Mixture and Chemical Combination: And Related EssaysSpringer Science & Business Media, 2002年1月31日 - 322 頁 Table of Contents Mixture and Chemical Combination : And Related Essays by Duhem, Pierre Maurice Marie; Needham, Paul (Editor, Introduction by, Translator) Terms of Use Introduction Preface Part 1 The Origins of the Chemical Revolution Mixture and Chemical Combination (1902 1 Mixts According to the Atomists and According to the Peripatetics 2 The Notion of a Mixt in the Seventeenth Century 3 The Notion of a Mixt in the Eighteenth Century up to the Chemical Revolution: the Newtonian School 3 The Notion of a Mixt in the Eighteenth Century up to the Chemical Revolution: the Empiricist School Part 2 From the Chemical Revolution to Our Time 1 Simple Substances 2 The Law of Definite Proportions 3 Crude Chemical Formulas and Equivalent Masses 4 Chemical Substitution 5 Chemical Types 6 Condensed Types, Valency and Developed Formulas 7 Isomers and Stereochemistry 8 The Atomic Theory: Critique of this Theory 9 Chemical Mechanics: First Attempts 10 Chemical Mechanics Based on Thermodynamics Conclusion Essays Index Descriptive content provided by Syndetics"! a Bowker service. Summary Mixture and Chemical Combination : And Related Essays by Duhem, Pierre Maurice Marie; Needham, Paul (Editor, Introduction by, Translator) Terms of use In addition to lecturing in physics, Duhem began to publish articles on philosophical and historical topics related to his scientific interests in the late 19th century, many of which appeared in the Catholic journal Revue des questions scientifiques. The present volume focuses on chemistry, and includes the book, Le mixte et la combinaison chimique (1902), as well as several related articles from Revue des questions scientifiques and other sources, appearing here in English translation for the first time. Translated by Paul Needham (U. of Stockholm). For Duhem scholars, philosophers of science and chemists with an interest in philosophy. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR. Descriptive content provided by Syndetics"! a Bowker service. |
內容
MIXTS ACCORDING TO THE ATOMISTS AND ACCORDING TO THE PERIPATETICS | 5 |
THE NOTION OF A MIXT IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY | 9 |
THE NOTION OF A MIXT IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY UP TO THE CHEMICAL REVOLUTION THE NEWTONIAN SCHOOL | 17 |
THE NOTION OF A MIXT IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY UP TO THE CHEMICAL REVOLUTION THE EMPIRICIST SCHOOL | 22 |
From the chemical revolution to our time | 29 |
SIMPLE SUBSTANCES | 31 |
THE LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS | 34 |
CRUDE CHEMICAL FORMULAS AND EQUIVALENT MASSES | 43 |
CHEMICAL MECHANICS BASED ON THERMODYNAMICS | 107 |
CONCLUSION | 114 |
THEORIES OF HEAT | 121 |
The Creators of Thermodynamics | 148 |
Heat and Movement | 177 |
THE EVOLUTION OF PHYSICAL THEORIES FROM THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY TO OUR DAY | 193 |
THERMOCHEMISTRY IN CONNECTION WITH A RECENT BOOK OF MARCELIN BERTHELOT | 215 |
THE PHASE LAW IN CONNECTION WITH A RECENT BOOK OF WILDER D BANCROFT | 235 |
CHEMICAL SUBSTITUTION | 57 |
CHEMICAL TYPES | 62 |
CONDENSED TYPES VALENCY AND DEVELOPED FORMULAS | 68 |
ISOMERS AND STEREOCHEMISTRY | 78 |
THE ATOMIC THEORY CRITIQUE OF THIS THEORY | 85 |
CHEMICAL MECHANICS FIRST ATTEMPTS | 95 |
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absolute temperature absorbed actions ammonia ammonium ammonium iodide amount of heat analogy aqua fortis atoms attraction attributed Berthelot Berthollet body caloric carbonic gas Carnot cycle Cartesian chemical combination chemical equilibrium chemical mechanics chemical reactions chemical statics chemists chimique chlorine Clausius compound condensed constitution contains cycle Descartes Desormes and Clément determined developed discovery dissociation doctrine Duhem electrochemistry elements endothermic equal equilibrium equivalent of hydrogen ether example experiment experimental fluid forces formula gases given Hoff hydrochloric acid hypothesis ideas Johann Bernoulli kinetic Laplace Lavoisier Leibniz lime liquid mass mixt mixture molecular molecules movement nature Newton nitrogen notion oxygen particles phenomena philosophy physical chemistry physicists potassium precise pressure principle of maximum produced properties proportional number released replaced Sadi Carnot Sainte-Claire Deville salt saturated simple substances solution substitution sulphur theory of heat thermochemistry thermodynamics thermometer transformation valencies vapour various vis viva volume