The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial ChinaStanford University Press, 2001 - 580 頁 In 1644, the Manchus, a relatively unknown people inhabiting China s rude northeastern frontier, overthrew the Ming, Asia s mightiest rulers, and established the Qing dynasty, which endured to 1912. From this event arises one of Chinese history s great conundrums: How did a barely literate alien people manage to remain in power for nearly 300 years over a highly cultured population that was vastly superior in number? This problem has fascinated scholars for almost a century, but until now no one has approached the question from the Manchu point of view. This book, the first in any language to be based mainly on Manchu documents, supplies a radically new perspective on the formative period of the modern Chinese nation. Drawing on recent critical notions of ethnicity, the author explores the evolution of the "Eight Banners, a unique Manchu system of social and military organization that was instrumental in the conquest of the Ming. The author argues that as rulers of China the Manchu conquerors had to behave like Confucian monarchs, but that as a non-Han minority they faced other, more complex considerations as well. Their power derived not only from the acceptance of orthodox Chinese notions of legitimacy, but also, the author suggests, from Manchu "ethnic sovereignty, which depended on the sustained coherence of the conquerors. When, in the early 1700s, this coherence was threatened by rapid acculturation and the prospective loss of Manchu distinctiveness, the Qing court, always insecure, desperately urged its minions to uphold the traditions of an idealized "Manchu Way. However, the author shows that it was not this appeal but rather the articulation of a broader identity grounded in the realities of Eight Banner life that succeeded in preserving Manchu ethnicity, and the Qing dynasty along with it, into the twentieth century. |
搜尋書籍內容
第 1 到 5 筆結果,共 86 筆
第 ix 頁
... Population 363 Appendix B. Ranks in the Eight Banners 365 Appendix C. Foundation and Expansion of Provincial Garrisons 369 Notes 373 Chinese Character Glossary 505 References 511 Index 551 LIST OF MAPS AND FIGURES Maps I. Manchuria in ...
... Population 363 Appendix B. Ranks in the Eight Banners 365 Appendix C. Foundation and Expansion of Provincial Garrisons 369 Notes 373 Chinese Character Glossary 505 References 511 Index 551 LIST OF MAPS AND FIGURES Maps I. Manchuria in ...
第 xii 頁
... Population in Beijing , 1657 and 1720 2.3 . Approximate Population Densities of Eight Banner Garrisons 3.1 . " Mortality " Among Garrison Generals , Governors - General , and Board Presidents , 1644-1795 3.2 . Average and Median Tenure ...
... Population in Beijing , 1657 and 1720 2.3 . Approximate Population Densities of Eight Banner Garrisons 3.1 . " Mortality " Among Garrison Generals , Governors - General , and Board Presidents , 1644-1795 3.2 . Average and Median Tenure ...
第 11 頁
... population or screen out the attractions of Chinese culture . By the end of the century these all but fruitless attempts to prevent assimilation were abandoned.40 The Manchus , it seemed , were doomed . This leads us back to the ...
... population or screen out the attractions of Chinese culture . By the end of the century these all but fruitless attempts to prevent assimilation were abandoned.40 The Manchus , it seemed , were doomed . This leads us back to the ...
第 14 頁
... population , which called these groups collec- tively " banner people " and tended to assume , correctly or not , that qiren were all Manchu , as well as among the court and those in the banners them- selves , who often , though not ...
... population , which called these groups collec- tively " banner people " and tended to assume , correctly or not , that qiren were all Manchu , as well as among the court and those in the banners them- selves , who often , though not ...
第 21 頁
... population of the country grew from roughly 130 million in 1650 to 320 million by 1800 , and then to 420 million by 1850.70 This boom was accom- panied by a substantial increase of cultivated land and a steady growth in the national ...
... population of the country grew from roughly 130 million in 1650 to 320 million by 1800 , and then to 420 million by 1850.70 This boom was accom- panied by a substantial increase of cultivated land and a steady growth in the national ...
內容
XIV | 39 |
XV | 42 |
XVI | 47 |
XVII | 52 |
XVIII | 56 |
XIX | 63 |
XX | 72 |
XXI | 78 |
L | 234 |
LI | 235 |
LII | 241 |
LIII | 246 |
LIV | 255 |
LV | 257 |
LVI | 263 |
LVII | 268 |
XXII | 89 |
XXIII | 90 |
XXIV | 93 |
XXV | 98 |
XXVI | 105 |
XXVII | 116 |
XXVIII | 122 |
XXIX | 128 |
XXX | 133 |
XXXI | 134 |
XXXII | 138 |
XXXIII | 146 |
XXXIV | 152 |
XXXV | 156 |
XXXVI | 160 |
XXXVII | 164 |
XXXVIII | 175 |
XXXIX | 182 |
XL | 191 |
XLI | 197 |
XLII | 210 |
XLIV | 212 |
XLV | 216 |
XLVI | 219 |
XLVII | 225 |
XLVIII | 227 |
XLIX | 230 |
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常見字詞
acculturation Archives banner garrisons banner households banner officials banner system Beijing bondservant BQTZ capital Ch'ing Chapter China Chinese banner Chinese bannermen chubanshe cited civil clan companies conquest court Crossley cultural Ding dynasty early edict Eight Banners eighteenth century elite Fusen Gaozong Gaozong shilu garrison bannermen Green Standard Army Guangzhou gurun Han Chinese Hangzhou Hong Taiji Hosoya hunt Ibid institutional janggin Jianzhou Jingzhou Jurchen Kangxi emperor KXMaZPZZ language Late Imperial later lieutenant lineage Manchu and Mongol Manchu banners Manchu cities Manchu identity Manchu language Manju Manzhou Manzu MBRT memorial military Ming minzu Mongol Mongol banners Nanjing nation Ningxia niru Nurhaci original palace percent political population posts practice provincial garrisons Qianlong emperor Qing Dynasty Qing rule Qingdai baqi zhufang QLMaZPZZ shamanism Shengzu shilu Shinchō slaves status SYBQ taels Taizu tion troops University Press Xi'an yanjiu Yongzheng emperor YZMaZPZZ Zhapu
熱門章節
第 xxv 頁 - Our youth, of labor patient, earn their bread ; Hardly they work with frugal diet fed. From ploughs and harrows sent to seek renown, They fight in fields, and storm the shaken town.
第 xxv 頁 - Th' inverted lance makes furrows in the plain. Ev'n time, that changes all, yet changes us in vain — The body, not the mind — nor can controul Th' immortal vigour, or abate the soul.
第 22 頁 - I have heard of men using the doctrines of our great land to change barbarians, but I have never yet heard of any being changed by barbarians.
第 xx 頁 - Additional research was assisted by a research grant from the Joint Committee on Chinese Studies of the American Council of Learned Societies and the Social Science Research Council, with funds provided by the Andrew W.