The gas supply is piped from the Kinsui fields in Taichu Province.

Kagi Park is about a mile to the east of the railroad station and has an area of about 20 acres. Sarasvati's shrine is in the park. Just to the east is the Kagi Shrine dedicated to the Japanese Prince Kitashirakawa and to three deities. The Goho Shrine is a little to the southeast at the entrance to the village of Chuhosho, and is dedicated to Goho (Wu Feng), who in 1722 died at the hands of the aborigi nes in a voluntary effort to get them to cease the practice of head-hunting. After his death an epidemic happened to sweep the aborigines, who interpreted it as a divine punishment for beheading this Chinese who had attempted to be their friend.

About 1.7 miles to the south of Kagi, near the railroad, is the tower marking the Tropic of Cancer. This point is at 23°27'4'' North Latitude and 120°24′15" East Longitude. 3. The gai and sho. a. Banro-sho.

Population 1935: 7,295, of whom 36 were Japanese. Administrative seat: reported to be at Koden, but may be at Banro.

Post office: at Kagi City to the west.
Police station: at Shokko.

Schools: a primary school for Formosan-Chinese at Banro.

Doctors, 1939: none reported.

Transportation: Shokko, in the southeastern part of the sho is the terminus of a pushcar line running east from Kagi City. A poor road runs from Banro to Kagi.

Special features: The sho, with the exception of the western border, is mountainous, the eastern part being aborigine lands. There is some manufacturing of bamboo paper. A Buddhist shrine is on Mt. Hantengan.

b. Chikuzaki-sho (Takezaki-sho).

Population 1935: 20,919, of whom 338 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Chikuzaki.

Post office: at Chikuzaki.

Police stations: at Gasekiho, Naihoshi, Fukuteikin and Wankyo.

Schools: primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Chikuzaki, Naihoshi, and Rokumasan; primary schools for Japanese at Chikuzaki and Kunkiko.

Doctors, 1939: two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Chikuzaki, four at Naihoshi, and one at Wankyo; a Japanese doctor at Kunkiko.

Transportation: the Arisan railroad line from Kagi has stations in the sho at Wankyo, Rokumasan, Chikuzaki, Suisharyo and Bankiko. A branch links Naihoshi with Wankyo. A secondary road from Kagi terminates at Chikuzaki, from whence trails run in several directions.

Sho production: About 1936, rice, sugarcane, sweet potatoes, jute and peanuts were valued at ¥900,000, and fruits at ¥130,000. A bamboo forest of about 25,000 acres is at Koryokuhei with an annual production in 1936 of ¥300,000. A small coal mine is said to be on the edge of Lake Banki. Lumber, charcoal, and firewood are produced in the sho. Business firms: small establishments producing flour, bricks, bamboo paper, and gold and silver metal-work.

Special features: the eastern part of the sho is moun

Doctors, 1939: two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Choroku, one at Chuho.

Transportation: a pushcar line runs from Toshikyaku northwest through Chuho to Kagi. From Toshikyaku a branch is reported to run north to Dokko in Banro-sho.

Sho production: about 1936, rice was valued at ¥400,000. Special features: The Toshikyaku oil field is a little south of Toshikyaku and is reported to cover an area of about 1,500 acres. Production is not thought to be large.

A small central plain is surrounded by foothills, and in the eastern part are mountains.

An old Chinese temple that was rebuilt for the fourth time in 1931 is in Shako, and is operated by Kagi-gun. d. Keiko-sho.

Population 1935: 12,703, of whom 34 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Keiko.

Post office: served by three post offices outside the sho: Tairin, Tonan, and Shinko.

Police station: at Keiko.

Doctors, 1939: 2 Formosan-Chinese at Keiko. Schools: a primary school for Formosan-Chinese at Keiko.

Transportation: a sugar company railroad traverses the sho, running from Tairin on the east to Shinko on the southeast. The main government railroad touches the sho on the east, but has no station in the sho.

A secondary road runs from Kagi northwest to Keiko and then northeast to Tonan. Another secondary road parallels the sugar railway line.

Sho budget, 1934: ¥22,085. Sho area: 17.4 square miles.

Special features: Keiko-sho is on the plains and has a greater density of population than any other sho in Kagigun. The Keiko Credit Association is in the sho. e. Koume-sho.

Population 1935, 14,820, of whom 50 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Koume.

Post office at Koume.

Police stations: at Ganrimi, Koume, Taihei, and Yoharin.

Schools: primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Koume, Shomoju, and Taihei.

Transportation: A Japan Sugar Co. railroad runs from Koume west to Tairin, on the government railroad. A road parallels the railroad and another road runs north to Toroku.

Special features: the eastern part of the sho is mountainous. The Kashi Forest is in the sho, and may be part of the afforestation program of the Showa, Mitsubishi, and

Hoshi companies. A small coal mine is said to be at Kashirin.

f. Mizukami-sho.

Population 1935, 18,932 of whom 528 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Mizukami.

Post office: at Nansei.

Police stations: at Mizukami, Nansei, Ryushirin, and Sankaiho.

Schools: a primary school for Formosan-Chinese at Mizukami, and a primary and higher primary school at Nansei, where 396 Japanese resided.

Doctors, 1939: three Formosan-Chinese doctors at Mizukami, a Japanese doctor at Nansei.

Transportation: Mizukami is on the government railroad 32.6 miles north of Tainan. The Meiji Sugar Co. line runs north from Mizukami connecting with the east-west railroad between Kagi and Bokushi. The distance to Bokushi is 10.8 miles. The road was reported in operation in 1938, but the line running to the east-west line now may be abandoned. An east-west pushcar line appears to cut across the government railroad a little south of Mizukami.

Mizukami is on the north-south government highway and an east-west road running to Bokushi. Government busses operate on the government road. Other busses go to Bokushi, the fare being 35 sen.

Rickshaws are available at a price of 45 sen a ri (2.44 miles).

Sho production in 1936, rice was valued at ¥590,000 ; sugarcane, ¥450,000; sweet potatoes, ¥110,000, in addition to other products.

Business firms: the Meiji Sugar Co. has a mill and an alcohol factory to the west and northwest of the railroad station. A small sake (rice wine) brewery and a small brick and tile kiln are in the sho.

Special features: the Nansei Shrine is in the yard of the Nansei primary school. Another shrine is in the sho, the Tensho Daijin.

g. Shinko-sho.

Population 1935: 20,656, of whom 105 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Shinko.

Post office: at Shinko.

Schools: primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Getsubitan, Shinko, and one other place in the sho.

Police stations: at Banba, Getsubitan, Hishito, Kyunanko, and Shinko.

Doctors, 1939: five Formosan-Chinese doctors at Shinko, and one at Getsubitan.

Transportation: a railroad of the Japan Sugar Co. running from Kagi northwest to Hokko goes through Shinko. From Shinko another private railroad runs northeast to Tairin. East-west and north-south roads run through Shinko.

Business firms: the Shinko Development Co. (Shinko Takushoku Goshi Kaisha is reported in Shinko. It was founded in 1938 with a capital of ¥150,000, and is in the business of land cultivation and "migration of people."

Special features: the sho is in the Kanan irrigation system and is known for its excellent rice. Some livestock

products are exported from the sho. The Shinko Matsu Shrine is a little to the north of the sugar company railroad station in Shinko with an annual festival on March 23.

h. Taiho-sho. Taiho is in the southeast corner of Kagigun and is entirety mountainous. The population in 1935 numbered 1,952, of whom 9 were Japanese, one of the Japanese being a doctor. A primary school for FormosanChinese was in the sho. Agricultural products were produced along the Taiho River, a tributary of the Sobun River, but were only valued at ¥80,000 in 1936. There are a number of trails in the sho, but no roads, pushear lines, or railroads.

The Taiwan Taiho Sugar Co. was reported to be at Taiho, the firm being founded in 1939 with a capital of ¥180,000. This report must be in error, unless the firm belies its name and engages in general merchandising.

i. Tairin-sho.

Population, 1935: 18,735, of whom 553 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Tairin.

Post office at Tairin,

Police stations: at Tairin and Kohai.

Schools: primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Rinshizen and Tairin, where there also is a primary school. Doctors, 1939: two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Taihobi, and two at Tairin; one Japanese doctor at Taiko and one at Tairin.

Sho production, about 1936: paddy-field rice, ¥700,000; dry-field rice, ¥60,000; sugarcane, ¥320,000; sweet potatoes, ¥310,000; peanuts, ¥30,000; jute and fruits, ¥20,000. Livestock numbered: buffalo, 1,550; oxen, 250; pigs, 1,100; goats, 450; chickens, 14,000; geese, 4,500; ducks, 900; cattle, not known.

Business firms: the Japan Sugar Mill at Taiko produces sugar valued, in 1936, at ¥7,800,000. Alcohol is produced. The Niitaka Sugar Co. may have a mill in the sho.

Transportation: Tairin is on the government railroad line, 47.6 miles north of Tainan. A sugar company railroad runs east to Koume, a distance of 9.3 miles. The thirdclass fare is 37 sen, second-class 56 sen, the time required, 1 hour 14 minutes. Another sugar company railroad runs southwest to Shinko, where it joins the road running from Kagi northwest to Hokko. The distance to Shinko is 10 miles; the third-class fare, 38 sen; second-class fare, 57 sen.

Tairin is on the government highway and on a secondary road running from Koume on the east, through Tairin to Hokko on the west. The Kagi Automobile Co. has cars making four round-trips daily between Tairin and Hokko. Stops on this road and the distances from Tairin are: Kansharon, 1 mile; Haishiro, 2.5 miles; Keiko, 4.4 miles; Ronbi, 5.4 miles; Hishito, 7.1 miles; Komin, 8.7 miles; Shinko, 9.7 miles, and Hokko, 13.2 miles. The fare to Hokko is 50 sen and the time required, 55 minutes.

Rickshaws charge 45 sen a ri (2.4 miles) for two passenger sedan chairs, with a 30 per cent increase in stormy weather.

j. Tamio-sho.

Population, 1935: 22,048 of whom 166 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Tamio.

Post office: at Tamio.

Police stations: at Koshu, Kosekiten, Seiho, and Tamio. Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Kosekiten, Rinshibi, and Tamio; an Agricultural Public School. Doctors, 1939: five Formosan-Chinese doctors at Tamio and one at Koshu; two Japanese doctors at Tamio, and one at Gyutozan.

Transportation: Tamio is on the government railroad, 44.0 miles north of Tainan, and on the government highway parallel to the railroad. Government busses run on the

government highway. Other busses run on a road west to Hokko via Shinko, the respective rates being 25 and 35 sen. Sho production: agriculture about 1936 was valued at ¥1,000,000. About 6,000 pigs are slaughtered annually. Some charcoal and firewood are produced in the eastern part of the sho.

Business firms: small-scale production of brick, bamboo paper, gold and silver metal-work.

Special feature: Taishiya Shrine is a little to the west.

1. Special features of Kobi-gun. Kobi-gun had a population in 1935 of 145,734, of whom 3,576 were Japanese; and a population in 1940 of 160,465, of whom 3,897 were Japanese. Seira and Kobi are the two important towns, each having a population of about 10,000. Kobi is the seat of the gun administration.

The gun is 19.5 miles east-west and 12.8 miles northsouth, with an area of 208 square miles. It is located in the northwest corner of Tainan Province with the Seira River (Dakusui River) on the north and the seacoast on the west. The Shinkobi River flows to the sea in the center of the gun. The Kyukobi River borders the gun on the south.

The seacoast is flat and sandy and is being extended by the silt of the rivers. Kaiko is a small harbor, the only harbor on the northwest coast of Tainan Province, and is used primarily for trade with the Pescadores, but also for some trade with the China Coast.

In 1936, production of rice was valued at ¥4,319,692; sugarcane ¥1,773,015; sweet potatoes, ¥1,552,000; peanuts, ¥434,782; jute, barley, wheat, peas, soya beans and corn each at about ¥20,000; fruits and nuts, ¥49,015; pigs, ¥571,127; goats, ¥13,562; fishing, ¥12,367; fish-culture, ¥29,677; and forest products, chiefly bamboo, ¥34,110. The value of the sugar produced in the mills in the gun was ¥10,090,324.

Along the coast there are about 6,000 acres planted in trees to reduce the blowing of sand by the wind.

2. The gai and sho. a. Doko-sho (Toko-sho). Population 1935: 23,997, of whom 510 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Doko.

Post office: at Doko.

Police stations: at Doko, Bakoseki, and Hokyoron. Schools a primary school for Formosan-Chinese at Doko, and two at other places in the sho; a primary school for Japanese at Ryukan.

Doctors, 1939: four Formosan-Chinese doctors at Doko, two at Hokyoron, and two elsewhere in the sho.

Transportation: Doko is about half-way between Seira and Hokko on the Japan Sugar Co. railroad which runs between the two towns. Six roads radiate from Doko in all directions excepting southeast.

Sho production: In 1936 production, excepting sugar, was valued at ¥1,200,000.

Business firms: the Japan Sugar Co. has a mill with a daily cane crushing capacity of 1,100 tons. The Koa Industrial Co. (Koa Sangyo K. K.) was founded in 1940 with a capitalization of ¥180,000 and is engaged in real estate.

b. Kaiko-sho.

Population 1935: 25,222, of whom 66 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Kaiko.

Post office: at Kaiko.

Police stations: at Kaiko and Toseiseki.

Schools: primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Kaiko, Ronshicho and Toseiseki.

Doctors, 1939: two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Kaiko, three at Toseiseki.

Sho area: 43.2 square miles.

Harbor: Kaiko is on a bay indented along the shore at the mouth of the Kyukobi River, which is a suitable refuge anchorage during northeast winds. The ship anchorage is just outside the bay and is sheltered by sandbanks which run out to sea for about 3 miles northwest. Considerable trade is carried on with the Pescadores. Chinese junks call from March to September, but strong northerly winds blow from October to March hindering the use of the harbor.

Transportation: secondary roads run north, east, and south from Kaiko.

Sho production: in 1936 production of agricultural products was valued at ¥344,152; livestock, ¥122,965; slaughtered livestock, ¥570,000; fishing, ¥140,000; and small-scale industrial production, including bricks and rice hulling, ¥71,000.

Special features: the Japanese Sailing Directions state that water from a well dug beside the police station is suitable for drinking, but there are no containers for transporting it. As for the healthfulness of the place, longevity is common; malaria and other infectious diseases are entirely absent.

c. Kobi-sho.

Population 1935: 26,540, of whom 2,564 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Kobi.

Post office: at Kobi.

Police stations: at Gyuhoshi, Keiraiso, and Shonai. Schools: primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Kaheishi, Taitonshi, and Kobi, where there also are a primary and higher primary school for Japanese, the Kobi Girls Domestic School and the Kobi Agricultural Public School. A second primary and higher primary school for Japanese is elsewhere in the sho.

Doctors, 1939: eight Formosan-Chinese doctors in Kobi and one in Kaheishi; one Japanese doctor at Kobi.

Transportation: Kobi is on the Japan Sugar Co. railroad which runs from Seira southwest to Hokko. A highway runs northeast from Hokko to Kobi, where it turns southeast to Tonan. Just north of Kobi is an airfield.

Sho production: In 1936 rice was valued at ¥1,001,844; sugar cane, ¥33,137; sweet potatoes, ¥185,050; peanuts, ¥203,573; rice hulling and polishing, ¥59,553; and the making of tile and noodles, ¥30,000 to ¥60,000.

Business firms: the Japan Sugar Co. has two mills and an alcohol factory with a daily cane crushing capacity of 3,200 long tons and an annual alcohol capacity thought to be 5,000,000 gallons. In 1935 the employees numbered 558. In 1936, 72,390 tons of sugar worth ¥10,000,000 were produced.

The Chochin Industrial Co., (Chochin Kogyo Gomei Kaisha) was established in 1939 with a capitalization of ¥198,000, and is reported to deal in real estate and negotiable securities.

The Kobi Hotel is in Kobi.

Special features: Kobi stands on ground owned by the Japan Sugar Co. It is one of those local towns in South Taiwan whose economic life is dependent on the sugar manufacturing companies.

The Kanan Irrigation system irrigates 3,132 ko in the sho.

d. Niron-sho (Jiron-sho).

Population 1935: 17,793, of whom 76 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Niron.

Post office at Seira in Seira-gai. Police stations: at Niron, Eiteiseki, and Taisho.

Schools: primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Niron and Yusha.

Doctors, 1939: none reported.

Transportation: Niron is on the Japan Sugar Co. railroad which runs southeast from Seira to Hokko, and on the highway which parallels the railroad. Other roads run from Niron.

Sho area: 5 miles east-west; 51⁄2 miles north-south; 24.7 square miles.

Sho budget, 1937: ¥73,795.

The Niron Credit Consumers Retailers Utilization Cooperative (Niron Shinyo Hambai Kobai Riyo Kumiai) was established in 1925, and has a capital of ¥53,110.

The Seira Agricultural Warehouse has a branch warehouse at Niron.

e. Ronhai-sho (Rompai-sho).

Population 1935: 24,522, of whom 120 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Ronhai.

Post office at Seira in Seira-gai.

Police stations: at Bakuryo, Byogokan and Ronhai. Schools: primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Bakuryo and Ronhai.

Doctors, 1939: three Formosan-Chinese doctors at Ronhal, one at Bakuryo and one at Byogokan.

Transportation: it is uncertain whether a private railroad or pushcar line runs from Seira west and south through Ronhai to Gokaiso and then splitting, the northern spur continuing to Shisekiryo and the southern spur terminating at Sharongo.

A highway from Seira runs southwest to Tompai and then south to Hokko.

Business firms: the Southward Advance Agricultural Products Industries (Nanshin Nosen Koyyo K. K.) was founded in 1937 at Ronhai with a capitalization of ¥100,000. A credit association is in the sho.

Special features: The Seira River (Dakusui River) is on the northern border of the sho. The mouth of the Seira is a mile broad but is obstructed by a sandbar so that even at high water small boats cannot enter. The shore along the coast is low with no conspicuous landmarks.

f. Seira-gai.

Population 1935: 27,660, of whom 240 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Seira.

Post office; at Seira.

Police stations: at Hitobai, Hoshin and Seira.

Schools: two primary schools for Formosan-Chinese, a primary school for Japanese, and the Seira Commercial

Special School at Seira; a third primary school for Formosan-Chinese elsewhere in the gai.

Doctors, 1939: six Formosan-Chinese doctors and one Japanese doctor at Seira; another Formosan-Chinese doctor in Hoshin.

Transportation: the Japan Sugar Co., has a railroad running southwest from Seira to Hokko, where it continues southeast to Kagi. A pushcar line runs from Seira southeast to Toroku.

Seira is the northern junction point of the two northsouth highways in Tainan Province which unite again at Tainan City. The government highway runs southeast from Seira, and the provincial highway southwest. Sho area: 21 square miles.

Sho production: in 1936, rice was valued at ¥1,800,000. Fish-culture is sufficient for local needs. Small-scale establishments produce noodles, gold and silver paper, iron products, wood products, flour, tile, and polished rice.

Business firms: Eiho Dozoku Kosan K. K. (Eiho Dozoku Real Property Co.), real estate, land cultivation, fertilizers; founded, 1924; capital, ¥172,000.

Eika Sangyo K. K. (Eika Industries Co.); Agricultural cultivation; founded, 1939; capital ¥190,000.

Gyokuzan Kogyo Gomei Kaisha (Gyokuzan Industrial Co.); agricultural management; founded, 1939; capital, ¥192,000.

Kaikoku Bussan Gomei Kaisha (Kaikoku Products Co.); land cultivation; founded in Seira in 1939; capital, ¥180,000.

Kogo Bussan Koso Gomei Kaisha (Kogo Products Co.); land and land cultivation; founded in Seira in 1936; capital, ¥1,000,000.

Shogen Gomei Kaisha (Shogen Co.) ; land improvement, agriculture; founded in Seira in 1937; capital, ¥150,000. Toyoho Co.; real estate, agriculture; founded in 1939; capital, ¥195,000.

Seiron Jidosha K. K. (Seiron Automobile Co.); founded in 1927; capital, ¥100,000.

Taiwan Shoko Ginko (Taiwan Industrial and Commercial Bank).

One credit association.

Daisho Shintaku K. K. (Daisho Trust Co.); founded in Seira in 1939; capital, ¥180,000.

Taisho Kogyo K. K. (Taisho Industries Co.); real estate; founded in 1939; capital, ¥199,000.

Shinekihatsu Shoji K. K. (Shinekihatsu Trading Co.); clothes, woven goods; founded in Seira, 1939; capital, ¥100,000.

Kogo Sangyo Gomei Kaisha (Kogo Industrial Co.) ; agricultural products; founded in Seira in 1938; capital, ¥300,000.

Special features: many people worship at old Chinese shrines. Kofukugu shrine in Seira is an ancestral worship shrine which was established in the Chinese era. Seikyocho, also in Seira, is another Chinese shrine, with an annual festival on September 9.