19. Relief from Christian sarcophagus of fourth century 20. Church of St. Sophia

241

. 265

21. Legend of St. Martin of Tours (toor); tapestry

272

22. Mosaic of tenth century; temporal and spiritual powers 23. Interior of mosque at Cordova

275

277

24. Feudal interior; serfs receiving orders from their lord . 25. St. Mark's, Venice

292

306

30. Portal of Notre Dame (nōtreh-dāhm') of Paris 31. Monastery court at Pavia

373

374

32. Castle of Pierrefonds (pē'-air-fond) near Paris

375

37. Court of Borghese (borga'-zeh) palace, Rome

415

2. Greece, with shores and islands of the Ægean 3. Greece and the Greek colonies (Freeman)

30-31

44-45

8. Mediterranean lands, 218 B.C.

9. Mediterranean lands, 146 B.C. 10. Roman empire under Trajan

11. Europe in the time of Theodoric (Freeman) 12. Europe in the time of Charlemagne (Freeman) 13. England about 600 A.D.

14. Europe in the twelfth century (crusading era)

15. Western Europe in fourteenth century (1360) (Freeman)
16. Western Europe in time of Charles V. (Freeman)
17. Western Europe in 1648, Treaty of Westphalia

18. Empire of Napoleon; Europe in 1810 (Freeman).

19. Europe in 1815, Peace of Vienna (Freeman)

482

485

20. Turkish dominion in Europe before and after Treaty of

Prof. P. V. N. Myers, who was so fortunate as to obtain the right to use Mr. Freeman's most admirable maps in the preparation of his "Outlines of Mediæval and Modern History," has been so kind as to share with me the benefits of that permission,

M. S. B.

STUDIES IN GENERAL HISTORY.

STUDIES IN GENERAL HISTORY.

THE CIVILIZED WORLD BEFORE 776 B. C.

A. Egypt.

B. The Tigro-Euphrates Valley.
C. Phænicia.

D. Judæa.

"I met a traveller from an antique land

Who said: Two vast and trunkless legs of stone
Stand in the desert. Near them, on the sand,
Half sunk, a shattered visage lies.

And on the pedestal, these words appear:
My name is Ozymandias, king of kings;
Look on my works, ye mighty, and despair!
Nothing beside remains. Round the decay

Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare,

The lone and level sands stretch far away."-SHELLEY.

Note on Map.—The valleys of the Nile, of the Tigris, and Euphrates were famous for their heavy yield of wheat. Their soil was fertile, level, and watered and fertilized by the overflow or the irrigation from their respective rivers. The cities of Lilybæum, Panormus, and Carthage were founded by Phoenicians, who also had in Spain two famous colonies; namely, Gades (Cadiz) and Tartessus (Tarshish), both of which were on the coast, near Gibraltar.

Questions on Map and Note. - How was Egypt naturally protected from invasion? How could she feed a large population? How did these two facts help develop an early civilization? What would be the chief natural occupation and support of her people? Answer the same questions in regard to Assyria, Babylonia, and Chaldea.