said to grow at Hastings, Rye, and Pevensey, in Sussex; near Lyd and Walmer Castle, Kent; Sandown Beach, Hampshire; near Penzance; in Lincolnshire, Shetland, and Ireland; and probably in many other places.

Ray and Gerard called the plant Pisum marinum, Linnæus Pisum maritimus; but modern botanists have removed it to the genus Lathyrus, and it is now called Lathyrus maritimus.

The plant belongs to the natural order Leguminosa, popularly known by bearing what are called papilionaceous or butterfly-shaped flowers, and having a seed-vessel technically named a legume, of which the common pea is a well-known example.

The slight difference between the Geneva Pi-. sum and Lathyrus need not be explained, being only interesting to botanists. D. S. K.

Etymology of "Envelope" (2nd S. iv. 279.) Latin, involucrum, involvere; Low Latin, involpare; Italian, inviluppare, inviluppo; French, enveloppe; English, envelope. Involpare is on the authority of Bescherelle. If, among the learned correspondents of "N. & Q.," some one can furnish a satisfactory account of this word, it will remove the only difficulty in tracing envelope from involvere.

The Spanish envolver was in old Spanish envolcar, which, being of the first conjugation, brings us so much the nearer to involpare. But where can involpare have got its p? Is the p a modification of the second v in involvere? Very probably. Or is it from implicare, which may also have something to do with envolcar? Conf. Ital. involgere.

We are reminded by Dr. Richardson that the word envelope is spelt by Chaucer envolupe. Our forefathers, then, probably had the word direct from the Italian inviluppo, without the intervention of any French medium. Respecting carrenare, another word used by Chaucer, I have shown the same, (2nd S. iii. 299.).

THOMAS Boys.

John Spilsbury (2nd S. iv. 308.)-One of the ministers ejected on St. Bartholomew's Day, 1662, was John Spilsbury, of Bromsgrove, Worcestershire. His son for many years presided over a dissenting congregation at Kidderminster, and died (I believe) in 1727. The son of this last, Francis Spilsbury, was born in 1706, and was educated at Glasgow University. He was afterwards a dissenting minister at Kidderminster, Bromsgrove, and Worcester; and finally at Salters Hall, London. He died March 3, 1782. I have no doubt that your correspondent will find farther particulars in Wilson's History of Dissenting Churches, a book to which I have not, at pre

sent, access.

RESUPINUS.

Hunger in Hell (2nd S. iv. 331.)-In that extraordinary poem called "the Ten Commandments

"Here followeth the vi. paine of Hell. The vi. paine, said Lazarus, that I haue seene in Hell is in a vale a floud foule and stinking at the brim, in which was a table with towels right dishonestly, whereas gluttons beene fed with toads and other venomous beasts, and had to drinke of the water of the said floud."

The description is followed by a frightful woodcut, in which ugly devils are incessantly active in cramming down the throats of their prisoners toads and abominable things. These, with many other extraordinary tales, are contained in that very amusing and once popular work, The Kalender of Shepherds, printed by Caxton and all our early printers. It was used as an educational work to the time of Charles the First. My copy, fine and perfect, bears the date of 1631. To terrify the glutton it says

"The which bringeth every man and woman unto the kitchin of infernal gulf, there to be fed and made satiate with the devil, the chief cook of the kitchen of hell."

Over the Lord's Prayer is inscribed "Here followeth the history of the Pater Noster Row." In the wood-cut is the sentence "And lead vs not into temptation," while in the text the old translation is continued, "and let us not be led into temptation." G. OFFOR.

Hackney.

Locusts in England (2nd S. iv. 267.) — On the 16th August last, on returning from the morning service at our church, I found a locust settled on the door-post. It was of a bright green colour and about three inches in length. I captured the beautiful creature and confined it under a reversed finger-glass. The fumes of burned tobacco made it insensible for a time, but it recovered in a few hours, and the next day was permitted to fly away. M. G.

Cromer.

As no correspondent has noticed the remarks of MR. TAYLOR, I may be permitted to say that there is not the slightest reason for doubting that the insect in question is the true locust (Gryllus migratorius). I have one before me at this moment, which was picked up alive near this place (Sheffield) on September 6 last, about the time when others were met with in widely distant parts of the country: indeed one was exhibited at the recent meeting of the British Association which had just been found in the College grounds at

Dublin. With reference to the supposed identity of the insect in question with the "mole cricket," it is enough to say there is not even a slight resemblance. I make these remarks to prevent an utterly unfounded doubt as to the actual occurrence of the locust in England during the past summer from remaining without a corrective explanation in the pages of "N. & Q." H.

In the Gentleman's Magazine for August, 1748, is an engraving of a locust, numbers of which insect were found in St. James's Park and places adjacent in that year. See pp. 362. 377. ZEUS.

Ginevra Legend in England (2nd S. iv. 248.)In answer to G. W., the late Hon. Mrs. Cunliffe Offley told us the story, in 1811, of a lady hiding herself in an out-of-the-way chest, and found a skeleton many years after, as having taken place

at a house in Cheshire. I have heard the same story three or four times with different localities assigned. KLOF.

Eminent Artists who have been Scene-Painters

(2nd S. iii. 46. 477.)-To the names I have already adduced may be added those of Canaletto and his father Bernardo, who were scene-painters. Also George Chambers, marine painter to King William IV., who was scene-painter at the Pavilion Theatre. A short account of this artist will be found in Mr. Tom Taylor's Handbook to the Watercolours, &c., at the Manchester Art-Treasures Exhibition (pp. 11, 12.), where it is stated that "Chambers, like Stanfield and Roberts, followed the sea originally, as cabin-boy in a Whitby

coaster."

CUTHBERT Bede.

Havelock (2nd S. iv. 327.)-With regard to the name of "Gunter," rather slightingly mentioned by your correspondent under the above head, I have heard two derivations. 1st. From Günther, one of the heroes of the "Niebelungen Lied." 2. From Gant d'or, a Norman adventurer. Who was "King Gunter?" C. C. B.

Duke of Newburgh (2nd S. iv. 329.)-Surely the nobleman referred to was the Earl of Newburgh (so created by Charles II.), and who probably accompanied that monarch when forced to flee from England. The castle was most likely a chateau near Bruges in Flanders, where it is known that Charles held his court for some time, and where the house he occupied is still shown. Perhaps some one can inform me whether there is another "Bruges on the Rhine?" The only castle to be found within a circle of some miles of Bruges (Flanders) is that of the Count Louis de Mâle, one of the ancient counts of Flanders.

C. C. B. History of the Old and New Testament (2nd S. iv. 310.) It is proper to note that some attri

-

bute the French work under the assumed name of Royaumont to the famous Le Maistre de Sacy. I have an edition of L'Histoire du vieux et du nouveau Testament," which is put forth in the title page as "Par feu M. le Maistre de Saci, sous le nom du Sieur de Royaumont, Prieur de Sombreval." This edition is dated 1772. The work F. C. H. is tinged with Jansenism.

Scripture History (2nd S. iv. 308.)-A work which satisfies nearly all the conditions required by M., is entitled

"A brief Summary of the History and Doctrine of the Holy Scriptures. By the Right Rev. Dr. Milner, V. A., F. S. A. London: W. E. Andrews."

in all 286 pages. The following extract from the It is an octavo volume, in two parts, containing preface will convey a good idea of the nature of

the work.

"The Bible History for the use of Schools and Young Persons. By J. M. Capes, M. A. London: Burns and Lambert, 1850."

The author's design is thus explained in his preface:

of presenting the historical portions of the Holy Scrip

"The following work has been undertaken with a view

ture to the minds of the young in such a form as might be best suited to their comprehension, and apart from those critical remarks and reflections which, however admirable in themselves, are found to weaken the interest of the youthful mind in the progress of the sacred narrative." F. C. H.

M. will find the book of which I subjoin title and description answer his every purpose. It is without exception the most clear, succinct, and satisfactory epitome of sacred history I have ever met with, - Introductory Sketch of Sacred History, 8vo. pp. 201., Oxford and London, J. H. Parker.

JOHN SCRIBE.

First Sea-going Steamer (2nd S. iv. 296.)—As your present volume will contain some interesting information on this subject, I forward for publication therein a copy of an inscription which I recently made from a monument erected in the the memory of Lieut. Roberts, R. N., who was the churchyard of Passage, in the county of Cork, to first person who successfully navigated a steam vessel across the Atlantic.

"This stone commemorates in the churchyard of his native parish the merits and the premature death of the first officer under whose command a steam vessel ever

crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Undaunted bravery exhibited in the suppression of the slave traffic in the African seas, a character unequalled for enterprise and consummate skill in all the details of his profession, recommended for his arduous service Lieut. Richard Roberts, R. N.: in accomplishing it, he surpassed not only the wildest visions of former days, but even the warmest anticipations of the present, gave to science triumphs she had not dared to hope, and created an epoch for ever memorable in the history of his country and navigation. The thousands that shall follow in his tract must not forget who it was that first taught the world to traverse with such marvellous rapidity that highway of the ocean, and who in thus connecting by a voyage of a few days the Eastern and Western hemispheres, has for ever linked his name with the greatest achievements of navigation since Columbus first revealed Europe and America to each other. God having permitted him this high destination was pleased to decree that the leader of this great enterprise should also be its martyr. Lieut. Roberts perished with all on board his ship, the President,' when on her voyage from America to England, she was lost in the month of March, A. D. 1840. As the gallant seaman under whose guidance was accomplished an undertaking the results of which centuries will not exhaust, it is for his country, for the world to remember him. His widow, who erects this melancholy memorial, may be forgiven, if to her even these claims are lost in the recollection of that devotedness of attachment, that uprightness and kindliness of spirit, which, for alas! but three brief years, formed the light and joy of her existence." "British Queen," "Black Joke," "Sirius," " President." EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

79. Wood Street, Cheapside.

Blood that will not wash out (2nd S. iv. 260.) – In the border for the narrow causeway on the turnpike road between Newton and Winwick, Lancashire, is large stone, which from the days of Cromwell, as I know from traditions in my own family, has been called "The Bloody Stone." Tradition says it was laid down as a memorial of the battle of Red Bank, a pass about a quarter of a mile nearer Winwick, and that the bloody hue was imparted to it miraculously, as a mark of Heaven's displeasure against some reputed atrocities committed by Cromwell's soldiers in the Gallow's Croft, an eminence on the field of battle, where several prisoners were hung contrary to the articles of capitulation.

Few of the country people pass this "Bloody Stone" without casting their spittle upon it; and hence its appearance is frequently as if overflowed with blood; a deception which is owing, of course (as Bingley observes of the stones at Barnborough), "to its accidentally natural red tinge." WILLIAM BYROM.

Liverpool.

Ignez de Castro (2nd S. iv. 287.)- I am in possession of a copy of the play which is the subject of the query of W. M. M. It was printed at Lisbon in 1844, and was sent to my late father by a friend in Portugal, to replace a copy of an earlier edition of the same work that had been purchased at a bookstall in Lisbon more than fifty years ago,

ABHBA has given in a citation from the "Town Scolds in Carrickfergus (2nd S. iv. p. 167.)— Records of Carrickfergus what he chooses to style "a most wholesome regulation," dated "October, 1574," but which most readers will condemn as cruel and unmanly. However that may be, I advert to it principally for the purpose of putting a Query: Has ABHBA actually referred to the Records of Carrickfergus, and made from them that extract which he has communicated to "N. & Q."? It will not be disputed that fidelity of quotation is peculiarly requisite in the pages of a work now justly regarded as a high authority; neither can it be doubted that misquotations or incorrect statements would seriously impair its reputation. I, therefore, exempli gratiâ, proceed to adduce the evidence on which I impugn ABHBA'S quotation as not being, what it professes to be, an original extract from ancient records; but a most inaccurate, if not designedly altered, copy from the actual extract published long since by M'Skimin in his History and Antiquities of Carrickfergus, a valuable though concise topographical book, of which the second edition was published at Belfast, 1823, in 8vo. The first edition had appeared at the same place in 1811, and was only a 12mo. At p. 260. (of 2nd edition) M'Skimin says:

"The following extract from our records shows the archetype of a custom that continued for many years:

"October, 1574, ordered and agreede by the hole Court, that all manner of Skoldes which shal be openly detected of Skolding or evill wordes in manner of Skolding, and for the same shal be condemned before Mr. Maior

and his brethren shal be drawne at the Sterne of a boate in the water from the ende of the Pearl rounde abought the Queenes Majesties Castell in manner of ducking, and after when [p. 261.] a Cage shal be made the party so condemned for a Skold shal be therein punished at the discretion of the maior.""

M'Skimin (ib.) proceeds to tell us : —

linquents punished in the manner noticed; and that "It appears that a Cage was got soon after, and deregular lists were kept of all Scolds, and their names laid before the grand juries."

thority at hand to refer to, but I think it is under some of the Tithe Commutation Acts, by which the portion of rent-charge is receivable by the executor of a deceased to the date of his death; and the new incumbent, no matter when instituted, receives from the same date, and is chargeable at once for all demands. Though I cannot give a reference to the Act, I speak from experience in my own case. H. T. E., Rector.

Guelph Family (2nd S. iv. 189.)- STYLITES, assuming that the name of the royal family is Guelph, observes, in effect, that this name will not pass to the present Prince of Wales. STYLITES might have gone farther: for if Guelph was the family name, would not her Majesty have changed it at her marriage? In either case it might be asked, What is the family name that would be derived from the Prince Consort?

Upon this point I beg to refer to the article "Names, Proper," in the Penny Cyclopædia, where, after stating that an unchangeable surname has never been adopted by the royal House of England, the writer proceeds thus:

"In this respect the House of Brunswick is like the Houses of Saxe, Nassau, Bourbon, Orleans, and a few others, springing from the persons who were of prime note in that state of society when the rule was one person, one word,' and being afterwards too conspicuous by rank and station to need any such ordinary mode of distinction," &c.

I quote the passage, not so much for the purpose of deciding the question, as in the hope that if there is any doubt it may be cleared up.

MELETES.

Snake Charming (2nd S. iv. 350.)—It seems evident that the ancients were well aware that serpents might be charmed and rendered harmless by the influence of music. Virgil (Æn. vii. 753.) says of Umbro:

"Vipereo generi et graviter spirantibus hydris

Spargere qui somnos cantuque manuque solebat, Mulcebatque iras, et morsus arte levabat." Compare Virg. Ecl. viii. 71. and Ovid, Amor. ii. 1. 25. Pliny (Hist. Nat. vii. 2. 2.), after mentioning the Ophiogenes, a people of Asia Minor, who cured the bite of serpents, says:

"Similis et in Africâ gens Psyllorum fuit, ut Agatharchides scribit, a Psyllo rege dicta, cujus sepulcrum in parte Syrtium majorum est. Horum corpori ingenitum fuit virus, exitiale serpentibus et cujus odore sopirent eas."

bitten by the serpent." In Kitto's Cyclopædia of Biblical Literature, art. "Adder" (vol. i. p. 70.), it is asserted that the magicians of Egypt employed this art in converting their rods into serpents, as narrated in Exodus vii. 12.:

"We may infer that they used a real serpent as a rodnamely the species now called haje for their impos ture; since they no doubt did what the present serpentcharmers perform with the same species, by means of the temporary asphyxiation, or suspension of vitality, before noticed, and producing restoration to active life by libe rating or throwing down."

RESUPINUS.

"Printed

Bampfylde-Moore Carew (2nd S. iv. 330.)-To settle the question proposed by J. P. O. may perhaps be no easy undertaking. I do not venture to meddle with it, resting satisfied with the reference given to a former Note on the subject. As a contribution to the bibliography of the Apology, however, I may inform the inquirer that I have a copy now before me, of which the imprint runs thus: by R. Goadby, and sold by W. Owen, Bookseller, at Temple Bar, London." It is without date, and the preface also, unlike J. P. O.'s copy, is undated. It has not the Gipsy Glossary, nor the reference to Fielding, which J. P. O. mentions. Pages 17, 18. form part of a description of the natural productions of Maryland; and pp. 35-38. contain a portion of the political history of that country. I consider the copy I am describing as earlier than either of those cited in the columns of " N. & Q." It is in 8vo., and, besides the title and preface, runs from A to T inclusive, in fours. F. S. Q.

Bull Baiting (2nd S. iv. 351.) - MR. NORTH inquires if there be any remains in towns indicating the barbarous practice of bull-baiting having been carried on. In the town of Tetbury, Gloucestershire, there was a regular bull-ring, and the spot is still discernible in the middle of a large square, called the Chipping, where this diversion took place, and however popular it may have been, happily now, as Hamlet says

"it is a custom

Pharsalia, ix. 891-900.

The earliest mention of snake-charming is, of course, that in Psalm lviii. 6. The practice is also alluded to in Ecclesiastes x. 11., and in Jeremiah viii. 17. See Parkhurst's Hebrew Lexicon, under, where reference is made to Bochart, vol. iii. pp. 385. et seq. In Ecclus. xii. 13. the Son of Sirach uses ἐπαοιδὸς ὀφιόδηκτος for “ a charmer

"He'll keepe more stir with the Hobby Horse, than he did with the Pipers at Tedbury Bull-running." DELTA. Chronogram at Rome (2nd S. iv. 350.) — It is not apparent in what manner the inscription in

66

*This word, according to Bailey, is from the Saxon Cyppan, to cheapen; quasi dictum, a market or marketplace."