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General MICHAELIS. That is U.S. personnel only.

Mr. PAUL. How large is the KATUSA force attached to that?
General MICHAELIS. I have it here.

The KATUSA's allocated to all of 8th Army are authorized at [deleted.] We actually have, as of the 26th of January [deleted.]

The number in the 2d Division, may I supply that for the record? Mr. PAUL. Sure, that will be best. For the record make it clear, could you, what the KATUSA program is.

(The information referred to follows.)

KATUSA PERSONNEL ASSIGNED U.S. DIVISIONS-KOREA

As of 26 January 1970, the 2d U.S. Infantry Division was authorized [deleted] KATUSA's and had [deleted] assigned. As of the same date the 7th U.S. Infantry Division was authorized [deleted] KATUSA and had [deleted] assigned. General MICHAELIS. KATUSA is the short abbreviated title for Koreans assigned to the U.S. Army. They are totally integrated, and perform the same function as any of our personnel of equal rank and skill.

NUMBER OF U.S. PERSONNEL IN SUPPORT OF COMBAT DIVISIONS

Mr. PAUL. We have 24,000 Americans in the combat divisions. How many further American personnel support these two divisions, General, in other units?

General MICHAELIS. Well, we have such things as the Missile Command, Corp Artillery, there are many, many more combat troops and combat

Mr. PAUL. But one of the missile brigades is the Air Defense Brigade. I wouldn't call that-I would call that combat support for infantry divisions.

When people talk about combat divisions, it is not quite clear whether they should be talking about the 24,000 men who are actually in the divisions or the support forces that exist because the combat divisions are there, so I am asking in addition to the 24,000, how many people are in Korea because the divisions are there but are not actually in those units?

General MICHAELIS. In I Corps Group today there are [deleted] U.S. personnel. This figure includes Corps Artillery and Corps Aviation which are in direct combat support of the entire I Corps (group) area of responsibility.

The 8th Army Depot Command with headquarters at Taegu is primarily involved in wholesale supply and maintenance end of the equipment the United States has in the ROK.

At Pusan there are [deleted] personnel. This is a port and is also the location of an ammunition depot-051 is the military designation. Camp Carroll has [deleted] personnel. This is the primary maintenance facility within my command.

At Camp Humphries we have [deleted] U.S. personnel. This is where we have CH-47 medium helicopter company. Also the 20th General Support Group and various missile support activities are located here.

Mr. PAUL. That is not air defense missiles. Those are ground, surface-to-surface missiles.

General MICHAELIS. It is both. At Yongsan in Seoul we have [deleted] U.S. personnel which, as I mentioned previously, contains the various headquarters, special troops, support troops, the military advisory headquarters, communications elements, and a family housing

area.

General HOLDERNESS. Sir, let me go back to the previous question, maybe I misunderstood.

The Missile Command does not include the 38th Artillery Brigade. General MICHAELIS. No, the 4th Missile Command does not include the 38th. Camp Humphries handles missiles, fundamentally antiaircraft.

At Ascom/Inchon we have a depot and port complex with [deleted] U.S. personnel.

Mr. PAUL. I am not sure I got all the totals, so could I ask you the total?

General MICHAELIS. That would total up to

Mr. PAUL. Well, you can give us at that point what the total figure would be.

General MICHAELIS. The total for 8th Army, as of January 26, 1970, was 53,296 U.S. personnel.

Mr. PAUL. But some of this is devoted to air defense.

General MICHAELIS. Yes; the 38th Artillery Brigade.
Mr. PAUL. That is what, about 4,500, right?

General MICHAELIS. As of January 26, 1970 the brigade had [deleted] officers and [deleted] enlisted. These are U.S. personnel.

Mr. PAUL. So that would be the only group that might be said not to be in support of the infantry divisions.

General MICHAELIS. The 38th Artillery Brigade provides air defense for all of 8th Army. We also have the 4th Missile Command which is in support of the ROK's.

Mr. PAUL. How many are there, about [deleted], aren't there? General MICHAELIS. That is correct. U.S. personnel assigned are [deleted] officers, and [deleted] enlisted men.

Mr. PAUL. Just so the record is clear, could you supply us with a figure then that represents, when you do the subtractions of units that are not in support of the two combat divisions, what you come out with. If that were the figure you would get something like 48,000 men representing the divisions and the staff support. Whatever you want. to put in I would appreciate it.

General MICHAELIS. I will provide a breakout for the record. (The information referred to follows:)

SUPPORT ELEMENTS EIGHTH ARMY

Units in support of Eighth US Army (including 2d and 7th US Infantry Divisions) and other US/ROK Forces in the Republic of Korea are:

[blocks in formation]

1 Commands all Eighth Army Units; has operational control of Republic of Korea Army (about 500,000 troops).

2 Exercises direct command of the two US Divisions and other Corps Units; has operational control of following Republic of Korea Ground Forces: [deleted].

8 Provides Air Defense for the two divisions and all other US/ROK Forces in Korea; has operational control of [deleted].

+ Provides engineer support as required to the two US Divisions and to other US/ROK units under the command/operational control of I Corps Group.

5 Provides combat service support to the two US Divisions, Non-Divisional US Units in I Corps Group Area, and to all other US Army Forces in Korea. Provides ammunition support to all US Army Units in Korea and limited ammunition maintenance support to Republic of Korea Army.

Provides health service as required to the two US Divisions and to all US Forces in

Korea.

Provides depot service for all classes of supply, less ammunition, to the two US Divisions, and to other US/UN and ROK Forces.

HOW WAS DECISION MADE TO LEAVE TWO DIVISIONS IN KOREA?

Mr. PAUL. General Michaelis or Ambassador Porter, how did it happen that two divisions is the number of divisions that are now left from the phasedown over the years following the Korean War?

Mr. PORTER. In 1954 we withdrew five Army divisions and two corps headquarters, if I recall correctly. In 1954 a Marine division went out with some nondivisional units, and there was a total of about 250,000 men involved in those movements.

Why or how it was decided to hold that segment of the line and with the two divisions present, I am sorry, I cannot say.

Mr. PAUL. How long has it been at the two-division level?

Mr. PORTER. Since 1955, to the best of my knowledge.

Mr. PAUL. Could you give us what the total cost of the U.S. military presence in Korea has been for each of the last 3 years, including military pay?

Mr. PORTER. We can supply that for the record. (Theinformation referred to follows.)

COST OF UNITED STATES MILITARY PRESENCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

[blocks in formation]

Mr. PAUL. The support forces for the combat divisions that you were referring to a few minutes ago, General, must be approximately equal

in size to the combat division. I would say roughly from what we talked about that you have something in the neighborhood of 48,000 total, of which 24,000 are in the two divisions. Is this an unusually large support?

General MICHAELIS. Mr. Paul, I think I might try to clarify this. The support forces you are referring to as support for the two U.S. divisions also provides support for all other U.S. Army elements in the Republic of Korea armed forces.

For example, we provide POL support. Some equipment is processed through our support system.

General HOLDERNESS. Mr. Paul, let me also point out that the U.S. Air Force also gets their common supply items through the same logistic forces.

General MICHAELIS. I would say from my point of view it is a minimal support force for the functions carried on.

General TAYLOR. Air Defense also gets their support from the same depots.

Mr. PAUL. Could you say how many more combat divisions could be supported by the existing level of American support forces in Korea?

General MICHAELIS. I could not.

LOCATION OF U.S. DIVISIONS

Mr. PAUL. It might be too conjectural a question.

Now, the map shows that the two divisions are deployed on the DMZ in front of Seoul, is that correct?

General MICHAELIS. We have only one U.S. infantry division on the line.

Mr. PAUL. Where are they? You have one division on the line?
General MICHAELIS. Only one U.S. infantry division.

Mr. PAUL. Where is the other division?

General MICHAELIS. It is south and east. Do you have it on your map?

Mr. PAUL. I know what you mean.

What is in front of that division?

General MICHAELIS. The 7th U.S. Infantry Division?

Mr. PAUL. Yes.

General MICHAELIS. Basically, elements of the 2d U.S. Infantry Division are in front of the 7th Infantry Division. The 7th U.S. Infantry Division is the [deleted].

Mr. PAUL. There are no Republic of Korea forces in front of the 7th Division-the 7th is the reserve?

General MICHAELIS. The 25th ROKA Infantry Division [deleted] also has elements in front of the 7th U.S. Infantry Division.

Mr. PAUL. Are there some units in front of it?

General CAGWIN. Actually, there are elements of two ROKA infantry divisions in front of the 7th U.S. They are really abreast along the DMZ.

LENGTH OF TIME U.S. DIVISIONS HAVE BEEN IN THEIR PRESENT LOCATIONS

Mr. PAUL. How long have the American divisions or their predecessor divisions been in the positions they are in now?

General MICHAELIS. The current position was occupied by a U.S. Marine division and the 25th U.S. Infantry Division, when the armistice was signed. They in turn were withdrawn and ultimately one U.S. infantry division took over the front of the two U.S. divisions. The west coast has always been, since the beginning of the war, a U.S. operational area. We are there now because these are the same positions occupied by U.S. ground forces-this is where we stopped-when the armistice was signed.

REASONS FOR PRESENT LOCATIONS

Mr. PAUL. Well, is there any further reason why we are still in those particular positions in front of Seoul, where they are? Was there a conscious effort to see that American forces were positioned in this particular sector of the DMZ?

General MICHAELIS. No, I believe we are there simply because we were there in 1953 at the time of the armistice. During the war this was the critical approach to Seoul and, as you will recall, this is the route of invasion. It is still the most probable and logical route of invasion. Mr. PAUL. Well, is this continuing factor a factor in the reason why they are in this position?

General MICHAELIS. No, I think the best way to explain it is if you tried to move the U.S. forces you would have to build another complete complex for the division. The estimate to build a new division complex, wherein the Republic of Korea makes little difference, would be approximately $100 million.

PERCENTAGE OF AMERICANS THAT ARE DRAFTEES

Mr. PAUL. What percentage of the men in these divisions are draftees?

General MICHAELIS. General Cagwin could you answer that?

General CAGWIN. I would say about 98 percent. We will getGeneral MICHAELIS. We will provide the figures for the record. Do you wish the commissioned and noncommissioned officers included? Mr. PAUL. I mean of the enlisted men.

General MICHAELIS. I will provide the figures for the record.
Mr. PAUL. All right.

(The information referred to follows:)

PERCENTAGE OF DRAFTEES U.S. INFANTRY DIVISIONS-KOREA

Approximately 40% of the enlisted personnel in the 2d and 7th U.S. Infantry Divisions were draftees.1

DO U.S. ARMED FORCES DEFEND A LINE OF KOREAN NATURE ANYWHERE OTHER THAN IN VIETNAM?

Mr. PAUL. Outside of Vietnam, General Michaelis, is this the only place in the world where the U.S. Armed Forces have this kind of responsibility of defending a line of this nature?

General MICHAELIS. I believe there are two places, other than Vietnam, where we are in direct confrontation, Berlin and Korea.

1 As of end of 1969.

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