...heard in public unless otherwise provided for by law. The accused has the right to defence. ARTICLE 77 Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use...languages in court proceedings. The people's courts are to provide interpretation for any party unacquainted with the spoken or written language commonly used...

...OF THE PRC (Sept. 20, 1954), p. 26] Article 77. Citizens of the various nationality groups shall all have the right to use their own spoken and written languages in conducting litigation. People's courts shall interpret for a party who is unacquainted with the spoken...

...the courts. This is what Article 77 of the Constitution of the Chinese Democratic Republic says : " Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use their own spoken and written languages in judicial proceedings. The people's courts are required to provide interpretation for any party unacquainted...

...except those involving special circumstances as prescribed by law. The accused has the right to defence. Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use their own spoken and written languages in judicial proceedings. The people's courts are required to provide interpretation for any party unacquainted...

...involving special circumstances as prescribed by law. The accused has the right to defence. Article 77 Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use their own spoken and written languages in judicial proceedings. The people's courts are required to provide interpretation for any party unacquainted...

...heard in public unless otherwise provided for by law. The accused has the right to defence. Article 77 Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use...languages in court proceedings. The people's courts are to provide interpretation for any party unacquainted with the spoken or written language commonly used...

...spoken and written languages in court proceedings. The people's courts are to provide interpretation for any party unacquainted with the spoken or written...language commonly used in the locality. In an area where people of national minorities live in compact communities or where a number of nationalities...

...religious belief, education, property status, or length of residence. No privilege is allowed. Article 6. Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use...languages in court proceedings. The people's courts should provide interpreter services to the parties concerned who do not understand the local spoken...

...approve the regulations drawn up by local authorities. The state promised that all nationalities would have the right to use their own spoken and written languages in court proceedings and that courts would be required to provide interpreters for any party unacquainted with the spoken...

...explicit, however, than those contained in the 1954 constitution that it replaced, which declared: "Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use...any party unacquainted with the spoken or written languages commonly used in the locality. In an area entirely or largely inhabited by a minority or...