Senator SYMINGTON. By State or Defense. Mr. BADER. A combination of the two. Senator SYMINGTON. At what level was it decided? Mr. BADER. In the Department of Defense at the Secretary of Defense level. Senator SYMINGTON. And in the Department of State, the Secretary of State's level? Mr. BADER. I believe at the Secretary of State level. Senator SYMINGTON. To the best of your knowledge, the [deleted] are all that are left that we planned or agreed to give them? Mr. BADER. Yes, sir. Senator SYMINGTON. Thank you. Mr. NEWSOM. The last agreement came out of discussions, Mr. Chairman, which took place during the Emperor's visit here. Senator SYMINGTON. They always do. Mr. NEWSOM. Last summer. EMPEROR SEEKS MORE U.S. ASSISTANCE Senator SYMINGTON. This is the place to come when you want to get assistance. What did he get on this trip that he just made to Moscow? Mr. NEWSOM. We don't know, Mr. Chairman. [Deleted.] Senator SYMINGTON. The custom all over the world, and I say this in complete seriousness, has been to milk us as much as you can and then when we can't be milked any further to turn to the new cow. Therefore, I was wondering if the Emperor was dissatisfied with what we had given Ethiopia and thus was trying to get additional materiel from the Soviet Union. Do you know about that? Mr. NEWSOM. We have no indication, Mr. Chairman, that he is trying to get any additional equipment from the Soviet Union at this time. Senator SYMINGTON. Mr. Holt points out for the fiscal year 1971 planned military assistance for Ethiopia, [deleted] million, would equal almost [deleted] of all Africa $18.6 million. For [deleted] C-119's, and [deleted] dollars there must be something added to that, isn't there. Mr. BADER. My reference was to the C-119, Senator, you asked was there anything else we had promised. Senator SYMINGTON. Here is a figure of $ [deleted] million planned for fiscal 1971. Mr. BADER. That is right. C-119 AIRCRAFT Senator SYMINGTON. What does that consist of? Mr. BADER. I will give you the details of that. We have, you are familiar with the generic breakdown, we normally give, proposed fiscal year 1971 for aircraft including spares is $[deleted] million. Ships including spares, and entirely spares, in this case Senator SYMINGTON. I can promise you one thing [deleted] C-119's are not worth $[deleted] million today. Mr. BADER. [Deleted] C-119's [deleted] are worth $[deleted] million to MAP. it. Senator SYMINGTON. That has to do with their original cost, doesn't Mr. BADER. That is what it costs us to rehab them. These are the [deleted] version and what the military assistance program has to pay for a C-119 [deleted] delivered in Ethiopia. Senator SYMINGTON. [Deleted.] If you move them the Defense Department ought to take the writeoff. [Deleted.] Mr. BADER. [Deleted.] It has to be rehabbed, it has to be put into like new condition and the Defense Department must do that. Senator SYMINGTON. Who does the work? Mr. BADER. Well, the Defense Department does it or we farm it out but through our auspices. Senator SYMINGTON. Who decides how much it is going to cost? Mr. BADER. If it is a private commercial manufacturer that is doing it, it is negotiated. Senator SYMINGTON. What was the original price of the C-119, do you know? Mr. BADER. No, sir, I don't know. Senator SYMINGTON. One of the first jobs I had was to sell those C-54's you talked about back to private enterprise and I still shudder at the price from the standpoint of the taxpayer. But this is a pretty simple matter inasmuch as they don't put up any money for these C-119's-it is just an interoffice operation, is it not? Mr. BADER. Inter-DOD operation, yes, sir, but there are normally charges for rehabilitation of the equipment. Senator SYMINGTON. Yes. Thank you. ITEMS INCLUDED IN MAP PROGRAM I am still not sure what the $[deleted] million consists of. Senator SYMINGTON. Yes. You mentioned the planes at $[deleted] million and that is all that you told us in addition to the $[deleted]. Mr. BADER. $[deleted] for ship spares. $[deleted] million of vehicles and weapons including spares and those mostly attrition vehicles and follow-on spares, [deleted] million dollars in ammunition. No missiles. Senator SYMINGTON. No missiles. Mr. BADER. No, sir. No missiles. $[Deleted] in communications equipment and including spares, $[deleted] in other equipment and supplies. $[Deleted] in repair and rehab of equipment, $[deleted] in supply operations, that is the cost to transport the equipment. $[Deleted] in technical assistance, [deleted] in training support and [deleted] million in training. Senator SYMINGTON. That is a good summary. I would respectfully present to you that is more than $[deleted] plus [deleted] C-119's. My question was what do you do beyond 1970? Mr. BADER. I am sorry, I misunderstood your question, Senator. This continues to be an on-going program. Senator SYMINGTON. That is all right. Mr. Secretary, would you say that this is, in effect, payment of rent in order to keep this unit going [deleted.] Mr. NEWSOM. [Deleted.] We have always considered, [deleted,] that the general importance to us of the Emperor, of the key position of Ethiopia, the need to keep it friendly in the total African context were justification for our programs in Ethiopia. SOVIET AID TO SOMALIA AND ETHIOPIA Senator SYMINGTON. I heard the Emperor was pretty critical of the Cambodian venture. This is your part of the world. Why was that— if we are doing so much for him? Mr. NEWSOM. Well, Mr. Chairman, until we have fuller information on the Emperor's talks with the Soviets, I really am not sure I can say what may have motivated him to participate in this communique. He has always sought to maintain a nonalined posture in world affairs. Senator SYMINGTON. You know you always get into this chicken or egg business when it comes to military aid. Do you think that maybe one of the reasons that the Soviets began giving aid to Somalia was in response to our increase of aid to Ethiopia. Mr. NEWSOM. No, Mr. Chairman. The Somalis were casting about for military assistance from the day that they became independent. [Deleted.] Senator SYMINGTON. Why didn't we give aid to Somalia, too, we give it to everybody else when they ask for it. Mr. NEWSOM. [Deleted.] Senator SYMINGTON. Was that not done at the advice of the Emperor Mr. NEWSOM. We were certainly aware of his views in reaching this decision. Senator SYMINGTON (continuing). when it came to Eritrea becoming consolidated into Ethiopia? Didn't you gloss over that a bit in your statement? Mr. NEWSOM. [Deleted]. Senator SYMINGTON. Reading your statement it sounded a little like the Eritreans were pleading with King Halie Selassie to take them over. That is not the way I understand the story. Mr. NEWSOM. I anticipated, Mr. Chairman, that I would have an opportunity to elaborate on some aspects of my statement. Senator SYMINGTON. Incidentally, have you a declassified statement, too? Mr. NEWSOм. I understand that will be worked out. Senator SYMINGTON. Generally when we have witnesses who come up in other committees I am on, they have a classified and declassified statement. Would you see that we get a declassified statement as soon as possible? Mr. NEWSOM. Yes, Mr. Chairman. ERITREAN LIBERATION MOVEMENT Senator SYMINGTON. I heard in the Middle East that this Eritrean Government in absentia in Syria was a pretty effective working group. Would you care to comment on that? Mr. NEWSOM. Yes. Mr. Chairman, the Eritrean Liberation Movement, which began with the amalgamation of two political organizations which were active during the British military occupation of Eritrea, has been an incipient insurgency force in Eritrea for a number of years. It has become more active in the last few years and it has gained some support, both in terms of supplies and equipment and in terms of propaganda-I was describing the background and support for the Eritrean Liberation Movement, Senator. The more extremist Arab States, Syria and Iraq particularly, working through the Republic of South Yemen, have provided support to the Eritrean Liberation Movement. [Deleted.] In addition, there has been on the ground in Eritrea an increase in activities largely by small bands, or bands of somewhere between 50 and 100 men, that has been operating largely in the northern part of the province. Senator SYMINGTON. Do they operate under the direction of the people in Syria? Mr. NEWSOM. The headquarters of this movement are actually in [deleted] different places, and I am not sure that we know precisely where the main direction is from. [Deleted.] PLANS FOR FUTURE MILITARY ASSISTANCE Senator SYMINGTON. Now, summing up, as I understand it, you had the 1960, 1962, 1963, and 1964 agreements, each of which has resulted in more military aid of some sort to the Emperor. Also last summer there was an agreement [deleted]. Mr. NEWSOM. [Deleted.] Senator SYMINGTON. The total is $375 million that we have givenall except $40 million has been given since 1961. Mr. BADER. Were you referring to military assistance, Senator? Senator SYMINGTON. Military and economic. The military is $147 million plus the [deleted] you say that is now planned, that is [deleted]. Mr. BADER. Yes, sir. Senator SYMINGTON. Have you worked out your figures yet for the fiscal 1972 arrangements? Mr. BADER. We are still considering those figures. Senator SYMINGTON. Do you plan to give more military aid to Ethiopia? Mr. BADER. Expecting to? Senator SYMINGTON. Yes. Mr. BADER. We are expecting to. Senator SYMINGTON. Of what type and character? Mr. BADER. Essentially the same as the last. Senator SYMINGTON. Planes, ammunition. Mr. BADER. No, sir; essentially a force maintenance program, excepting the C-119s. By that I mean cost to support the attrition replacements and spare parts of weapons and vehicles already provided. Senator SYMINGTON. I see. Mr. Newsom, would you supply for the record at this point a more complete analysis of what the Emperor said when he left Moscow yesterday or the day before, why he went, and why he is so opposed to the Vietnam war? If we are giving him all this aid then we should know something of his statements. Mr. NEWSOM. I will, Mr. Chairman. As I say we don't yet have any other than the press remarks. 35-205-70-pt. 8- -3 Senator SYMINGTON. My remark is based on that. Senator SYMINGTON. Right. (The information referred to follows:) EMPEROR'S VISIT TO Moscow The visit to Moscow was part of a fairly extensive tour by the Emperor. On his schedule, in addition to the Moscow visit, were stops at Tokyo, Paris, Cairo, Nairobi, and Khartoum. There has been speculation in the press that the Emperor stopped in Moscow to seek an end to foreign support to the Eritrean Liberation Front. Some have speculated that the Emperor made a few rhetorical concessions to the Soviets in the joint statement to achieve this end. The joint statement is judged moderate in tone. On Indo-China, the statement calls for "unconditional withdrawal of foreign troops." On the Middle East, the statement supports United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 and calls for the withdrawal of Israeli forces from occupied Arab territories. Both sides endorse general and complete disarmament under strict international controls and the declaration of Africa as a nuclear-free zone. There is the usual call for an end to colonialism and neo-colonialism. The regimes of southern Africa are denounced for their racist policies. The statement suggests Ethiopia will make greater use of a Soviet economic assistance credit granted nearly ten years ago and will consider establishment of direct air links between Moscow and Addis Ababa. The text of the Ethiopian-Soviet Union joint statement issued June 1, 1970 at the end of the Emperor's visit, according to an unofficial translation from Pravda, is as follows: "N. V. Podgorny, President of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, and Emperor Haile Selassie I were gratified to note that relations between the Soviet Union and Ethiopia were of a friendly nature and developed on the basis of complete equality, mutual respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, national independence and non-interference in each other's domestic affairs. They also pointed out that there existed all the conditions necessary for the development of these relations and re-affirmed their desire to strengthen and extend Soviet-Ethiopian cooperation, politically, economically, commercially, and culturally, in the interests of the peoples of the two countries, the cause of peace in Africa and the world over. "An agreement was reached that the Soviet Government would send a group of experts to Ethiopia for a further joint study, with corresponding Ethiopian representatives, of ways and means of extending cooperation between the two countries. The Ethiopian side said that they were ready to come to a positive decision about the question of establishing direct air communications between Moscow and Addis Ababa. "During the exchange of opinions it was established that the viewpoints of both sides were close or coincided on many vital problems in the present international situation. They expressed their determination to work together with other peaceable countries to reduce international tension, strengthen peace and prevent the threat of another world conflict, against the forces of aggression and any manifestations of colonialism and neo-colonialism. "The Soviet Union and Ethiopia are coming out for increasing the efficacy of the United Nations in the solution of international problems on the basis of a strict observance of the principles of its Charter. They consider that discussion at the coming 25th UN General Assembly session about measures for strengthening international security and the adoption of a concrete decision on that score would promote the prestige of the UN and conform to the interests of all states, great and small. "Both parties come out for a peaceful settlement of existing problems among states, including territorial and frontier issues, and the refusal to use force or a threat of force in the settlement of international disputes. "Both sides expressed their concern in connection with the continuing foreign intervention in Vietnam which is seriously worsening the international situation. They also pointed out the dangerous situation which has developed in SouthEast Asia in connection with the recent events in Cambodia. They called for the unconditional withdrawal of foreign troops from Indochina and supported the inseparable right of nations in that area to shape their own future. |