title and Ad Lectorem, with a blank leaf. But it was afterwards found that the Ad Lectorem would want two pages more: accordingly v., vi., were printed twice, and a blank leaf was pre-pasted, as it is in my copy. This will be found to end T. W.'s part with page 142., as actually happens. All which I do not vouch for. A. DE MORGAN. The edition alluded to by P. H. F. is the most valued of the small editions, particularly a good copy. In 1726 Hogarth engraved his large set of plates (12) to Butler's Hudibras, and fine impressions will bear a good price in the market. They were "Printed and Sold by Philip Overton, Print and Map Seller, at the Golden Buck near St. Dunstan's Church in Fleet Street, and John Cooper, in James Street, Covent Garden, 1726." What has become of the original drawings? Mr. S. Ireland had five, four were preserved in Holland, and two more were existing somewhere else in 1782. They were dedicated to William Ward, Esq., of Great Houghton, Northamptonshire, and to Allan Ramsay, who took, or rather subscribed, for thirty sets. On the plate of Hudibras and the Lawyer he still continued spelling his name Hogart, and I believe not until some time after did he spell it as it is now, Hogarth. A. B. C. In a former description of my 12mo. edition of Hudibras, 1732, I gave but a hasty sketch. Upon further examination I find that it contains for a frontispiece a portrait of "Mr. Samuel Butler," beautifully engraved by S. Ve Gucht. The next plate represents Hudibras and Ralpho setting out. Upon the top of this is engraved P. 15., which page it fronts; at the bottom I, and "Wm. Hogarth, Invt. et Sculpt." The next is placed at p. 75.; the plate is also engraved p. 75., but no No. or engraver's name. The third and fourth plates have the appearance of being re-engraved plates; the impressions are much clearer than the others. Every plate throughout has the page upon it where it is intended to be placed. All the plates that bear Hogarth's name are also numbered. They are plates 1, 4, 5, 7, and 8. The last plate at p. 182. is treble page width, folded. There are three double page plates; they occur at pages 74, 88, and 130. None of the large plates have Hogarth's name engraved upon them, only the page. The paging is continuous. Part I. ends with p. 142., catchword "Book." The title for Part II. is thus: "Hudibras. The Second Part. By the Author of the First. Corrected and Amended with several Additions and Annotations." *The Scotch poet, and editor of the Tea-Table Miscellany, &c. Part II. ends with p. 233. Part III. has, different from the other, an imprint, "London, printed for B. Motte at the Middle Temple Gate, Fleet Street. MDCCXXXII." Contrary to P. H. F.'s edition, Part III. ends with p. 400., and followed by 22 pages of Index, not paged. There are ornaments in Part III. not contained in either of the others, which leads me to think that Parts I. and II. are the same as the edition of 1726, and that Part III. is a reprint. There are no plates in my edition in Part III. I am aware there are plates published by Hogarth illustrating that part of the poem. I remember reading in C. M. Smith's World of London a description of the plate, "The Burning of the Rump." I imagine that plate must occur in the edition of 1726 in the third part. If, as A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD has suggested, the editor of "N. & Q." be disposed to examine❤ the two editions, my copy is at his service, and shall, upon a request from him, be immediately forwarded. DEVA. I have now before me a 12mo. edition of Hudibras, dated 1732. The title-page is as follows: "Hudibras in three parts. Written in the time of the Late Wars. Corrected and amended: with additions. To which are added Annotations, with an exact Index of the whole. Adorn'd with a new set of cuts, Design'd and Engrav'd by Mr. Hogarth. London: Printed for D. Midwinter and A. Ward, J. Walthoe, J. and J. Knap ton, R. Knaplock, B. Sprint, J. Tonson, J. Osborne, and T. Longman, A. Bettesworth and C. Hitch, R. Robinson, W. Mears, W. Innys, T. Woodward, F. Clay, D. Browne and J. Poulson. 1732." There is a portrait of Mr. Samuel Butler as frontispiece, which has at the bottom right-hand corner J. Vdr. Gucht, Scul. There are only nine other engravings, five of which are single, and four folding. The single plates, which are the best and clearest on the whole, have at the bottom, Wm. Hogarth Invt. et Sculp. The folding plates, two of which, including the " Skimmington, are of a better class than the other two, have no name whatever to them, and though inferior to the single plates, I am inclined to believe they are the work of Hogarth, as the style is evidently the same, and the likeness of the knight correct throughout. graving, and with the other to Part II. is misplaced. The Skimmington is the last enThe book is not my own, or it would have afforded me much pleasure to have followed "A HErmit AT HAMPSTEAD's" example, in offering to produce it, but I shall be happy to reply to any queries. I shall hope to see another copy of the same work before long, and will send my notes upon it, if I find anything likely to interest. HENRI. If it will afford any satisfaction to your correspondents, I may mention that I have a copy of Hudibras in 12mo. dated 1732, printed in London for "B. Moote*, at the Middle Temple Gate in Fleet Street." On the title-page is read, "Adorn'd with a new Set of Cuts, Design'd and Engrav'd by Mr. Hogarth." The frontispiece is a well-engraved portrait of "Mr. Samuel Butler." "J. Var Gucht Scul." The plates are nine in number: the first, for p. 15., is subscribed "Wm Hogarth, Invt et Scult." as are two or three others. Some are numbered, others have merely a reference to the paget: the last, the Procession, is referred to p. 182., but is misplaced. None occur in the latter part of the volume, which extends continuously to 400 pages. The Index at the end is not paged. A. B. Canterbury. Your correspondent K. of. Arbroath is quite correct in assigning the authorship of the Heiress to General Burgoyne. This comedy, only inferior to the School for Scandal of all the comedies produced in the last century, was first represented at Drury Lane in January, 1786, six years previous to the General's death. It was admirably cast, had an extraordinary run, and was frequently played at the Haymarket and Covent Garden in subsequent seasons. Miss Farren was the original Lady Emily Gayville, which was one of her favourite characters; in which she was not equalled by either Mrs. Pope or Miss Duncan, who succeeded her in that popular part. The General's other dramatic pieces were, first, that capital opera the Lord of the Manor, produced at Drury Lane in December, 1780 (with Suett as Moll Flagon); his Maid of the Oaks was brought out at the same theatre, 1774, the year before he went to America to tarnish the laurels which he had gloriously won Apparently a misprint for "Motte," as the title-page to Part III. has the name "Motte," and the date 1732, as if it had been a separate publication; yet the paging is continuous throughout. I observe this peculiarity- those alone are numbered which bear the name "Hogarth." at Valentia di Alcantara and Villa Velha. It was in the last-named opera that Mrs. Abington set the town in ecstacies by her perforrnance of Lady Bab Lardoon. Towards the close of the year in which the General brought out his Heiress, he also produced at Drury Lane his adaptation of Sedaine's Richard Cœur de Lion, retaining only portions of Gretry's charming music. John Kemble was the Richard, and he actually sang a song, to the great astonishment of the public. These were all the dramatic productions of the natural son of Lord Bingley, who when a very young officer, and without any fortune but his sword, ran off with Lady Charlotte Stanley. Her father, the Earl of Derby, was highly disgusted; but he subsequently settled 300l. a-year on the lady, and at his death left her 25,000l. Burgoyne's dramatic career was briefer, but more splendid than his military life; though the earlier portion of the latter was highly creditable mingled laurels with their cypress, and Ticonto him. Even his disastrous campaigns in America deroga and Mount Independence should not be forgotten when his capitulation at Saratoga is spoken of with censure. The censure should be posed his demand for inquiry into his conduct, directed against the ministers of the day, who opapparently lest their own short-comings should be exposed. Burgoyne was not a Regulus with respect to his word pledged to an enemy; who satirised his turgid proclamations by naming him "Chrononhotonthologus;' nor was he, morally, of very elevated character, adding, as he is said to have done, to a sufficient income the splendid proceeds of his continually successful gambling with young players. Murphy, as a dramatist, can well afford to dispense with the reputation of being the author of the Heiress. In the year in which Burgoyne's comedy was produced, Murphy, the Roscommon boy, who had passed through the different phases of a student at St. Omer's, a merchant's clerk, a periodical writer, an actor, and a barrister, published his collected dramatic pieces. They had all been written between 1754 and 1783, commencing when he was about three-and-twentyyears of age. His first piece was the Apprentice, acted in 1756. This was succeeded by the Upholsterer in 1758, and the Orphan of China in 1759. In the following year he produced two pieces, the Way to Keep Him, and the Desert Island; and in the succeeding year three, the Citizen, All in the Wrong, and the Old Maid. In 1764 were played his No One's Enemy but his Own, Three Weeks after Marriage, and Choice. The School for Guardians was played in 1767, and Zenobia in 1768. In 1772 appeared his Grecian Daughter, and his Alzuma in the following year. News from Parnassus was first acted in 1776, and Know your own Mind in 1777, Finally, his Rival Sisters appeared in 1793. Some of the above, SCALLOP SHELLS. (2nd S. iv. 150. 197.) The pilgrims who visited the tomb of S. James at Compostella, in Galicia, considered themselves under an obligation to bring away with them, and to wear on their mantles, one or more shells of the order pecten, generally the scallop, which has hence been called the coquille de S. Jacques. | pion of Christendom, to go wherever duty called or his superior commanded. These remarks are offered in reply to your correspondent's Query. But it may here be permitted to add a suggestion, that we still have amongst us traces of the pilgrim's scallop. In the more modern cockade, also worn on the hat, whether the emblem be viewed as indicating military or civil service, we may read traces of the pilgrim's cockle or coquille. The attendants of the great and powerful would naturally assume badge which indicated their readiness to go at once where ordered, and so also would the soldier. a Thus the cockade is but a modification of the pilgrim's scallop. The French cockades, up to the period of the first revolution, when they were altered, bore traces of this origin in their pectinated form; they were "plissées du centre à la circonference." And we may still remark some lingering traces of the same idea amongst ourselves; especially in cases where the cockade worn by gentlemen's servants is not simply a rosette plissée, but a rosette surmounted by a fan, the fan being an evident memorial of the coquille or scallop. One small specimen of the pecten is still known on the southern coasts of England by the familiar name of the fan-shell. French writers are disposed to trace the cocarde to a tuft of ribands or feathers worn by Hungarian soldiers, to which, however, it bears not the slightest resemblance; and, in conformity to this view, they would derive the word from coq. Surely, however, cocarde, like coquille, is rather to be derived from coque, a shell. THOMAS Boys. Originally the shell, which might be from the shores of either the Mediterranean or the Atlantic, was deemed an evidence that the pilgrimage had been performed. Beyond this, there does not appear to have been any tradition which specially connected the scallop with the shrine at Compostella. The same shell, indeed, was sometimes worn by pilgrims who visited other shrines, though Southey, in a note (10.) to his Pilgrim of Comthe practice probably began with those of San-postella, has collected what may interest H. J. tiago. Another pectinated shell, the cockle, was BUCKTON on this subject. He has shown that often substituted; both cockle and scallop being Fuller was in error, and Gwillim ignorant, as to frequently worn, no longer on the mantle, but in the origin of the scallop as an emblem. Fosbrooke front of the bat. (Brit. Mon., 423.) says, "The escallops, being denominated by ancient authors the shells of Gales or Galicia, plainly apply to this pilgrimage in particular." Southey has narrated, from the Anales de Galicia (i. 95, 96.), the origin of the miracle which initiated this emblem, and which, besides the usual historical authorities of Portugal, is vouched for by the several Popes Alexander III., Gregory IX., and Clement V., in Bulls issued for the purpose to the Archbishop of Compostella, who, by virtue of his office, may excommunicate those who sell these shells to pilgrims anywhere except in the city of Santiago (St. James). Dr. Clarke admits his ignorance of the origin of the badge. The scene of the alleged miracle was the seashore of a village called Bouzas in Portugal. In the ancient Fathers of the church there is, I believe, no mention of any such emblem. St. Jerome, in reference to Revelations iv. 7., thinks the evangelist Matthew is represented As a further extension of the practice, the shell came at length to be worn not only by returning, but by intending pilgrims. The object probably was to insure protection and hospitality on the pilgrimage; it may be, to excite a certain degree of interest and pious sympathy before setting out. But the extension went farther still. The scallop became the badge of more than one medieval order. The order instituted by S. Louis bore the title du navire et des coquilles. The chevaliers of S. Michael wore a golden collar of scallops, and were called chevaliers de la coquille. In this manner, from being worn as a purely religious emblem by pilgrims, the scallop, as a badge of knighthood, acquired a character half religious, half military. But still the idea of pilgrimage appears so far as this to have been kept in view, that the scallop, borne by the chevalier or knight, proclaimed him pledged and prepared, as a cham | "I could, however, perceive that it was not the representation of the personage who might have been ex by a lion, Mark by a man, Luke by an ox, and John by an eagle. (De Cons. Evangelistarum, pected to preside at the fountain of honour; and on 1. vi. T. iii. P. ii.). T. J. BUCKTON. The legend of the origin of this badge, and the consequent conversion to Christianity of a Paynim Knight of Portugal, is to be found in the Sanctoral Portugues, but is too long for transcription in "N. & Q.:" neither is such transcription necessary, as the whole is to be found translated in the Notes to Southey's Pilgrim to Compostella. W. J. BERNHARD SMITH. GEORGE WASHINGTON AN ENGLISHMAN. (2nd S. iv. 6. 39. 75.) It seems rather a strange coincidence that, on the eighty-first anniversary of American Inde pendence, a grave Query should be started in the pages of "N. & Q." as to whether America's greatest hero and wisest President was not after all a bona fide "John Bull." Though the question seems almost too absurd to be treated in a serious manner, it may be well to state, that having examined all the biographical accounts of George Washington, both English and American, within my reach, I find they one and all declare he was born in the state of Virginia. Besides the authorities already referred to (pp. 39. 75.), I may adduce the following: Encyclopædia Britannica; Biographie Universelle; Chalmers's Biographical Dictionary; Maunder's Biographical Treasury; Pictorial History of England, &c. &c. Judge Marshall, in his Life of Washington (1804), says he was "the third son of Augustine Washington, and was born in Virginia at Bridges Creek, in the county of Westmoreland, on the 22nd of February; 1732." And Washington Irving, the latest, and probably the most accurate, of Washington's biographers, says he was born "in the family homestead at Bridges Creek, Virginia." It is hardly probable a writer of such tried integrity and world-wide renown would repeat such markable story" without possessing reliable evi dence as to its truth. a 66 re In the Edinburgh Review for Oct. 1833 (vol. lviii. p. 75.), I find a curious anecdote relating to Washington's genealogy, which may be worth recording here. In the Life of William Roscoe, by his son, it is stated that towards the close of the last century the historian became acquainted with Sir Isaac Heard, then Garter King-at-Arms. Roscoe gleaned from Sir Isaac a singular fact respecting Washington, which he (Roscoe) many years after communicated to an American gentleman in a letter. The following is an extract: - "On visiting him (Heard) one day in his office in Doctors' Commons, I observed a portrait over the chimneypiece, not sufficiently characterised for me to decipher, and, to the best of my recollection, not in the first style of art. expressing my surprise to Sir Isaac, and inquiring whose portrait it was, he replied, in his usual energetic manner, Who is it? Whose should it be, but the portrait of the greatest man of the age-George Washington?' On my assenting to this remark, he added, 'Now, Sir, I will chives, he took out some papers, consisting of several show you something farther.' And turning to his arsheets, closely written, saying, Here, Sir, is the genealogy and family history of General Washington, with which he has, at my request, furnished me, in his own handwriting, and which shall have a particular pleasure in preserving amongst the most precious records of my office;' which I have no doubt he has accordingly done, and where I presume they may still be seen on application to the proper authorities." Query, Does the precious and interesting document here referred to yet exist? * If so, any extracts from it would be very acceptable to the wide circle of Washington's admirers. Vox. FAMILY OF ROBERT EMMETT. (2nd S. iii. 31. 97. 248.) In reference to the Irish patriot Robert Emmett, I presume he resided with his father Dr. Emmett, in Stephen's Green, Dublin, up to the year 1802; after that time it would appear he resided at the country residence of his father near family of Emmett settled in Ireland I have been Milltown. As to the exact period at which the unable to discover. I find, however, that in the year 1656 William Emett filed a bill in the Court of Chancery in Ireland, and several suits tuted by and against Katherine Emett, Thomas were subsequently, down to the year 1698, instiEmett, and Cornet Thomas Emett. Whether the pleadings in these suits would or would not afford any valuable information, not having seen them, I am not able to say. In the reign of Queen Anne Thomas Emett was a justice of peace for the county of Limerick, and probably died during that reign, as I do not find him holding the commission in the reign of . George I. In the year 1743 Christopher Emett his will, dated 30th April, 1743, and which was of Tipperary, in the county of Tipperary, made proved in the Court of Prerogative in Ireland the mentions his wife Rebecca, his sons Thomas and 14th November in that year. In his said will he Robert, his nephew Christopher Emett, son of his brother William, his sister-in-law Elizabeth Temple of Dublin, and his nephew John Mahony. sister-in-law to Christopher Emett, some Who this Elizabeth Temple was, and how she was of your correspondents may be able to explain. I [* It is printed in Sparkes' Life of Washington, from the original MS. now in the possession of Sir Isaac Heard's friend and executor, James Pulman, Esq., F.S.A., Clarencieux.] presume that the second son of Christopher Emett and Rebecca his wife was Robert Emett, M.D. Dr. Emmett in the year 1770, and down to the year 1776, resided in Molesworth Street in the city of Dublin. The following taken from the Hibernian Magazine, I conclude alludes to the doctor's mother: "24. Nov. 1774. Died in Molesworth Street, in her 74th year, Mrs. Rebecca Emmett." Dr. Emmett, as stated at p. 97., was married to Elizabeth Mason. This marriage took place in Cork on the 15th Nov. 1760, and I incline to think that he remained in that city until 1770, when he became State Physician. The issue of the marriage were Christopher Temple, Thomas Addis, and Robert Emmett, and a daughter, who was married to Robert Holmes, Esq., the eminent Irish barrister. The eldest son, Christopher Temple Emmett, obtained a scholarship in Trinity College, Dublin, in 1778. He was called to the bar in Trinity Term 1781, being then under the age of twenty years, and possibly not more than nineteen. In Sept. 1784 he was married to Miss Anne Western Temple, both then residing in Stephen's Green, and very probably relatives. In 1786 Mr. C. J. Emmett lived at 29, York Street, Dublin. In 1787 he was appointed one of his Majesty's Counsel. I am not aware that there is any other instance of a man so young being appointed King's Counsel. He died in Feb. 1788, and his lady only survived him to the following November. The second son of Dr. Emmett, Thomas Addis Emmett, obtained a Scholarship in Trinity College, Dublin, in 1781. He was originally bred up as a physician, but afterwards in Michaelmas Term, 1790, got called to the bar. In January, 1791, he married a daughter of the Rev. Mr. Patten of the county of Tipperary. After the year 1798 he settled in America, where I believe his descendants still flourish. The third son, Robert Emmett, the Irish patriot, "whose ruling passion was a love of his country," entered Trinity College, Dublin, Oct. 7, 1793, at the age of fifteen years. S. N. R. DR. MOOR, PROF. YOUNG, AND THE POET GRAY. (2nd S. iii. 506.; iv. 35. 59. 196.) An octogenarian friend of mine, whose reminiscences of his schoolboy days at Glasgow are remarkably vivid, supports the assertion of your correspondent T. G. S. with regard to the authorship of the anonymous Criticism on the Elegy written in a Country Churchyard. My friend has a copy of the "second edit., Edinburgh, 1810;" and I well remember reading it with admiration some time since. Noticing on the title-page the following words, written by a former owner, "by Young, Professor of Greek in Glasgow," I inquired what was thought or surmised as to the authorship when my friend was there. He replied: "I always understood it was written by Young; I have often heard the subject discussed, and Young's name was always mentioned in connexion with it. I never heard the authorship ascribed to any other person." The Monthly Review for Sept. 1783 contains a brief notice of the first edition of this able work. The title given accords with that mentioned by J. O. The price is stated to be "23." The critique is as follows: "In this ironical imitation of Dr. Johnson, his atrabilious mode of criticising is more successfully imitated than his style of expression. Irony is a delicate weapon, which requires great skill to manage with dexterity. It is in this pamphlet sometimes used in so equivocal a manner, that it is difficult to guess whether the writer intends to be in jest or earnest." A writer in the Edinburgh Review for April, 1808, in reviewing Stockdale's Lectures on Eminent English Poets, speaks in the following high terms of this anonymous criticism : prejudices have already lost their authority. The refu"Johnson's true glory will live for ever; his violent tation of his errors, therefore, is not now called for. Of all that was ever written against him, there is but one worthy of being preserved as a literary curiosity; we mean the continuation of his criticism on Gray's Elegy, rate caricature of the unfairness of his strictures." being an admirable imitation of his style, and a tempe Perhaps this ardent praise of the work was the It is of course possible that Pr. Moor's connexion cause of its being soon after (1810) reprinted. with the work may have consisted merely in reprinting it. But, till it can be proved that the original work came from some other pen, surely the claim set up for Young cannot be so summarily set aside. The work is mentioned by Lowndes, but he Vox. makes no conjecture as to its authorship. SENSE OF PRE-EXISTENCE. (2nd S. iii. 50. 132.) Though this subject, started in Vol. ii. and pursued in Vol. iii., has been dropped, you may perhaps think it well to add the following little poem of Tennyson to what has been contributed about it. The sonnet does not appear in the recent editions of his collected poems. "As when with downcast eyes we muse and brood, To lapse far back in a confused dream If one but speaks or hems or stirs his chair, And each had lived in the other's mind and speech." |