supplies, tools, etc. The remainder of the tents on the line are occupied by squads intact in each one or two tents, depending on the amount of the tentage. Field Artillery organizations will be assigned by sections, each complete in adjacent tents. In mounted organizations the stable sergeant with his guard occupy a pyramidal tent at the picket line.

106. Summer training camps of the National Guard should be, and usually are, of the permanent camp type, having running water piped to all sections, electric lights, permanent buildings for mess halls and kitchens (screened), bathhouses, latrines, storage, and administration. It is seldom necessary to pitch tentage except for shelter of the personnel. There is, or should be, no pollution of the area, and it is improved by occupation year after year if scrupulous daily police is observed and there is a competitive spirit in the companies to make their streets and surroundings the most attractive, comfortable, and sanitary. In these camps the same sites for company streets are usually used year after year, and the instructions above for selecting the camp site and those as to laying out the camp do not apply. The double line of pyramidal tents of each company is located with the head toward the officers' line and parallel to it. The space between companies' lines of tents will be the same as that between tents on the company line--30 feet-if the ground is not restricted. The "officers' line consists of the line of company officers' tents, those of each company opposite the head of the particular company street, the line of battalion commanders and their staffs in rear, in center of their respective battalions, and the regimental commander and staff in rear of them and midway between the regimental flanks. The regimental headquarters officer in a storage tent if available, in rear of the colonel's tent. Distances between the company, the battalion, and regimental officers' lines should be 30 to 50 feet, depending upon the configuration and adequacy of the site.

BIVOUACS (SHELTER-TENT CAMP)

107. On practice marches, or when out from the permanent camp on maneuvers which involve one or more overnight camps, pyramidal tents are usually not taken both because sufficient transportation is not provided and of the unnecessary additional labor that would be required of the troops after a day's marching and maneuvering. At these times the shelter tents are used for shelter of the enlisted men. Unless the transportation is too limited to carry it or the simulated tacti

cal situation makes it inappropriate, the officers' wall tents are carried and used under these conditions. The instructions above as to the selection of the camp site, the sanitary requirements and the method of laying out the camp apply.

THE UNIFORM

108. The uniform for the Army of the United States (the Regular Army, the National Guard, when in State or Federal service, and the Reserve Corps), is prescribed by the War Department. The prescribed uniform is published in Army Regulations 600-35. The occasions for and method of wearing the uniform are prescribed in Army Regulations 600-40. Both are published to the National Guard in National Guard Regu lations 77.

109. The award and supply of decorations, both by the United States and foreign governments, is governed by Army Regulations 600-45. The award and supply of service medals is governed by Army Regulations 600-65. The purpose and supply of service ribbons, bronze stars, etc., is announced in Army Regulations 600-85. The authority for wearing and supply of wound and war service chevrons and service stripes is announced in Army Regulations 600-95. The manner of wearing and the occasions upon which decorations, medals, etc., are worn are prescribed in Army Regulations 600-40. All the foregoing are published to the National Guard in National Guard Regulations 77.

110. Federally recognized National Guard officers will wear the letters" U. S." of gold or gilt, upon which is superimposed the letters, not to exceed four, in bronze, forming the authorized abbreviation of the name of the State. Enlisted men of the federally recognized National Guard will similarly wear the "U. S." on the collar disk with the State letters, in the same metal, superimposed. Insignia, shoulder sleeve, will be worn by all members of organizations for which such insignia has been approved by the War Department.

111. Insignia of rank worn-by officers on both shoulder loops, by warrant officers on collar, by noncommissioned officers and privates, first class, on both arms, are as follows:

General: Four silver stars.

Lieutenant general: Three silver stars.

Major general: Two silver stars.

Brigadier general: One silver star.

Colonel: A silver spread eagle, 4 inch in height and 12 inches between tips of wings.

Lieutenant colonel: A silver oak leaf, 1 inch in height and 1 inch across.

Major: A gold oak leaf, 1 inch in height and 1 inch across. Captain: Two silver bars, each 4 inch in width and 1 inch in length. Bars to be 14 inch apart.

First lieutenant: One silver bar, 4 inch in width and 1 inch in length.

Second lieutenant: One gilt bar, 4 inch in width and 1 inch in length.

Chaplain-

Christian: A silver Latin cross, 1 inch in height.

Jewish: A double tablet bearing Roman numerals from 1 to 10, surmounted by two equilateral triangles interlaced, all silver, 1 inch in height.

Warrant officer: Eagle in wreath.

Master sergeant (first grade): Three chevrons, and an arc of three bars forming a tie to the lower chevrons. Technical sergeant (second grade): Same as master sergeant, except the arc is of two bars.

First sergeant (second grade): Same as technical sergeant, with the addition of a lozenge in the angle between the lower chevron and the upper arc.

Staff sergeant (third grade): Same as master sergeant, except the arc is of one bar.

Sergeant (fourth grade): Three chevrons.

Corporal (fifth grade): Two chevrons.

Private first class (sixth grade): One chevron.

All chevrons are of olive drab on a dark blue background. Chevrons, wound and war service, are of gold lace or bullion. The former, one for each wound, is worn on the right sleeve. The latter, one for each six months in service in a theater of operations in the World War, is worn on the left sleeve. They are both placed just above the cuff.

Brassards.-Worn around left sleeve, between shoulder and

elbow.

For agents and signal men, blue; for guides and scouts, green; for orderlies and messengers, red; for trench cleaners (moppers up), white; for members of carrying parties, yellow. To be 14 inches in width, made of stiff cotton webbing, and equipped with sharp-tongued buckle for adjustment, as issued. For military police, to be of blue cloth, 4 inches in width, with letters M. P. in block letters 21⁄2 inches in height, outlined in white thread.

In time of war, for all persons in the military service rendered neutral by the terms of the Geneva convention, to be of white cloth, 4 inches in width, with red Geneva cross of cloth in center.

112. The degree in which officers and enlisted men's uniform clothing conforms to the specifications therefor, the fit, cleanliness, and general smartness apparent, and the observance of the correct method of wearing, including appropriateness to the occasion, will in no small degree indicate the discipline and general efficiency of the individual and the organization.

113. Uniforms and clothing issued to enlisted men must not be sold, pawned, loaned, given away, lost, or damaged through neglect or carelessness. Any soldier who violates this rule may be tried by a military court and punished. All uniforms and articles of clothing issued to enlisted men remain the property of the United States and do not become the property of the soldier either before or after discharge from the service.

114. The service uniform is either cotton (summer) or woolen (winter) olive drab.

For duty in the field it consists of the service. hat with cord sewed on, service coat if ordered, service breeches, olive drab flannel shirt, leggins, russet-leather shoes, and identification tag (also the overcoat when ordered).

When not in the field, the service cap may be worn instead of the campaign hat. The service coat is always worn with the cap.

Wear the exact uniform prescribed by your commanding officer, whether you are on duty or off duty.

Never wear any part of the uniform with civilian clothes. It is very unsoldierly, for example, to wear a civilian overcoat over the uniform or to wear the uniform overcoat over a civilian suit.

Keep the uniform clean and neat and in good repair. -Grease spots and dust and dirt should be removed as soon as possible.

Rips and tears should be promptly mended.

Missing buttons and cap and collar ornaments should be promptly replaced.

There is but one correct and soldierly way to wear the cap or hat. Never wear it on the back or side of the head.

The service hat should be worn in the regulation shape, peaked, with four indentations, and with hat cord sewed on. Do not cover it with pen or pencil marks.

Never appear outside your room or tent with your coat or olive-drab shirt unbuttoned or collar of coat unhooked. Chev rons, service stripes, and campaign medals and badges are a part of the uniform and must be worn as prescribed.

When coats are not worn with the service uniform olive-drab shirts are prescribed.

Suspenders must never be worn exposed to view.
Never appear in breeches without leggins.

Leather leggins should be kept polished. Canvas leggins should be scrubbed when dirty.

Russet-leather (tan) shoes should be kept clean and polished. The overcoat when worn must be buttoned throughout and the collar hooked. The belt is worn outside the overcoat, except that the officers' belt (M 1921) is worn under the overcoat when in garrison.

FITTING OF SHOES AND SOCKS

(A. R. 850-125)

115. General.-The application of established practical methods of foot measuring and shoe fitting is of great importance in preserving and promoting the health and comfort of the soldier and in securing the maximum marching capacity of troops. (See A. R. 40-205 and A. R. 615-250.) Measurements will be taken and shoes and socks will be fitted as soon as practicable after the enlistment or induction of the soldier into the service. Sizes called for in requisitions will conform to the record, and issues on such requisitions will be personally verified in every instance by a company officer to insure that properly fitting shoes and socks are secured.

116. Responsibility for.-a. General-Company commanders are responsible for measuring the feet and properly fitting the shoes of the men of their commands. The work will be done under the direct supervision of a commissioned officer. Company commanders will report in writing to the regimental commander every instance of failure to secure proper shoes for their command. Regimental commanders will investigate the reason for such deficiencies and will be held responsible as far as lies in their power for their correction.

b. Keeping of records. A record of the sizes and widths of properly fitting shoes as determined by the methods prescribed in the following paragraph will be kept by all company commanders for the men of their organizations. Company comnanders will cause to be kept a record of the number of pairs

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