1. Distinctive features of Niitoyo-gun. Tainan City is in Niitoyo-gun, but its population is not counted in the gun population, which in 1935 numbered 101,969, of whom 1,075 were Japanese. The 1940 population was 100,396, of whom 1,197 were Japanese. The population of Tainan Province increased 102,789 between 1935 and 1940; the population of Tainan City increased 25,682, but the population of Niitoyo-gun declined 1,573. The administrative seat of the gun is in Tainan City.

The gun is 11.2 miles north-south and 17.4 miles eastwest, with an area of 145 square miles. The coast line is 71⁄2 miles in length, and on this coast, at Kiju, is an extensive public bathing beach. The eastern part of the gun is mountainous and has some badlands.

A number of dye factories are in Kijin-sho, where the government is developing the production of jute and

sesame.

2. The gai and sho. a. Anjun-sho.

Population, 1935: 24,740, of whom 114 were Japanese. Administrative seat: The administrative seat is reported to be Wajunryo, but it may be Anjun, both towns having a population between 5,000 and 6,000.

Post office at Tainan City.
Police stations: none reported.

Schools: three primary schools for Formosan-Chinese, one at Anjun and two at unidentified points.

Doctors, 1939: three Formosan-Chinese doctors, one at Keishinryo and two at Wajunryo.

Transportation: in the eastern part of the sho the Tainan-Hokumon highway traverses the sho, with several secondary roads leading westward from that highway.

Special features: the sho is flat and humid. The southwestern coastal district was formerly a swamp, but was being reclaimed in 1936.

b. Eiko-sho.

Population: 1935: 16,112 of whom 353 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Eiko.

Post office at Tainan City.

Police stations: none reported.

Schools: primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Daiwan and at Eiko; a primary school for Japanese at Sanganten.

Doctors, 1939: a Formosan-Chinese doctor at Daiwan, and one at Eiko; a Japanese doctor at Koryo, and one at Sanganten.

Transportation: the main government railroad and the main government highway traverse the sho from northeast to southwest. One station on the railroad lies within this area 4 miles from the Tainan station and perhaps it is called the Eiko station. A road runs from Tainan City east through Eiko to Shinka and is paralleled by a pushcar line.

Business firms: a factory of the Taiwan Sugar Co. may be in the extreme northwestern corner of the sho. c. Eitei-sho.

Population, 1935: 14,238, of whom 379 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Wanri.

Post office at Tainan City and at Sharoken.

Police stations: none reported.

Schools: a primary school for Formosan-Chinese at Sharoken and one at some unidentified point; a primary school for Japanese at Sharoken.

Doctors, 1939: a Japanese doctor at Wanri, and a Formosan-Chinese doctor at Gyuchoshi.

Transportation: Eitei-sho is just south of Tainan City. The government railroad has a station at Sharoken, 4.7 miles from the Tainan station. Busses run to Wanri on the coast.

Production: fishing and open air salt-drying.

Business firms: Taiwan Sugar Co. (Taiwan Seito K. K.) has a mill at Sharoken with a daily cane capacity of 1,200 short tons. It is believed to produce alcohol. The company operated 37 miles of railways or pushcars.

Special features: a public bathing beach at Kiju, and there may be one a little south at Wanri.

d. Jintoku-sho.

Population, 1935: 10,908, of whom 60 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Jintoku.

Post office; at Tainan City.
Police stations: none reported.

Schools: a primary school for Formosan-Chinese at Jintoku, and one at some unidentified point.

Doctors, 1939: two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Chushu, one at Denseki, and one at Taishibyo.

Transportation: Jintoku-sho is south of Tainan City and has a government railroad station at Chushu, 7.1 miles from the Tainan station. Chushu is on the north bank of the Nisoko River which farms the boundary between Tainan Province and Takao Province.

Production; in 1936, rice was valued at ¥320,000; sweet potatoes, ¥80,000; sugarcane and vegetables ¥40,000; jute and rush, ¥80,000; banshosen (sweet potato product), ¥50,000; peanuts, sesame, corn, and beans ¥10,000; livestock and poultry, ¥40,000.

Business firms: the Taiwan Sugar Co. has a mill with a daily capacity of 1,200 short tons of cane. It operated 55 miles of railway or pushcar lines.

e. Kanbyo-sho.

Population, 1935: 14,103, of whom 67 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Kanbyo.

Post office at Kanbyo.

Police stations: none reported.

Schools: one primary school for Formosan-Chinese and

a primary school for Japanese at Kanbyo.

Doctors, 1939: three Formosan-Chinese doctors and one Japanese doctor at Kanbyo.

Transportation: Kanbyo is 10 miles east of Tainan City and is reached by a road and a pushcar line. Sho area about 21 square miles. Sho budget (1936): ¥57,000.

Production: in 1936 agricultural production was valued at ¥240,000; livestock and poultry at ¥300,000, and bamboo-ware at ¥96,300. Acacia is produced for the manufacturing of charcoal. The Taiwan Godo Pineapple Co. has a pineapple factory in the sho. A credit cooperative is reported.

Special features: 21 old Chinese shrines. The Niitoyo Shrine, built in 1934, honors the Japanese Prince, Kitashirakawa.

f. Kijin-sho.

Population, 1935: 16,398, of whom 82 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Kijinnan or Kijinhoku.
Post office at Kambyo to the east.

Police stations: at Kogasoki.

Schools: two primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at unidentified places in the sho, one at Masobyo; the Niitoyo Youth School.

Doctors, 1939: two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Kijinhoku, and one at Masobyo.

Transportation: the sho is east and a little south of Tainan City, and is reported to have excellent truck and bus service.

Area of the sho: 21.5 square miles.

Sho production: in 1936 agricultural production was valued at ¥680,000. The dye industry had seven factories with production valued at ¥17,000. Due to government

encouragement, jute is destined to become "the leading

product of the sho" although in 1936, rice, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, peanuts and sesame exceeded jute in value. The forests in the southeast produce charcoal and firewood for local demand.

Business firms: the Taiwan Agricultural Warehouse facilitates finance.

The Jinin Credit Consumers Retailers Utilization Cooperative (Jinin Shinyo Kobai Hambai Riyo Kumiai). g. Ryuki-sho.

Population, 1935: 5,470, of whom 20 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Bansha.

Post office at Kambyo in Kambyo-sho.
Police stations: none are known.

Schools: a primary school for Formosan-Chinese.
Doctors, 1939: none are reported.

Transportation: the sho is east of Tainan City in the badlands of the foothills and mountains. Transportation is by trail.

Sho production: production is low, the total value of farm produce about 1936 amounting to only ¥100,000. Bamboo products were worth ¥15,000.

1. Distinctive features of Shinei-gun. Shinei-gun had a population in 1935 of 115,773, of whom 3,001 were Japanese, and a 1940 population of 128,040, of whom 4,421 were Japanese. The Japanese in all of Tainan Province increased during the same period by 2,783, so the increase in Shinei-gun of 1,420 accounted for over 50 percent.

The reason for the disproportionately large increase of Japanese in the gun is not known, but it may imply that the oil field in Bansha-sho was developed greatly during the period.

Shinei is the seat of the gun administration and is the largest town, with a 1935 population of 10,522. The second large town was Ensui, with a population of 7,433; the third largest, Bansha, with a population of 3,917.

Shinei-gun is 19.8 miles east-west and 9.9 miles northsouth, the eastern part being mountainous, the western part flat, fertile and well irrigated. Two sugar mills are at Ensui, two mills and an alcohol factory are at Shinei, and in addition there are a number of old-style Chinese mills in the gun.

The Kanshirei health resort is in Shirakawa-sho, where there also is an Army maneuvering area.

2. The gai and sho. a. Bansha-sho.

Population, 1935: 16,410, of whom 146 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Bansha.

Post office at Shinei and Shinei-gai and at Shirakawa in Shirakawa-sho.

Police stations: none reported.

Schools: two primary schools for Formosan-Chinese, one at Bansha and one at Zentaiho.

Doctors, 1939: two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Bansha and one Japanese doctor elsewhere.

Transportation: a road runing south from Kagi to Rokko goes through Bansha. A secondary road runs from Bansha west a few miles to Shinei. Transportation facilities are almost nonexistent in the mountainous eastern part of the sho.

Sho production: in 1936, agricultural products were valued at ¥1,000,000; industrial products, ¥450,000; forest products, ¥100,000; and livestock, ¥210,000.

Special features: the Gyunichi oil field is a Navy preserve which is exploited by the Japan Oil Co. Production is not thought to be large, but the field seems to be important in relation to others in Taiwan.

A village named Ouji is a center of aborigine life. b. Ensui-gai.

Population, 1935: 22,522, of whom 581 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Ensui.

Post office: at Ensui.

Police station: none reported.

Schools: primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Banshisoki and Ensui, where there also is a primary and higher primary school for Japanese.

Doctors, 1939: nine Formosan-Chinese doctors at Ensui, one at Banshiseki; one Japanese doctor at Gannai.

Transportation: Ensui is on a sugar company railroad running from Shinei west to the coast, and on a main east-west road. Busses go to Shinei.

Business firms: the Ensuiko Sugar Co. has two sugar mills in the gai with a daily cane crushing capacity of 1,250 long tons. A branch of the Shoka Bank is at Ensui. c. Koheki-sho.

Population, 1935: 19,979, of whom 451 were Japanese. Administrative seat: reported to be at Ujurin.

Post office at Shinei in Shinei-gai, and Shirakawa in Shirakawa-sho.

Police stations: at Ankeiryo, Kamikato, Seiryo, and Koheki.

Schools: primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Ankeiryo, Seiryo and Koheki; a primary school for Japanese at Ujurin.

Doctors, 1939: three Formosan-Chinese doctors at Ankeiryo, two at Seiryo and two at Shimokato.

Transportation: Koheki is on the government railroad 28.8 miles north of Tainan. A pushear line runs from Koheki east to Shirakawa, 3.7 miles and continues to Kanshirei, 11.5 miles from Koheko, where a hot spring resort is located. The fare to Shirakawa is 28 sen, to Kanshirei, ¥1.04.

Government busses run on the north-south government highway through Koheki. Private busses run to Kanshirei, the fare being 80 sen. Rickshaws are available at 60 sen a ri (2.44 miles).

Sho production: in 1936, production was valued as follows: rice, ¥615,000; sugarcane, ¥276,000; sweet potatoes, ¥155,000; fish culture, ¥5,000; refined sugar, ¥1,000,000; soybean sauce, ¥60,000; rice polishing, ¥200,000. Vegetables, sesame, and jute also are produced.

Business firms: the Ko Promotion Co. (Ko Shinko Goshi Kaisha) has as its business land development, bricks, coal. It was founded in 1933 with a capitalization of ¥490,000. The Meiji Sugar Co. has a mill with a daily cane crushing capacity of 1,250 long tons.

d. Ryuci-sho.

Population, 1935: 12,720, of whom 126 were Japanese.
Administrative office: Ryuei.

Post office at Shinei in Shinei-gai.
Police stations: none reported.

Schools: primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Ryuei, Shokyakutai, at an unidentified point.

Doctors, 1939: two Japanese doctors at Kakiko and at Shokyakutai; a Formosan-Chinese doctor at Ryuei. Transportation: Ryuei is several miles south of Shinei on the government highway.

Special features: due to poor irrigation facilities, the area has few paddy fields.

e. Shinei-gai.

Population, 1935: 21,305, of whom 1,365 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Shinei.

Post office at Shinei. Police station: at Shinei.

Schools: primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Shinei and Tessenkyo; a primary and higher primary school for Japanese at Shinei, and the Shinei Girls Domestic School and the Shinei Agricultural Special School. Doctors, 1939: seven Formosan-Chinese doctors and one Japanese doctor at Shinei.

Transportation: Shinei is on the government railroad, 24 miles north of Tainan. An Ensuiko Sugar Co. railroad starts at Shinei and runs west through Ensui, 5.3 miles, to Hotel on the coast, 13.2 miles. The third-class fare to Hotei was 43 sen, the second-class fare ¥1.06, the scheduled time, 2 hours.

The government highway runs north-south through Shinei, and from Shinei an important road runs west to the coast, one branch going to Hotei and the other to Hokumon. Government busses operate on the government highway; other busses run west to Ensui at a fare of 25 sen, and northeast to Shirakawa at a fare of 35

sen.

Rickshaws cost 40 sen a ri (2.44 miles); sedan chairs, ¥2 per day.

Business firms: the Ensuiko Sugar Co. has two sugar mills about half a mile north of Shinei on the bank of the Kyusui River, with a daily cane crushing capacity of 2,200 long tons. The same company has an alcohol factory in Shinei-gai with a capacity of 250 million gallons annually.

The Taiwan Drug Manufacturing Co. is reported to have an establishment in Shinei.

The Shoka Bank has a branch in Shinei.

The Shinko Industrial Co. (Shinko Sangyo KK) cultivates tropical vegetables, and was founded in 1933 with a capitalization of ¥100,000.

f. Shirakawa-sho.

Population, 1935: 22,837 of whom 332 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Shirakawa.

Post office at Shirakawa.

Police stations: at Chikushimon, Kanshirei, Kyakushonai, Naikaku, Unkiko and Kaikseki.

Schools: primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Kaihoseki, Kanshirei and Shirakawa; a primary school for Japanese at Shirakawa.

Doctors, 1939; eight Formosan-Chinese doctors at Shirakawa and one at Kaihoseki; one Japanese doctor at Kanshirei.

Transportation: a pushcar line runs east from Koseki through Shirakawa to Kanshirei, 11.5 miles. Busses cover the same route.

Sho production: the sho consists of a good agricultural district in the west, and forests in the east, with two mountain peaks, Kotosan and Shuhosan, from 2,000 to 3,000 feet in height. A good deal of lumber, charcoal, firewood and bamboo is produced. There is some fish culture.

Business firms: the Shirakawa Agricultural Products Co. (Shirakawa Nosan Kaisha).

Special features: an Army maneuvering area is at Naikoku.

Daisengen is a place at Kanshiryo where various gods are worshipped. The elaborate spring and autumn festivals are said to attract many worshippers. The Hekiruji (temple) is in Rokujukei.

The hot spring resort at Kanshirei is at an elevation of 900 feet surrounded by mountain peaks. The mineral carbonated spring is reported to have therapeutic qualities for nervous disorders, rheumatism, gastroenteric diseases, diseases of the reproductive organs, kidney and respiratory troubles, chronic skin diseases and functional disorders. A police officers' sanatarium is at the springs. Hotels reported are the Kanshirei Hotel, Yoshidaya, Senshinkan, Kumamotoyo, Seishukan and the Chosuian (Kihinkan) erected by Tainan Province.

Kazangan (volcanic rock) is about two miles from the springs on the road to Kanshirei. It is called Kazangan because gas is emitted there with flames flaring up. It is a spectacle which attracts many visitors.