security and with the health and safety of the public;

"e. a program of international cooperation to promote the common defense and security and to make available to cooperating nations the benefits of peaceful applications of atomic energy as widely as expanding technology and considerations of the common defense and security will permit; and

"f. a program of administration which will be consistent with the foregoing policies and programs, with international arrangements, and with agreements for cooperation, which will enable the Congress to be currently informed so as to take further legislative action as may be appropriate.

"CHAPTER 2. DEFINITIONS

"SEC. 11. DEFINITIONS.-The intent of Congress in the definitions as given in this section should be construed from the words or phrases used in the definitions. As used in this Act:

"a. The term 'agency of the United States' means the executive branch of the United States, or any Government agency, or the legislative branch of the United States, or any agency, committee, commission, office, or other establishment in the legislative branch, or the judicial branch of the United States, or any office, agency, committee, commission, or other establishment in the judicial branch.

"b. The term 'agreement for cooperation' means any agreement with another nation or regional defense organization, authorized or permitted by sections 54, 57, 64, 82, 103, 104, or 144, and made pursuant to section 123.

"c. The term 'atomic energy' means all forms of energy released in the course of nuclear fission or nuclear transformation.

"d. The term 'atomic weapon' means any device utilizing atomic energy, exclusive of the means for transporting or propelling the device (where such means is a separable and divisible part of the device), the principal purpose of which is for use as, or for development of, a weapon, a weapon prototype, or a weapon test device.

"e. The term 'byproduct material' means any radioactive material (except special nuclear material) yielded in or made radioactive by exposure to the radiation incident to the process of producing or utilizing special nuclear material.

"f. The term 'Commission' means the Atomic Energy Commission. "g. The term 'common defense and security' means the common defense and security of the United States.

"h. The term 'defense information' means any information in any category determined by any Government agency authorized to classify information, as being information respecting, relating to, or affecting a the national defense.

"i. The term 'design' means (1) specifications, plans, drawings, blueprints, and other items of like nature; (2) the information contained therein; or (3) the research and development data pertinent to the information contained therein.

"j. The term 'Government agency' means any executive department, commission, independent establishment, corporation, wholly or partly owned by the United States of America which is an instrumentality of the United States, or any board, bureau, division, service, office, officer, authority, administration, or other establishment in the executive branch of the Government.

"k. The term 'international arrangement' means any international agreement hereafter approved by the Congress or any treaty during the time such agreement or treaty is in full force and effect, but does not include any agreement for cooperation.

"1. The term Joint Committee' means the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy.

"m. The term 'operator' means any individual who manipulates the controls of a utilization or production facility.

"n. The term 'person' means (1) any individual, corporation, partnership, firm, association, trust, estate, public or private institution, group, Government agency other than the Commission, any State or any political subdivision of, or any political entity within a State, any foreign government or nation or any political subdivision of any such government or nation, or other entity; and (2) any legal successor, representative, agent, or agency of the foregoing.

"o. The term 'produce', when used in relation to special nuclear material, means (1) to manufacture, make, produce, or refine special nuclear material; (2) to separate special nuclear material from other substances in which such material may be contained; or (3) to make or to produce new special nuclear material.

"p. The term 'production facility' means (1) any equipment or device determined by rule of the Commission to be capable of the production of special nuclear material in such quantity as to be of significance to the common defense and security, or in such manner as to affect the health and safety of the public; or (2) any important component part especially designed for such equipment or device as determined by the Commission.

"q. The term 'research and development' means (1) theoretical analysis, exploration, or experimentation; or (2) the extension of

investigative findings and theories of a scientific or technical nature into practical application for experimental and demonstration purposes, including the experimental production and testing of models, devices, equipment, materials, and processes.

"r. The term 'Restricted Data' means all data concerning (1) design, manufacture, or utilization of atomic weapons; (2) the production of special nuclear material; or (3) the use of special nuclear material in the production of energy, but shall not include data declassified or removed from the Restricted Data category pursuant to section 142.

"s. The term 'source material' means (1) uranium, thorium, or any other material which is determined by the Commission pursuant to the provisions of section 61 to be source material; or (2) ores containing one or more of the foregoing materials, in such concentration as the Commission may by regulation determine from time to time.

"t. The term 'special nuclear material' means (1) plutonium, uranium enriched in the isotope 233 or in the isotope 235, and any other material which the Commission, pursuant to the provisions of section 51, determines to be special nuclear material, but does not include source material; or (2) any material artificially enriched by any of the foregoing, but does not include source material.

"u. The term 'United States', when used in a geographical sense, includes all Territories and possessions of the United States, and the Canal Zone.

"v. The term 'utilization facility' means (1) any equipment or device, except an atomic weapon, determined by rule of the Commission to be capable of making use of special nuclear material in such quantity as to be of significance to the common defense and security, or in such manner as to affect the health and safety of the public, or peculiarly adapted for making use of atomic energy in such quantity as to be of significance to the common defense and security, or in such manner as to affect the health and safety of the public; or (2) any important component part especially designed for such equipment or device as determined by the Commission.

"CHAPTER 3. ORGANIZATION

"SEC. 21. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION.-There is hereby established an Atomic Energy Commission, which shall be composed of five members, each of whom shall be a citizen of the United States. The President shall designate one member of the Commission as Chairman thereof to serve as such during the pleasure of the President. The Chairman may from time to time designate any other member of the Commission as Acting Chairman to act in the place and stead of the Chairman during his absence. The Chairman (or the Acting Chairman in the absence of the Chairman) shall preside at all meetings of the Commission and a quorum for the transaction of business shall consist of at least three members present. Each member of the Commission, including the Chairman, shall have equal responsibility and authority in all decisions and actions of the Commission and shall have one vote. Action of the Commission shall be determined by a majority vote of the members present. The Chairman (or Acting Chairman in the absence of the Chairman) shall be the official spokesman of the Commission in its relations with the Congress, Government agencies,

persons, or the public, and, on behalf of the Commission, shall see to the faithful execution of the policies and decisions of the Commission, and shall report thereon to the Commission from time to time or as the Commission may direct. The Commission shall have an official seal which shall be judicially noticed.

"SEC. 22. MEMBERS.

"a. Members of the Commission shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. In submitting any nomination to the Senate, the President shall set forth the experience and qualifications of the nominee. The term of office of each member of the Commission taking office after June 30, 1950, shall be five years, except that (1) the terms of office of the members first taking office after June 30, 1950, shall expire, as designated by the President at the time of the appointment, one at the end of one year, one at the end of two years, one at the end of three years, one at the end of four years, and one at the end of five years, after June 30, 1950; and (2) any member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was appointed, shall be appointed for the remainder of such term. Any member of the Commission may be removed by the President for inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office. Each member, except the Chairman, shall receive compensation at the rate of $18,000 per annum; and the member designated as Chairman shall receive compensation at the rate of $20,000 per annum.

"b. No member of the Commission shall engage in any business, vocation, or employment other than that of serving as a member of the Commission.

"SEC. 23. OFFICE. The principal office of the Commission shall be in or near the District of Columbia, but the Commission or any duly authorized representative may exercise any or all of its powers in any place; however, the Commission shall maintain an office for the service of process and papers within the District of Columbia.

"SEC. 24. GENERAL MANAGER.-There is hereby established within the Commission a General Manager, who shall discharge such of the administrative and executive functions of the Commission as the Commission may direct. The General Manager shall be appointed by the Commission, shall serve at the pleasure of the Commission, shall be removable by the Commission, and shall receive compensation at a rate determined by the Commission, but not in excess of $20,000

per annum.

"SEC. 25. DIVISIONS AND OFFICES.-There is hereby established within the Commission

"a. a Division of Military Application and such other program divisions (not to exceed ten in number) as the Commission may determine to be necessary to the discharge of its responsibilities, including a division or divisions the primary responsibilities of which include the development and application of civilian uses of atomic energy. Each such division shall be under the direction of a Director who shall be appointed by the Commission and shall receive compensation at a rate determined by the Commission, but not in excess of $16,000 per annum. The Director of the Division of Military Application shall be an active member of the Armed Forces. The Commission shall require each such division to exercise such of the Commission's administrative and executive powers as the Commission may determine;

"b. an Office of the General Counsel under the direction of the General Counsel who shall be appointed by the Commission and shall receive compensation at a rate determined by the Commission, but not in excess of $16,000 per annum; and

"c. an Inspection Division under the direction of a Director who shall be appointed by the Commission and shall receive compensation at a rate determined by the Commission, but not in excess of $16,000 per annum. The Inspection Division shall be responsible for gathering information to show whether or not the contractors, licensees, and officers and employees of the Commission are complying with the provisions of this Act (except those provisions for which the Federal Bureau of Investigation is responsible) and the appropriate rules and regulations of the Commission.

"SEC. 26. GENERAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE.-There shall be a General Advisory Committee to advise the Commission on scientific and technical matters relating to materials, production, and research and development, to be composed of nine members, who shall be appointed from civilian life by the President. Each member shall hold office for a term of six years, except that (a) any member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was appointed, shall be appointed for the remainder of such term; and (b) the terms of office of the members first taking office after August 1, 1946, shall expire, as designated by the President at the time of appointment, three at the end of two years, three at the end of four years, and three at the end of six years, after August 1, 1946. The Committee shall designate one of its own members as Chairman. The Committee shall meet at least four times in every calendar year. The members of the Committee shall receive a per diem compensation for each day spent in meetings or conferences, and all members shall receive their necessary traveling or other expenses while engaged in the work of the Committee.

"SEC. 27. MILITARY LIAISON COMMITTEE.-There is hereby established a Military Liaison Committee consisting of

"a. a Chairman, who shall be the head thereof and who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, who shall serve at the pleasure of the President, and who shall receive compensation at the rate prescribed for an Assistant Secretary of Defense; and

"b. a representative or representatives from each of the Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, in equal numbers, as determined by the Secretary of Defense, to be assigned from each Department by the Secretary thereof, and who will serve without additional compensation.

The Chairman of the Committee may designate one of the members of the Committee as Acting Chairman to act during his absence. The Commission shall advise and consult with the Department of Defense, through the Committee, on all atomic energy matters which the Department of Defense deems to relate to military applications of atomic weapons or atomic energy including the development, manufacture, use, and storage of atomic weapons, the allocation of special nuclear material for military research, and the control of information relating to the manufacture or utilization of atomic weapons; and shall keep the Department of Defense, through the Committee, fully and currently