THE

HISTORY OF SICILY

TO THE ATHENIAN WAR;

WITH

ELUCIDATIONS OF THE SICILIAN ODES OF

PINDAR.

BY W WATKISS LLOYD.

WITH A MAP.

LONDON:

JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.

1872.

DG
55

.55

477

LONDON:

BRADBURY, EVANS, AND CO., PRINTERS, WHITEFRIARS,

09 Oct 23 KHW

CONTENTS.

BOOK I.

HISTORY OF SICILY TO THE ATHENIAN WAR.

CHAPTER I.

THE POSITION OF SICILY.-SICILY AND HOMERIC LEGEND

AND GEOGRAPHY.

Site and geography of Sicily-Poetic geography and the dawn of discovery

-Early Phoenician and Hellenic enterprise-Homeric Sicania and

Sicels-Scylla and Charybdis in Homeric and modern geography-

The land of the Cyclops and volcanoes in mythology-The course of

Ulysses-Primitive Astronomy and its survivals-Legendary polar

circles and primitive geography-Conclusions on Homeric Sicily

CHAPTER II.

PAGE

. 1

THE PRIMITIVE POPULATION AND HELLENIC SETTLEMENTS

OF SICILY.

The ethnography of Sicily as known to Thucydides-Non-Hellenic Sicels,

Sicans, and Elymi-Legends and traces of Elymi eastward, and of

Sicans and Sicels westward-Crete and Sicily-Hellenic influence on

conterminal barbarians - Chalcidian colonies-Dorian colonies-

Dorieus the Spartan

31

CHAPTER III.

THE SPIRIT OF HELLENIC COLONIZATION.

Wars of ravage and of conquest-Early migrations and settlement of
Hellas-The re-action of colonization-Phæacia an Homeric colony
-Colony and metropolis in the story of Corcyra-Original constitu-
tion of a colony-Assaults on the privileged-Rise and fall of the
tyrant-Constituent legislation-Phalaris and his brazen bull in
tradition and history-Stesichorus, politician and poet-Epic sub-
jects in lyric form-The sources of the legend of the Æneis

48

425267

CHAPTER IV.

HIPPOCRATES AND GELON, TYRANTS OF GELA.

Hippocrates, tyrant of Gela, 498 B.C.-Anaxilaus, tyrant of Rhegium,

494-476 B.C.-Double betrayal of Zancleans and Samian refugees,

492 B.C.-The sway of Hippocrates-Reduces Sicels and Ionian

cities-Attacks Dorian Syracuse, 491 B. C.-Gelon, tyrant of Gela-

His ancestor, Telines of Telos, hierophant of Chthonian gods-

Political influence of sacred office-Olympic victory and dedication

of Gelon, 488 B.C.

PAGE

66

CHAPTER V.

GELON, TYRANT OF SYRACUSE, AND THERON, OF ACRAGAS.

Acquisition of Syracuse by Gelon, 485 B. C.-Transferred populations and

extension of the city-Theron, tyrant of Acragas-Expels Terillus,

tyrant of Himera, 482 B. C.-Perils from Carthage coincident with

Persian invasion of Greece, 480 B. C.-Hellenic suit to Gelon, 480 B.C.

Resources of Syracuse-Pretensions and retort of Gelon-Cartha-

ginian invasion of Sicily-Disaster of fleet of Hamilcar-Theron and

Gelon at Himera-Stratagem and victory of Gelon -Destruction of

Carthaginians-Use and fruits of victory-Captives and spoil-

Works at Acragas-Syracusan coins and symbols-Dedications for

victory-Alliances of the tyrants-Glory and popularity of Gelon,

478 B. C..

76

CHAPTER VI.

ARISTODEMUS OF CUME.

Missions from Rome to Gelon and Cumæ, circ. 492 B. C.-Story of Cuma

-Great victory over barbarians, 524 B.C.-Factions in the city—

Relief of Aricia besieged by Aruns, son of Porsena, 504 B.C.—

Seizure of tyranny by Aristodemus-His enormities, policy, and

destruction, 490 B.C.

CHAPTER VII.

HIERO, TYRANT OF SYRACUSE.

Succession of Gelon, 478 B.C.-Hiero and Polyzelus joint guardians of

heir-Present sovereignty of Hiero-Jealousies and revolt of Poly-

zelus-Interference of Theron-Simonides as conciliator-Hiero

and Themistocles at Olympia, 476 B.C.-Ætna founded-Expedi-

tion to Cumæ, 474 B. C. and naval victory over Etruscans-Dedicated

helmet in British Museum-Death of Theron, 472 B. C.-Succession

and fall of his son Thrasydæus, 471 B. C.-Acragas a republic

113

121

CHAPTER VIII.

HIERO OF SYRACUSE-PATRON OF ART.

The court of Hiero, 468 B.C.-Luxury and mistrust-The fortune of the

Arts under tyrannies-Eschylus and Pindar in Sicily-Simonides

of Cos-Bacchylides-Dorian comedy in Megara and Sicily, 470 B.C.

-Epicharmus-Phormis-Olympic dedications-Archaic statuary,

Attic and Eginetan, 467 B. C. The sculptor Pythagoras of

Rhegium-The heirs of Anaxilaus, 477 B. C.-Dedicated statues of

their guardian Micythus

-

PAGE

136

CHAPTER IX.

SELINUS: ARCHITECTURE IN SICILY.

The story of Selinus, 600-409 B. C.-Extent of its ruins-Scantiness of

records-Sicilian Doric Architecture and Attic-Development of

Architecture observable at Selinus-Colossal temples at Agrigentum

-Architecture at Syracuse

153

CHAPTER X.

THE SUBVERSION OF THE TYRANNIES.

The heir of Gelon under guardianship of Thrasybulus-Family dissen-

tions-Designs and fall of Thrasybulus and overthrow of the dynasty

-Syracuse an aristocracy according to definition of Aristotle,

465 B.C.-Gelonian insurrection suppressed-Counter revolutions

throughout Sicily, 461 B.C.-Rise of the Sicel Ducetius-Political

development of Central Hellas overtaken in Sicily--Democracy es-

tablished at Syracuse, 452 B. C.-Agitation and destruction of

Tyndarion - Petalism-Naval expeditions westward against Etrus-

-

Ducetius organizes confederacy of Sicel towns-Founds Palike-Besieges

Motyon in Agrigentine territory-Successes against Syracusans-

Subsequent defeat and desertion-Ducetius a refugee at Syracuse —

Is received generously and relegated to Corinth-Jealousy of

Acragas at influence of Syracuse-Loses battle and sues for peace-

Ducetius re-appears in Sicily, 446 B. C.-Plans cut short by death-

Syracuse subjugates the Sicels, 439 B.C.

179