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We are not going to handle all of the teachers as groups. It will depend on what they are here for. Some of these groups have teachers who come here and are selected for periods of observation and training in certain specific things.

There we find they can get better training if we handle them as smaller groups.

In the exchange we have with the United Kingdom, that is what we call almost a job exchange. A mathematics teacher will go to Oklahoma City in some school, and the teacher here will exchange that job and teach the same subject there.

We have found because there is no language problem in Great Britain that that type of exchange project works well.

In other countries where there is a language problem the thing we find in many instances is that there is a teacher shortage. We cannot bring the teachers here for a full year.

In one country in particular the officials of the Ministry of Education have been very worried about Communist infiltration in the secondary schools.

They have proposed to us a carefully selected group of teachers who would be brought over here for a rather intensive period during the time when they can be permitted to leave their schools.

We would then try to arrange that as a project in which we would have small groups and insure that they have community contacts. We would insure they learn the kinds of things we have in America, how our democracy works, things that would be useful back there. Mr. PRESTON. What size groups?

SIZE OF PROPOSED GROUPS

Mr. JOHNSTONE. Probably around 10 or 15, not more than 20. Mr. PRESTON. I do not agree with your thinking on that. I think you are going to make a colony of foreigners. You are going to have them flocking together because of a common tongue, rather than have them become a campus stand-out like most of these students over here have been.

They have been among the top students and among the most popular students on the campus. It is because of the oddity of their nationality, for one thing, their eagerness to associate and to learn the habits and customs of the country.

They have been tremendously impressed with the attention that has been shown them. If you put 25 of them together on one campus, you will have them living together, practicing their customs together. Mr. JOHNSTONE. No

Mr. PRESTON. You say not. If you find Americans abroad, you will find they huddle together.

Mr. JOHNSTONE. I did not mean we are going to do that with all the teachers that we are going to bring over. The group projects would be with certain selected groups, and would probably be less than 50 percent of the total we are planning to bring over.

They would be advanced teachers, mature people, who would be here for short terms.

They would not be living together. Our experience has shown in this past year that it is easy to make arrangements so they are living individually in American homes.

METHODS OF >

Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Johnste formation about what mer to receive benefits of the "i Mr. JOHNSTONE. May I and then by the foreign 1

The American nationa advisers on all campuses o mittees. We have set mittees. We have a nat For recipients of Fu the Board of Foreign S Therefore, the Amer He is personally interv of the local committee: selection committee, by the Board of Foreign Overseas we have a icans and nationals of tute the initial screen committees. Persona then approve or disa: The application co here. It is finally a

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(The requested information follows:)

Statement of number of grants by country for the 1952 fiscal year financed from appropriated dollars and Fulbright foreign currencies

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NOTE 1.-This statement does not include 670 foreign nationals to study in American schools abroad under Public Law 584, 79th Cong.

NOTE 2.-This statement does not include 70 grants (67 in and 3 out) for Finnish program (Public Law 265).

Mr. STEFAN. What is the total, both Fulbright and your dollar money?

Mr. BUNDY. In 1952 we will have 4,741. In addition, we will give 670 grants for foreign nationals to study in American schools abroad. I indicate that separately because they do not come to the United States.

COMMUNISTS

Mr. HUMELSINE. I am not sure about this program, but we have a provision in the act that provides that from time to time we may bring a person here who has been a member of the Communist Party. Sometimes they are brought in.

Mr. ROONEY. There is already in the record a statement with regard to this, furnished by the Department of Justice, showing the number of people requested by the State Department to be admitted under a

waiver.

Mr. JOHNSTONE. We have not brought any Communists in under this program. Those which we have requested have related to the Italian and German programs, where it has been a question of nominal membership at a young age in the Nazi or Fascist organization.

They would not all be taking the same classes in any university. We have found that in mature teachers, where we are bringing them over here for some specific and rather intensive training, it is more economical and that it produces somewhat better results if it is handled in a group.

We are not intending to do that entirely.

GROUPING OF EXCHANGE STUDENTS

Mr. PRESTON. What about the student exchange?

Mr. JOHNSTONE. On that we are placing them as widely throughout the United States as possible.

Mr. PRESTON. You do not contemplate any grouping of the students?

Mr. JOHNSTONE. No, sir. We do find that where you have 30 foreign students who happen to be placed in a university who are studying public information the university authorities themselves will pay special attention to their studies.

That is far from a group project.

Mr. PRESTON. If you want to get the best result from these programs you had better put these students out in small colleges in reasonably small communities, rather than in metropolitan areas where they live a rather secluded life because of the dense population and size and magnitude of the institution.

Mr. JOHNSTONE. I thoroughly agree with you.

Mr. PRESTON. I have observed this down in the State of Georgia. I was impressed with the attitude of the German students when they got ready to leave this country. I asked what prompted one person to seek the opportunity to study in America. He said, "I was first prompted by the fact that I was a prisoner of war of the Americans and learned to appreciate their fairness and kind treatment. spired me to know more about America and its customs."

SHIFT TO OFFICE OF EDUCATION

You are dispensing with the services of the Institute of International Education?

Mr. JOHNSTONE. With respect to the teachers.
Mr. PRESTON. You are dissatisfied with them?

Mr. JOHNSTONE. This is a recommendation of the management group. It was to concentrate it in the agencies which have the competence of handling the programs, in the Office of Education where they have the contacts with our teachers' colleges, with small colleges, with the field of secondary and high school education.

By and large, the Office of Education will handle the specific administration of the teacher program. We are still using the Institute of International Education on our student program.

Some of the foreign students are teacher trainees. Those are handled as students, sir, and sent around to small colleges. I have many letters from students who have gone to these small colleges, as you say, up to New York State, down South, the Middle West, and far West.

Mr. PRESTON. I have no objection to your using the facilities of the Office of Education. If they can do the job, well and good. I am not suggesting that you should use the services of the Institute of International Education, but I think you will make a mistake if you group them.

Mr. BARRETT. I think it would be a mistake to colonize them.
Mr. PRESTON. That is all, Mr. Chairman.

OFFICE OF EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE

Mr. FLOOD. The next item is the Office of Educational Exchange which begins on page 663 of the justifications. If there is no objection, we will insert page 663 in the record at this point. (The material referred to is as follows:)

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Mr. FLOOD. Are you going to direct your attention to that, Mr. Johnstone?

Mr. JOHNSTONE. Yes, sir.

Mr. FLOOD. Will you give us generally a brief justification for this office?

Mr. JOHNSTONE. The Office of the Director and the immediate staff is responsible for planning and development

Mr. FLOOD. May I interrupt to point out this, that I notice from the justification on page 663 that there is a requested increase in the amount of $27,073? Are there any increases in personnel, new bodies?

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