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fully, and trained his company in them, any reasonably efficient company should march out of the armory, fully uniformed and equipped, within an hour of the notification to the captain. insure this the company commander must have with him, at all times, a list giving the names of his lieutenants and first sergeant, their addresses, both house and business, and telephone numbers. He can then get in touch with them, notify them, and proceed to the armory. The lieutenants, having similar lists of the sergeants and corporals of their platoons, notify the sergeants, and they the corporals, or the lieutenants notify both, as previously arranged and practiced. The corporals, each with a similar list of the men of their squads, notify them. The first sergeant notifies the personnel of the company headquarters detachment. In each list there should be a second in command listed, who will be notified in case the principal is absent, sick, or can not be located. An even better method where previous arrangements have been made, is for the captain to give the local telephone exchange a list of the organization members, with their telephone numbers, and have them called from there. In an exchange where there are several operators this perhaps might be the quickest method and leave the company officers and noncommissioned officers free to get to the armory and be preparing for the move. In communities where there are fire sirens, bells, or gongs, arrangements with the proper authorities should be made, and usually are, for a special signal which will be recognized by all National Guard men as notification for immediate assembly at the armory for duty. This should, however, be in addition to the personal notification.

217. Formations for riot duty.-Normal combat formations are not suited for use in riots. The extended line meeting the unequally distributed resistance offered by a crowd or mob is easily bent and the skirmishers forced further apart. It offers little opportunity for a concentration of strength and is easily broken. On the other hand, troops in close order formations are handicapped by reason of the masking of the rear man by his file leader, which deprives him of freedom of action. Special formations which tend to bring the men closer together when increased pressure on the line is encountered, without serious masking of individuals, are better suited for use against crowds and mobs. A formation that becomes stronger with increased pressure affords a concentration of strength where it is most needed and is less liable to be broken. These special tions are explained in the following paragraphs and they he practiced frequently and vigorously, from a halt and

in march from quick and double time. Armory training should be supplemented by practice in the streets adjoining the armory. 218. Riot-duty tactics.-Riot-duty tactics are divided into four classes as follows:

a Crowd.

b Mob.

c Open country.

d Interior.

Of the four classes, crowd tactics are the most important, and the most frequently used in quelling disorder in its initial stages.

Any disorderly assembly should be first dealt with as a crowd, unless it has actually fired upon the troops, preparation always being made to meet mob violence in case the transition occurs. Usually most trouble in towns and cities, in its initial stages, may be handled by methods applicable to crowds, which are less drastic than measures necessary for dealing with a mob.

219. Special formations for use against crowds.-The following formations which can be executed by a squad or platoon, are especially adapted for use against crowds.

220. The wedge.-The squad being in line, assembled, to form wedge: 1. Squad, 2. WEDGE. The squad leader gives the command and, at the command of execution springs about three paces to the front and in front of No. 3, front rank. The men, moving at a run, post themselves in two lines to his right and left rear, each man one-half pace behind and one-half pace to the right (or left) of the man ahead of him. The front rank men are on the squad leader's right rear, No. 3 nearest him, then No. 2, then No. 1. The rear rank men are on his left rear, No. 1 nearest him, then No. 2, then No. 3. No. 4 of the rear rank follows the squad leader and takes position inside the wedge. If the movement is executed from a halt, the squad leader and the men halt when they reach their proper positions; if the squad is marching in quick time, the wedge continues to advance in quick time and, if in double time, the wedge advances in double time. The squad leader sets the wedge in motion from a halt and regulates its gait and direction with the command, Follow me.

The squad being in wedge formation, to assemble in line: 1. Assemble, 2. MARCH. If at a halt, the squad leader stands fast; if marching, he halts. The men resume their proper positions with relations to the squad leader.

The squad being in wedge formation, marching at quick or double time, to march to the rear: 1. To the rear, 2. MARCH.

If marching in quick time: All the men execute, To the rear, march (par. 257). No. 4 of the rear rank takes the double time for about 6 paces, when he resumes the quick time. No. 1 rear rank and No. 3 front rank take the double time till they are one-half pace to the rear and one-half pace to the right and left, respectively, of No. 4 rear rank, when they resume the quick time. No. 2 rear rank and No. 2 front rank execute the same movements with relation to, respectively, No. 1 rear rank and No. 3 front rank. No. 3 rear rank and No. 1 front rank simply execute, To the rear, March. The squad leader follows No. 4 rear rank, taking position inside the wedge.

If marching at double time: All the men except No. 4 rear rank assume quick time before executing, To the rear, march. No. 4 rear rank executes, To the rear, march, and continues at double time; the other men resume the double in time to take their proper relative positions with regard to No. 4 rear rank, as indicated in the preceding paragraph. It will be seen from the foregoing that the squad in wedge formation, when marching to the rear, simply turns itself inside out, No. 4 of the rear rank becoming the apex of the wedge in place of the squad leader, who assumes No. 4 rear rank's normal position inside the wedge.

The wedge formation may be assumed by a platoon of four or more squads, but in general this formation will not be used, the wedge with flanking diagonals being normally more effective for so large a unit. The platoon forms a wedge by the same methods as those prescribed for the squad, except that the platoon leader, before giving the command, Platoon, WEDGE, indicates the center of his platoon. Squads to the right or in advance of the center form on the platoon leader's right rear; those to the left or behind it form on his left rear. To assemble the platoon from wedge formation, the platoon leader commands, Assemble, MARCH, and indicates the point of rest. The squad leaders bring their squads into position successively.

221. The diagonal.-The squad being in line, assembled, to form diagonal: 1. Diagonal, guide right (left), 2. MARCH. If the guide is right, No. 1 front rank moves forward at a run about 6 paces; No. 2 front rank follows him and takes post 40 inches behind No. 1. The other men form line to the left rear of No. 2 front rank, each man one-half pace behind and onehalf pace to the left of the man ahead. The squad leader posts himself in front of No. 3 front rank. He may, however, post himself in front of No. 1 front rank, selecting the position offering the best opportunity to lead his squad. If the guide is

left, No. 4 rear rank moves forward at a run about eight paces; No. 3 rear rank follows him and takes post 40 inches behind No. 4. The other men form line to the right rear of No. 3 rear rank, each man one-half pace behind and one-half pace to the right of the man ahead. The squad leader posts himself in front of No. 2 rear rank. He may, however, post himself in front of No. 4 rear rank, selecting the position offering the best opportunity to lead his squad. If executed from a halt, the squad leader and the men halt when they reach their proper positions; if the squad is marching in quick or double time, the diagonal advances at the same gait. The squad leader sets the diagonal in motion from a halt and regulates its gait and direction with the command, Follow me.

The squad being in diagonal formation, to assemble in line: 1. Assemble, 2. MARCH. The squad leader takes position in front of the squad and halts; the men assume their proper positions with relation to the squad leader.

The section being in line or column, assembled, to form diagonal: 1. Diagonal, guide right (left), 2. MARCH. If the guide is right, the first (right or leading) squad executes, Diagonal, guide right, march, as prescribed above except that the squad leader posts himself behind No. 1 of the rear rank and No. 1 front rank moves forward about 10 paces; the second (left or rear) squad forms successively to the left rear of the first squad, No. 1 front rank being one-half pace behind and one-half pace to the left of No. 4 rear rank in rear of No. 1 rear rank. The section leader posts himself in front of No. 3 front rank of the first squad. If the movement is executed from a halt, the section leader and the men halt when they reach their proper positions; if the section is marching in quick time, the diagonal continues to advance in quick time; if it is marching in double time, the section leader takes quick time until all the men are in position; the diagonal then resumes the double time without command.

If the guide is left, the second (left or rear) squad executes, Diagonal, guide left, MARCH, as prescribed above except that the squad leader posts himself behind No. 1 of the rear rank and that No. 4 rear rank moves forward about 12 paces. The first (right or leading) squad forms successively to the right rear of the second squad, No. 4 rear rank being onehalf pace behind and one-half pace to the right of No. 1 front rank of the first squad; the leader of the first squad takes post in rear of No. 1 rear rank. The section leader posts himself in front of No. 2 rear rank of the second squad.

The section being in diagonal formation, to assemble in line: 1. Assemble, 2. MARCH. If the diagonal is marching it halts. No. 4 rear rank of the first (right) squad and No. 1 front rank of the second (left) squad move straight to the front till they are two paces ahead of the advanced flank of the diagonal and then halt. The squads form on them in line, No. 4 rear rank of the first squad remaining in the front rank till his squad is formed, when he drops back, and the squad leader takes his proper place.

222. The deployed line.-It is apparent from the foregoing paragraphs that the basis for all wedge and diagonal formation is the deployment of the squad with the front rank on the right (Nos. 1, 2, and 3 in succession from right to left), and the rear rank on the left (Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 in succession from right to left). Any attempt to utilize the standard method of deployment, with rear rank men to the right of their file leaders for these special formations is bound to result in confusion, as the men's paths cross each other in such a way that collisions are inevitable. In order that the deployed line formation may be assumed quickly and without confusion from close order, the wedge, or the diagonal, it is therefore essential that it, too, should be based on the principle of the front rank forming on the right, the rear rank on the left. Only in this way can each man always be sure of his exact position in each formation. The dissimilarity between this and the standard deployment makes a separate command desirable.

The squad being assembled in line, in wedge, or diagonal, form deployed line: 1. Deploy. 2. MARCH. No. 3 front rank springs about 3 paces straight to the front. Moving at a run, the men place themselves at half-pace intervals to his right and left, Nos. 2 and 1 front rank successively to his right, Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 rear rank successively to his left. The squad leader posts himself either in front of or behind the center of the squad. If the movement is executed from a halt, the men halt as they come on the line established by No. 3 front rank; if the squad is marching in quick or double time, the gait is maintained.

The section, platoon, or company being in any formation, to form deployed line: 1. Deploy, guide right (left, center). 2. MARCH. The announcement of the guide indicates the base sqund. The deployment proceeds as in the standard deployxcept that each squad is deployed on the line as bove for the squad.