LETTER OF PROMULGATION OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS, Washington 25, D. C., 1 October 1944. CIVIL AFFAIRS HANDBOOK TAIWAN (FORMOSA) Tainan Province OPNAV 13-28 1. OPNAV 13-28 is a non-registered RESTRICTED publication. It is intended to provide useful information for civil affairs officers in the area indicated, but the material contained herein may be of value to other officers and for other purposes. 2. This publication is to be used and stowed in accordance with the provisions of U. S. Navy Regulations, Articles 75, 75%, and 76. INTRODUCTION This handbook is intended to be a catalog of facts about Tainan Province which will be useful to civil affairs officers. In addition to specific provincial data, some additional general information is given to supplement that appearing in Restricted OPNAV 50E-12 Civil Affairs Handbook, Taiwan (Formosa) and OPNAV 50E-13 Civil Affairs Handbook, Taiwan (Formosa) Economic Supplement. Most of the information has been derived from Japanese sources, but there are difficulties with these sources-particularly the difficulty of achieving consistency in figureswhich lead to the caution that the data in this volume are not complete or infallible. Further information will be available later as additional Japanese material is translated. Taiwan has experienced a remarkable industrial and commercial development in recent years. The number of companies, for example, increased from 1,150 in 1937 to 1,819 in 1940, the paid-in capital increasing from about ¥350 million to ¥550 million during the same period. At the same time there has been an increase in government personnel, one report stating that 831 junior officials (hannin rank) were added to the staff of the GovernmentGeneral in the year 1940. These developments imply that the Japanese have been obliged to depend upon Formosan-Chinese to fill many responsible positions in business, if not in government, and that capable Formosan-Chinese were available. This implication is supported by a recent list of company officials in Taiwan, which indicates clearly than many FormosanChinese have important positions in its economic life. Because most of the inhabited places in Taiwan have more than one name, an alphabetical list of place names, including many variants, has been included. Among the reasons for the plurality of names are: 1. The Japanese and Chinese use the same written characters but pronounce them differently. 2. The Chinese pronunciation varies according to the Chinese dialect. 3. The Japanese have two or more pronunciations for many characters but no fixed rule governing their use. 4. There is more than one way employed to render into English (Roman) letters the two Japanese versions and the Chinese dialect versions. In this handbook the place names have been transliterated in accordance with Japanese pronunciation. The older and generally accepted Hepburn system of transliterating Japanese terms, most frequently found on maps and in books about Taiwan, has been employed in this document instead of the newer and less convenient Nihonshiki style. It should be recognized, however, that in Taiwan the Chinese pronunciations will be most prevalent, since most of the inhabitants speak either the Amoy or Hakka dialects of the Chinese. ADMINISTRATIVE TERMINOLOGY Location of places in Tainan Province (Tainan-shu) is indicated by shi (city) gun (county); gai (town); sho (cluster of villages); and sha (aborigine village). Cho and chome are subdivisions within a city. Banchi is the street number. As there are no precise equivalents in English for some of these terms, the terms themselves are used frequently in this handbook. Reference to the population tables in the appendix will help clarify the terms because population data are organized according to these divisions. gun shi gai sho aza cho chome Administrative-geographical division of the province. May be translated roughly as county, but it is preferable to use the Japanese term. There are ten gun in Tainan Province. Incorporated city which includes the cho subdivisions and suburban towns. There are ten shi in Taiwan, two of them, Tainan-shi and Kagi-shi, being in Tainan Province. All of the shi, with the exception of Takao-shi, lie within the boundaries of some gun, but they are not under the gun administration nor is the shi population counted in computing the population of the gun. The administrative offices of these gun, however, are located in the shi. The term gai is used (1) to designate a single town and (2) to designate a group of towns or villages, one of them being the seat of the gai administration. The town or village with the same name as the gai as a whole is usually the administrative seat. Eight gai are in Tainan Province. Essentially the same as a gai except for the name. Although the term town is frequently used for gai, and village for sho, this is inaccurate because some sho are larger than some gai. To avoid confusion, the Japanese words should be used consistently. Fifty-eight sho are in Tainan Province. Individual towns or villages within a gai or sho. An administrative division of a city, usually composed of several blocks. The same Japanese character can be read machi. Local usage determines which reading is used. A division of a cho. Not all the cho in Taiwan cities are divided into chome. In American usage addresses are given by writing first the street number, then the street, city, and state. The reverse order is followed in Japan and in Taiwan, for example: Tainan-shu, Tainan-shi, Meiji-cho, 3 chome, 36 banchi; or again, Tainan-shu, Kobi-gun Kobigai, Kobi. Personal names are written in accordance with the Japanese custom of placing the family name first. The family name has been capitalized in this book to minimize the possibility of confusion. |