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Nations Command to conclude an armistice agreement. We hereby affirm our determination fully and faithfully to carry out the terms of that armistice. We expect that the other parties to the agreement will likewise scrupulously observe its terms.

The task ahead is not an easy one. We will support the efforts of the United Nations to bring about an equitable settlement in Korea based on the principles which have long been established by the United Nations, and which call for a united, independent and democratic Korea. We will support the United Nations in its efforts to assist the people of Korea in repairing the ravages of war.

We declare again our faith in the principles and purposes of the United Nations, our consciousness of our continuing responsibilities in Korea, and our determination in good faith to seek a settlement of the Korea problem. We affirm, in the interests of world peace, that if there is a renewal of the armed attack, challenging again the principles of the United Nations, we should again be united and prompt to resist. The consequences of such a breach of the armistice would be so grave that, in all probability, it would not be possible to confine hostilities within the frontiers of Korea.

Finally, we are of the opinion that the armistice must not result in jeopardizing the restoration or the safeguarding of peace in any other part of Asia.

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VIII-RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED ON THE REPORTS OF THE AD HOC POLITICAL

COMMITTEE

293 (IV). THE PROBLEM OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF KOREA

The General Assembly,

1

Having regard to its resolutions 112 (II) 1 of 14 November 1947 and 195 (III) of 12 December 1948 concerning the problem of the independence of Korea. Having considered the report of the United Nations Commission on Korea, and having taken note of the conclusions reached therein,

3

Mindful of the fact that, due to difficulties referred to in the report of the Commission, the objectives set forth in the resolutions referred to have not been fully accomplished, and in particular that the unification of Korea and the removal of barriers to economic, social and other friendly intercourse caused by the division of Korea have not yet been achieved,

Having noted that the Commission has observed and verified the withdrawal of United States occupation forces, but that it has not been accorded the opportunity to observe or verify the reported withdrawal of Soviet occupation forces,

Recalling its declaration of 12 December 1948 that there has been established a lawful government (the Government of the Republic of Korea) having effective control and jurisdiction over that part of Korea where the United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea was able to observe and consult and in which the great majority of the people of Korea reside; that this Government is based on elections which were a valid expression of the free will of the electorate of that part of Korea and which were observed by the Temporary Commission; and that this is the only such Government in Korea.

1 See Official Records of the second session of the General Assembly, Resolutions, page 16. 2 See Official Records of the third session of the General Assembly, Part I, Resolutions, page 25. See Official Records of the fourth session of the General Assembly, Supplement No. 9, volumes I and II.

Concerned lest the situation described by the Commission in its report menace the safety and well-being of the Republic of Korea and of the people of Korea and lead to open military conflict in Korea.

1. Resolves that the United Nations Commission on Korea shall continue in being with the following membership: Australia, China, El Salvador, France, India, Philippines and Turkey and, having in mind the objectives set forth in the General Assembly resolutions of 14 November 1947 and 12 December 1948 and also the status of the Government of the Republic of Korea as defined in the latter resolution, shall:

(a) Observe and report any developments which might lead to or otherwise involve military conflict in Korea;

(b) Seek to facilitate the removal of barriers to economic, social and other friendly intercourse caused by the division of Korea; and make available its good offices and be prepared to assist, whenever in its judgment a favourable opportunity arises, in bringing about the unification of Korea in accordance with the principles laid down by the General Assembly in the resolution of 14 November 1947;

(c) Having authority, in order to accomplish the aims defined under subparagraphs (a) and (b) of the present paragraph, in its discretion to appoint observers, and to utilize the services and good offices of one or more persons whether or not representatives on the Commission;

(d) Be available for observation and consultation throughout Korea in the continuing development of representative government based on the freelyexpressed will of the people, including elections of national scope;

(e) Verify the withdrawal of Soviet occupation forces in so far as it is in a position to do so;

2. Decides that the Commission:

(a) Shall meet in Korea within thirty days from the date of the present resolution;

(b) Shall continue to maintain its seat in Korea;

(c) Is authorized to travel, consult and observe throughout Korea;

(d) Shall continue to determine its own procedures;

(e) May consult with the Interim Committee of the General Assembly (if it be continued) with respect to the discharge of its duties in the light of developments and within the terms of the present resolution;

(f) Shall render a report to the next regular session of the General Assembly and to any prior special session which might be called to consider the subject matter of the present resolution, and shall render such interim reports as it may deem appropriate to the Secretary-General for transmission to Member; (g) Shall remain in existence pending a new decision by the General Assembly; 3. Calls upon Member States, the Government of the Republic of Korea, and all Koreans to afford every assistance and facility to the Commission in the fulfilment of its responsibilities, and to refrain from any acts derogatory to the purposes of the present resolution;

4. Requests the Secretary-General to provide the Commission with adequate staff and facilities, including technical advisers and observers as required; and authorizes the Secretary-General to pay the expenses and per diem of a representative and an alternate from each of the States members of the Commission and of such persons as may be appointed in accordance with paragraph 1 (c) of the present resolution.

233rd plenary meeting,

21 October 1949.

APPENDIX No. 16

KOREAN-U.S. JOINT COMMUNIQUE

(Issued at Seoul, February 15, 1968)

President Park received Mr. Cyrus R. Vance, Special Envoy of the President of the United States of America, on February 12 and February 15, 1968. Mr. Vance conveyed to President Park the very warm greetings of President Johnson. The cordial and sincere conservations between President Park and Mr. Vance were carried on with the participation of the Prime Minister, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of National Defense, and other high officials

of the government. The American Ambassador William J. Porter and Gene C. H. Bonesteel, Commander-in-Chief of the United Nations Command, a participated. Mr. Vance had a series of talks with the Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of National Defense, the Minister Public Information, and other high officials of the Korean government.

President Park and Mr. Vance fully exchanged views concerning the grave si ation that has arisen as a result of the increasingly aggressive and violent acti of the North Korean Communists over the past fourteen months in violation the Armistice Agreement, and most recently the attack directed at the offic residence of the President and the illegal seizure of the USS Pueblo in inter tional waters. They agreed that these actions must be condemned by all civiliz peoples. They also agreed that these aggressive actions seriously jeopardize t security of this area and, if persisted in, can lead to renewed hostilities in Kor While reaffirming the sincere desire of their countries for a peaceful solution these problems in accordance with the principles of the United Nations Chart they agreed that, if such aggression continued, the two countries would promp determine what action should be taken under the Mutual Defense Treaty betwe the Republic of Korea and the United States. They reaffirmed the commitme of the two countries to undertake immediate consultations whenever the securi of the Republic of Korea is threatened. They noted the extraordinary measur which have been and are being taken to strengthen the Korean and Americ Forces in this area so as to leave them in a state of readiness to deal with a contingency which might arise.

The two governments agreed that annual meetings would be held at the mi isterial level of the Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of Korea a the Department of Defense of the United States to discuss and consult on defen and security matters of mutual interest and common concern.

President Park expressed his appreciation to President Johnson for his qui action in recommending to the United States Congress an additional 100,000,00 dollars of United States military assistance to the Republic of Korea. Preside Park and Mr. Vance recognized the need for continuing modernization of th armed forces of the Republic of Korea. They also discussed the subject of su plying small arms to the Korean veterans forces in order to strengthen furthe the defense capabilities of the Republic of Korea. They agreed that a meeting Republic of Korea and United States military experts should be held in the nea future to discuss the specific items to be included within the amount mentione above and military assistance matters in general.

APPENDIX II

STATEMENT OF GENERAL J. H. MICHAELIS, USA, COMMANDER IN CHIEF, UNITE NATIONS COMMAND, COMMANDER, UNITED STATES FORCES, KOREA, COMMANDIN GENERAL, EIGHTH UNITED STATES ARMY, BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON UNITE STATES SECURITY, AGREEMENTS AND COMMITMENTS ABROAD, OF THE SENAT FOREIGN RELATIONS COMMITTEE, FEBRUARY 1970

Mr. Chairman:

Gentlemen, it is a privilege to appear before this distinguished committee. have prepared this introductory statement to explain briefly-my role in Korea North Korea's Dictator, Kim II Sung, possessing the fourth largest Communis Army in the world and a large jet air force characterized by its modernity, ha repeatedly stated his objectives as:

The removal of all U.S. troops from South Korea and disruption of U.S. Republic of Korea relations.

Reverse Republic of Korea economic development and foster politica instability.

At the appropirate time complement subversive warfare activity with conven tional operations to unify Korea.

My mission then, simply stated, is to insure maintenance of the Armistice or in other words, to keep the peace and to be prepared to deter aggression from the north.

To accomplish this mission I wear three hats.

As Commander in Chief United, Nations Command (CINCUNC), under agree ment of 26 May 1961, I have operational control of the Republic of Korea Armed

Forces, a force of approximately 600,000. This authority is granted to-and I quote "only to defend the Republic of Korea from Communist aggression." I exercise this control through the United Nations Command component commanders, and as CINCUNC I report to the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, the executive agent for the United Nations, resulting from a resolution of the United Nations Security Council of 7 July 1950.

My second hat is that of the Commander, United States Forces, Korea (COMUSK)—a planning and coordinating staff only-. In this role I report to the Commander in Chief, Pacific (CINCPAC). AS CINCUNC and Commander, U.S. Forces Korea I have no operational control of U.S. Forces stationed in Korea.

Thirdly, wearing the hat of the Commanding General, Eighth United States Army, I report to the Commander in Chief, United States Army, Pacific (CINCUSARPAC), and have command of a military force of approximately

60,000.

I should state that my operational control over the Republic of Korea Armed Forces and the effective way in which it is administered has helped to maintain stability in the Peninsula. This is a fundamental reason why CINCUNC should retain operational control of the Republic of Korea and other United Nations Armed Forces.

It is a pleasure to appear before you and I am prepared to respond to your questions. Thank you.

Security threat [deleted.]

Comparisons between the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (NK) are:

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Approximately 87% of the South Korean draft age males enter the Army. The ROK Military Service Act prescribes two years service in the Army under conditions and this service can be extended for one year. The current period of service is three years.

As of 1 January 1970:

Approximate number of Korean males eligible (21-35)
Approximate number of Korean males medically disqualified_
Approximate number of Korean males otherwise disqualified or
deferred

Balance

Approximate number of males of draft age going into Army--

379, 000

53, 000

51, 000 274,000

238, 400

North Korea, with a population of little more than thirteen million, maintains the fourth largest army in the Communist world-highly trained and rigidly disciplined. [Deleted.]

The Republic of Korea, with a population of about thirty-two million, maintains the third largest army in the free world. [Deleted.]

The Republic of Korea Air Force is at a decided qualitative disadvantage compared with the North Korean Air Force.

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The F-4D's are the only aircraft in the Republic of Korea Air Force capable of countering the North Korean MIG-21's. The F-5 performance limitations in speed and altitude seriously limit its counter-MIG-21 capability, except at altitudes below approximately [deleted] feet. However, the F-5 has superior performance when compared to the MIG-15/17's, and the Republic of Korea F-86's have performance comparable to the MIG-15/17's. [Deleted.]

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Note: During 1968 there was a total of 542 incidents occurring in Zone 1, 96 incidents in Zone II, and 123 incidents in Zone III.

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Note: During 1969 there was a total of 99 incidents occurring in Zone 1, 13 incidents in Zone II, and 26 incidents in Zone III.

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During 1970, thus far, there has been one incident. On 12 February, in Zone 1, a North Korean Guard Post placed harassing fire upon a Republic of Korea Guard Post. There were no casualties.

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