The Indian Forester, 第 16 卷R.P. Sharma, 1890 |
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常見字詞
Acacia Acacia Catechu acid acres amount animals annual Article babul bamboo bark browsing Burma catechin catechu cattle cent climate coast Colonies conifers Conservator considerable coppice crop Dietrich Brandis district Divisional Forest Officer effect export extract fact feet felling fibres firewood fodder forest area Forest Department forest growth Forest Officer Forest School forestry goats goats and sheep Government grass grazing ground Hardwickia hence Himalayas important inches India Indian Forester land less logs manure matter ment moisture myrobalans nitrification nitrogen obtained Oudh pasture pine plants poles portion present produce purposes quantity rain rainfall region reserves result revenue right-holders roots Sál Salzkammergut Schlich season seedlings seeds sheep sheep and goats shoots slopes soil species split spruce square miles stems sufficient supply sylviculture tannic acid tannin tanning teak tiger timber tion trees vegetation wood yield young
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第 199 頁 - But on looking closely between the stems of the heath, I found a multitude of seedlings and little trees which had been perpetually browsed down by the cattle. In one square yard, at a point some...
第 199 頁 - Here there are extensive heaths, with a few clumps of old Scotch firs on the distant hill-tops: within the last ten years large spaces have been enclosed, and self-sown firs are now springing up in multitudes, so close together that all cannot live. When I ascertained that these young trees had not been sown or planted, I was so much surprised at their numbers that I went to several points of view, whence I could examine hundreds of acres of the unenclosed heath, and literally I could not see a single...
第 199 頁 - I counted thirty-two little trees; and one of them, with twenty-six rings of growth, had, during many years, tried to raise its head above the stems of the heath, and had failed. No wonder that, as soon as the land was enclosed, it became thickly clothed with vigorously growing young firs. Yet the heath was so extremely barren and so extensive that no one would ever have imagined that cattle would have so closely and effectually searched it for food.
第 199 頁 - But how important an element enclosure is, I plainly saw near Farnham, in Surrey. Here there are extensive heaths, with a few clumps of old Scotch firs on the distant hilltops : within the last ten years large spaces have been enclosed, and self-sown firs are now springing up in multitudes, so close together that all cannot live.
第 199 頁 - I found a multitude of seedlings and little trees which had been perpetually browsed down by the cattle. In one square yard, at a point some hundred yards distant from one of the old clumps, I counted thirtytwo little trees; and one of them, with twentysix rings of growth, had, during many years, tried to raise its head above the stems of the heath, and had failed.
第 324 頁 - ... firewood, and partly on account of the fresh impetus given to cultivation on both sides of the lines. I have watched this last process, and I can testify from personal experience how fatal railway extension is to forests which are not subject to proper control and protection. For some time matters went smoothly enough in India, but then the shoe commenced to pinch. Difficulty was experienced in meeting the demands of timber for public works, sleepers had to be imported from foreign countries,...
第 321 頁 - ... sparse, and more dry, until they gradually end in desert. Consequently, the evergreen forests are found along the moist west coast of the Peninsula, in the coast districts of Burma, Chittagong, and along the foot and lower slopes of the Eastern Himalayas. The deciduous forests occupy the greater part of the Peninsula, and Burma away from the coast. Dry forests are found in Rajputana and the Punjab, while deserts are the principal feature of Sind.* With rising elevation in the hills, the forests...
第 371 頁 - June making them punishable as high misdemeanours by transportation for seven years, or imprisonment, with or without hard labour, for a term not exceeding three years, — the culprit ' to be publicly or privately whipped, as often, and in such manner and form, as the Court shall direct, not exceeding thrice.
第 284 頁 - The extensive plains and tablelands of India are in spring and summer heated to a much higher degree than the surrounding sea, while during winter the air overlying the sea is warmer than that over the dry land — in other words, sea breezes prevail during summer, and land breezes during winter. This subject is of so interesting a nature that I may be permitted to say something more about it.
第 461 頁 - BO subdivided, all existing forest and timber reserves may be reserved from sale, lease, or otherwise, as the Minister may think proper. (3) The Governor may dedicate or reserve any State forest, or any portion thereof, for a specified period for the conservation of timber, and such forest shall not, during the term of reservation, be open to timber or other licences or permits. (4) The Governor may frame regulations for the issue of licences or rights to cut and remove timber on State forests or...