Fractals in the Earth SciencesC.C. Barton, P.R. La Pointe Springer Science & Business Media, 2013年6月29日 - 265 頁 Fractals have changed the way we understand and study nature. This change has been brought about mainly by the work of B. B. Mandelbrot and his book The Fractal Geometry of Nature. Now here is a book that collects articles treating fractals in the earth sciences. The themes chosen span, as is appropriate for a discourse on fractals, many orders of magnitude; including earthquakes, ocean floor topography, fractures, faults, mineral crystallinity, gold and silver deposition. There are also chapters on dynamical processes that are fractal, such as rivers, earthquakes, and a paper on self-organized criticality. Many of the chapters discuss how to estimate fractal dimensions, Hurst exponents, and other scaling exponents. This book, in a way, represents a snapshot of a field in which fractals has brought inspiration and a fresh look at familiar subjects. New ideas and attempts to quantify the world we see around us are found throughout. Many of these ideas will grow and inspire further work, others will be superseded by new observations and insights, most probably with future contributions by the authors of these chapters. |
內容
1 | |
1 | 20 |
12 | 37 |
Some Remarks on the Numerical Estimation of Fractal Dimension | 65 |
Example of Rough | 77 |
5 | 87 |
A Review and a Model | 107 |
Fractal Transitions on Geological Surfaces | 131 |
Fractal Fragmentation in Crustal Shear Zones | 182 |
Implications of Brittle | 205 |
103 | 216 |
66 | 224 |
Fractal Dynamics of Earthquakes | 227 |
Fractal Method | 237 |
Fractal Structure of Electrum Dendrites in Bonanza Epithermal AuAg | 251 |
260 | |
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abyssal hills American Geophysical Union amplitude analysis analyzed approximately average Barton behavior Biegel Cantor dust cell characteristic comminution crossover length crystals data sets deformation dendrites displacement distribution of fault divider method earthquakes electrum estimated Euclidean example exponent ẞ fault gouge fault lengths fault surfaces fault zones FIGURE fractal dimension fractal distribution fractal fragmentation fractal geometry fractal limit fracture networks fracture patterns fracture trace maps frequency friction function Geol geological Geophys Gutenberg-Richter law Koch curve linear Lorraine coal basin magnification Malinverno Mandelbrot map in Fig measured Mechanics natural fault normal faults observed offset parameters particle plot power law power spectra power spectral density pox diagram Pure Appl random rock roughness Sammis sample self-affine fractal self-organized critical self-similar shear shown in Fig slope smaller spacing spatial spectral exponent spectrum statistical synthetic Tullis Turcotte two-dimensional upper values volcanic wavelength Yucca Mountain