Mr. ROONEY. Anything else?

Mr. BROWN. I believe that was all.

Mr. WILBER. There was a total allotment of only $500 for the year, which includes both domestic and foreign travel.

Mr. ROONEY. Is there anything else you want to say, Mr. Brown? Mr. BROWN. Yes.

Mr. ROONEY. In justification of this item?

TELEPHONE CALLS

Mr. BROWN. We have one other officer in the Office who handles exclusively telephone calls from Members of Congress and letters from Members of Congress. There is one assistant charged with seeing that replies are prepared to all letters, and all information that is asked for over the telephone is provided.

Mr. ROONEY. Why could not this all be done by having two intelligent telephone operators refer the Member's call to the desk in the State Department that is concerned, or to whatever official in the Department is concerned? Why the necessity for this $171,000?

Mr. BROWN. Some of the questions that come up are not so easy to answer. We find the most efficient way to get the information to the Member of Congress is to take the question and then get in touch with the particular office concerned and put him in touch with the Member of Congress.

Mr. ROONEY. Why could not that be done as I suggested?
Mr. BROWN. We did that in the past, and even with the-

Mr. ROONEY. Has there been any improvement in the relationship at the Capitol as a result of installing this luxurious office of 27 people, calling for an expenditure of $171,000?

Mr. BROWN. That office has been in existence for a number of years; it has not been just installed. I would say that there has been improvement.

NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES

Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Wilber, how many employees were there in this office in the fiscal year 1949?

Mr. WILBER. I do not have the 1949 figure with me, but I will be glad to supply it.

Mr. ROONEY. Will you insert in the record the number for each of the years since 1945?

Mr. WILBER. We will be glad to do that.

(The information requested follows:)

Number of employees engaged in congressional relations activity

Mr. WILBER. I might say that there were 25 in this office in 1950, and 27 in 1951.

Mr. BROWN. This office was organized with an Assistant Secretary some 2 years

Mr. ROONEY. Not more than two years ago?

Mr. BROWN. It was about 2 years ago.

Mr. HUMELSINE. As a result of the reorganization.

Mr. ROONEY. What did you have before that?

Mr. BROWN. The Office of the Counselor of the Department, handling Congressional Relations at that time, with a staff of approximately this same size. I do not have the exact figure.

PREPARATION OF LEGISLATIVE MEASURES

Mr. PRESTON. How many bills did this staff actually prepare for submission to Congress in the fiscal year 1950?

Mr. BROWN. During the fiscal year?

Mr. PRESTON. Yes.

Mr. BROWN. I have the figures on the basis of the calendar year. Mr. PRESTON. That is good enough.

Mr. BROWN. We have prepared approximately 96 legislative

measures.

Mr. PRESTON. How many were submitted?

Mr. BROWN. Approximately 36 were finally sent to the Congress. Mr. PRESTON. 36 out of 96 prepared?

Mr. BROWN. Yes.

Mr. PRESTON. And of those, 36 bills reached Congress. Now, did you actually prepare, your legal section in the Department of State, prepare, and send up that legislation?

Mr. BROWN. We worked in the preparation of the legislation from its conception on to the presentation to Congress. We worked with the officials, the departments concerned, on the preparation of the bill, preparatory to its presentation, the selection of the witnesses and the preparation of the witnesses.

Mr. PRESTON. Did this legislation have to go through the program planning group?

Mr. BROWN. The program planning?

Mr. PRESTON. Yes; you have in the Department some set-upMr. ROONEY. Policy planning?

Mr. PRESTON. A program planning or policy planning set-up?

Mr. BROWN. All of it does not go through policy planning; some of the bills are minor bills.

REPORTS ON LEGISLATION

Now in addition to the bills that we are responsible for preparing, we also have to prepare reports upon legislation, on bills that are introduced in the Congress. The State Department's position has to be formulated and sent to the committees concerned with the legislation. During the year 1950 we had 335 bills submitted to us by committee chairmen for reports.

Mr. PRESTON. All right, let us take the bills that are submitted to you from the Congress: When a bill is introduced and the committee sends it down to the State Department, do they ask you to write a report on that bill?

Mr. BROWN. No.

Mr. PRESTON. The bill goes to the section that writes the report, they send it back to you for transmittal to Congress?

Mr. BROWN. They write the report and we check the report to see that the views that are expressed and the information expresses the

views of the Department.

in writing the report.

Furthermore, from time to time, we assist

Mr. PRESTON. All right, let us go back to the question of the preparation of bills. How many bills did your section actually prepare of the 96? You said a moment ago that 36 were submitted to Congress. How many did you actually prepare in your section?

Mr. BROWN. We did not write any, entirely by ourselves. We cooperated in the drafting of all of them.

Mr. PRESTON. I get then, from your description of the work done in this section, that you are a very vital link in this chain of red tape in the Department; you seem to fit into the picture, but you do not actually do very much, do you?

Mr. BROWN. I think we do a great deal.

Mr. PRESTON. You do not prepare any bills; you do not write any reports. You receive congressional requests?

Mr. BROWN. Yes.

Mr. PRESTON. When you get a congressional request you do not do anything except to refer it to the proper service in the State Department which has to do the work?

Mr. BROWN. No; we refer it to them for action, but we work with them in the preparation of reports affecting other areas of the department besides the one to which it has come for action, from Economic Affairs, for instance.

We get the people together and come up with the Department's position on the bill.

Mr. PRESTON. As a matter of fact, it seems to me your most important function is, from the Department of State standpoint, that of exercising control over congressional relationships for the benefit of the Department rather than having the various subdivisions of the State Department deal directly with Members of Congress.

Mr. BROWN. That I can say is not the purpose of the Department, but from comments we have had we think it is beneficial to the Congress, to have one office that they know they can call and get service. Mr. PRESTON. Well, that is a debatable statement.

Mr. BROWN. As I say, that is based on information that has come to us from Members of Congress who have called on us.

Mr. PRESTON. If you will go back and look up the import tax on lumber by the Cuban Government and see how long that item has been in your office, without any effective action being taken-

Mr. BROWN. There are some problems, of course, that are not immediately solvable.

Mr. PRESTON. That should not be, by agreement, under the reciprocal trade agreement-and I have even gone to Habana myself and talked to the Ambassador there about it, and yet the situation stays the same. I know I have called down there trying to get something done about this, but have not been able to do anything so far. That is a matter that the liaison section handles; I have contacted Mr. McFall on that, but still the tax is charged. Ambassador Butler has tried to obtain relief but to no avail.

Mr. ROONEY. While we are on this subject: Is there any particular reason why we have been denied the privilege of meeting with Mr. Moreland?

Mr. BROWN. No, and I shall see that is corrected.
Mr. ROONEY. Perhaps you will not need to do so.

PREPARATION OF LETTERS TO MEMBERS OF CONGRESS

Now, you say you wrote 6,300 letters to Members of Congress. That is about 31 a day, is it not?

Mr. BROWN. Over the whole year, yes. That is the average. Of course, they were not all received in that ratio.

Mr. ROONEY. You do not show very much in results with regard to bills before the Congress, and now it turns out that you are answering only approximately 31 letters a day, and you have a staff of 27 people that cost the taxpayers $171,747,

OFFICE OF THE UNDER SECRETARY

Mr. MARSHALL. I have a question concerning the item on page 15, the Office of the Under Secretary. In 1950 you showed 26 actually employed, and in 1951 it shows 36. This next year also the same figure of 36. Would you comment on that, please?

Mr. ROONEY. That was when Mr. Webb came into the Department and we gave him additional employees, following the reorganization of the Department, pursuant to the so-called Hoover Commission report. Is that correct?

Mr. HUMELSINE. That is correct, yes.

Mr. WILBER (interposing). Also, the scientific staff came in about that time.

SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE UNDER SECRETARY, FISH AND WILDLIFE

Mr. MARSHALL. I think it is on page 16 you refer to about eight positions for the Special Assistant to the Under Secretary, Fish and Wildlife Service. Briefly what is the State Department's connection with Fish and Wildlife?

Mr. McWILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, the Department has responsibility for negotiating all of the international treaties concerning fishing rights. For example, at the present time, on the east coast and also on the west coast, fishermen, United States nationals, are fishing in international waters. It is necessary to have conservation measures in effect as between governments.

For example, with Canada we have the halibut treaty and the salmon treaty by which each Government undertakes to conserve the fish in the area in which both countries fish, to see that there is a continual reproduction of resources and that the fisheries are not depleted. There is a commission which regulates and which conserves the fisheries in those territories.

We have treaties with several South American countries as to fisheries rights. This section has the responsibility of negotiating those treaties, under which the United States fisheries industry is protected in international waters. When fishermen from the United States get into trouble by moving outside the boundaries of waters covered by treaty, and where they have no right to be, they may be arrested or they may be put in prison, and this section has the responsibility to see that appropriate diplomatic action is taken to assure that proper safeguards are give to United States fishermen.

Mr. MARSHALL. Do you have anything to do with the oyster proposition out here in Virginia-Maryland?

Mr. McWILLIAMS. No; our responsibility is not inland; it is international.

Mr. MARSHALL. Who handles that-the Department of the Interior?

Mr. McWILLIAMS. Yes; the Fish and Wildlife Service of the Department of the Interior.

Mr. MARSHALL. In connection with the activities of the Department of the Interior you work rather closely with them?

Mr. McWILLIAMS. We work closely with the Department, and they furnish us with the technical information which we need to do our negotiating with other governments. We confine our activities to dealing with other governments, and on fish and wildlife matters the technical information, such as how fast certain kinds of fish can reproduce, and what waters produce most highly, and things of that nature we leave to specialists and technicians in the Department of the Interior, who furnish us with advice and with the information we require in our negotiations with other governments.

OFFICE OF THE AMBASSADOR AT LARGE

Mr. STEFAN. Who is the Ambassador at Large?

Mr. McWILLIAMS. That is Ambassador Philip C. Jessup.

Mr. STEFAN. Does this $78,637 for that office include travel?
Mr. WILBER. No.

Mr. STEFAN. How is that shown?

Mr. WILBER. That is included in the allotment for the Office of the Secretary.

Mr. STEFAN. How much?

Mr. WILBER. The total amount is $32,000 for 1951..

Mr. STEFAN. What is the estimate for the next fiscal year?

Mr. WILBER. $35,000; that is both domestic and foreign travel.

POLICY PLANNING STAFF

Mr. STEFAN. Tell me about this Policy Planning Staff. What are the duties of those 28 people?

Mr. McWILLIAMS. The Policy Planning Staff was established about 3 or 31⁄2 years ago at the time General Marshall became Secretary of State. Its responsibility is to look forward to what problems may confront the United States in the coming period and to try to develop policies or procedures which will give us a head start on facing the things which are coming up. It is an attempt to look into the future and to plan in advance.

I might say over the 3 years it has been very successful. As I am sure you are aware, Mr. George Kennan was its first chief. He developed procedures by which the staff brings to bear the combined judgment of a group of outstanding men on the particular things they have need to study. In addition, they bring in outside experts, people who are known to be specialists in certain areas, on certain types of problems-to give the Department their best advice.

Mr. STEFAN. This $223,957 does not include travel or the employment of specialists?

Mr. McWILLIAMS. No, sir; that is correct.

Mr. WILBER. That is also included in the total amount for the Secretary's office, Mr. Stefan.