MUNNA LAL, Rai.

The title is personal, and was recognised in 1886.

Residence.-Ludhiana, Punjab.

MUNNA LAL, SETH, Rai Bahádur.

The title is personal, and was conferred on 16th February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. Residence.-Mandla, Central Provinces.

MURAD ALI (of Malir), Jám.

Born October 1857. The title is hereditary; the present Jám succeeded as a minor in September 1866. The Jám is the Chief of the Jokia clan of Baluchis.

Residence.-Karachi, Sind.

MURAD ALI KHAN walad GHULAM MURTAZA KHAN,

Mir.

The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation (see Khairpur).

Residence.-Shikarpur, Sind.

MURDHAN SAH (of Barha), Rájá.

The title is hereditary.

Residence.—Narsinghpur, Central Provinces.

MURID AHMAD KHAN walad NASIR KHAN, Mir. The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation (see Khairpur). Residence. Shikárpur, Sind.

MURID ALI, KAZI, Khăn Bahćdur.

Born 7th January 1830. The title is personal; and was conferred on 16th April 1869. His great-grandfather, Muhammad Harun, came from Herat and settled in Hala, Sind, at the time when Jám Sams was ruler of Sind. His father was Muhammad Hayat. The Khán Bahádur has a son, named Muhammad Arif.

Residence.-Hyderabad, Sind.

MURID HAIDAR KHAN walad IMAM BAKHSH KHAN,

Mir.

The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation (see Khairpur).

Residence. Shikarpur, Sind.

MURID KHAN, Mulk or Malik.

Born about the year 1851. The title is hereditary; the Malik has sanads of the Emperors Aurangzeb and Muhammad Shah in which this title is used. Is the Chief of the Kalmati clan, which is a branch of the Rind Baluchis.

Residence.-Karachi, Sind.

MURLI MANOHAR, Rai Bahádur.

Born 1821. The title is personal, and was conferred on 16th August 1882, for services rendered to Government during the Mutiny and in the Bhután war. Belongs to a Kshatriya family. Is an Honorary Magistrate. Residence.-Lucknow, Oudh.

MURSAN, Rájá of. See Ghansham Singh.

MURSHIDABAD, NAWAB SIR SAYYID HASAN ALI KHAN BAHADUR, G.C.I.E., Nawáb Bahadur of.

Born 25th August 1846. The Nawab Bahádur's full titles areIhtisham-ul-Mulk, Rais-ud-Daulá, Amir-ul-Umará, Nawáb Sir Sayyid Hussain

Ali Khán Bahádur, Muhábat Jang, G.C.I.E., Nawáb Bahádur of Murshidabad. Is the eldest son of the late Muntazim-ul-Mulk, Mohsin-ud-Daulá, Faridun Jáh, Nawáb Sayyid Mansur Ali Khán Bahádur, Nussat Jang, last titular Nawáb Názim and Subahdár of Bengal, Behar, and Orissa. The late Nawab Názim resigned his position and titles on 1st November 1880. His eldest son, the present Nawáb, received the hereditary title of Nawáb Bahadur of Murshidabad by a sanad, dated 17th February 1882. In February 1887 he received the dignity of Knight Commander of the Most Eminent Order

On

of the Indian Empire; and was promoted to be a Knight Grand Commander of the same Most Eminent Order in May 1890. In May 1887 he was granted the khilat or style of Ihtisham-ul-Mulk, Rais-ud-Daulá, Amir-ulUmará, Nawáb Sir Sayyid Hasan Ali Khán Bahádur, Muhábat Jang. 12th March 1891, by an Indenture entered into between the Secretary of State for India in Council and himself, the Nawáb Bahádur confirmed the act of his father of 1st November 1880; and received in return a fixed hereditary position, with a settled income, and with the family estates in the districts of Murshidabad, Calcutta, Midnapur, Dacca, Maldah, Purneah, Patna, Rangpur, Hughli, Rájshahi, Birbhum, and the Santál - Parganás attached to the title of Nawáb Bahádur in tail male. This arrangement was confirmed and validated by the Council of His Excellency the Viceroy and Governor-General, by Act XV. of 1891, passed on 21st March 1891. This arrangement confirmed to the Nawab Bahadur the rank and dignity of Premier Noble of the Provinces under the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, with the hereditary title, in addition to that of Nawáb Bahádur of Murshidabad, of Amir-ul-Umará,

The Nawab Bahádur has five sons-(1) Asaf Kadr Sayyid Wasif Ali Mirza, born 7th January 1875; (2) Iskandar Kadr Sayyid Nasir Ali Mirza, born 15th March 1876; (3) Sayyid Asaf Ali Mirza, born 26th April 1881; (4) Sayyid Yákub Ali Mirza, born 9th June 1883; (5) Sayyid Mohsin Ali Mirza, born 18th November 1885. The family arms adopted by the Nawab are-argent, a dolphin proper above a cheval regardant, also proper. Below the shield the monogram N.B.M. The supporters are the lion and the unicorn. The crest is a Zulfikár (sword of the Khálif Ali) proper. The motto is "Nil Desperandum."

The Nawab Bahádur is descended both from the Prophet and also from Ali, the cousin and successor of the Prophet, who was married to Fatima, the Prophet's daughter. Hasan, eldest son of Ali, left a son,

Hasan Massanna, who married Fatima Soghra, daughter of Hussain Ali's youngest son. One branch of the descendants of this marriage has held for several centuries, and still holds, the office of Grand Sharif of Mecca. A grandson of Hasan Massanna and Fatima Soghra was called Ibrahim TahaTahaie ("the pure," "the unsullied"); and from this Ibrahim are derived the Murshidabad family. His descendants were for some time rulers of the province of Yemen in Arabia. Subsequently a descendant, Sayyid Husain Najafi, was key-holder to the tomb of Ali at Najaf; and his grandson was Mir Jáfar, who became, on the fall of Nawáb Suráj-ud-Daulá, Nawáb Názim of Bengal, Behar, and Orissa. The grandfather of Mir Jáfar had married a niece of the Emperor Aurangzeb. One of his uncles, Najafi Khán, was Governor of the fortress of Gwalior; and another, Najaf Khán, was Subahdár of Cuttack. Mir Jáfar himself was at first Commander-in-Chief to the Nawab Názim Ali Vardi Khán, whose sister, the Nawáb Sháh Khánum, he married. The Nawáb Ali Vardi Khán became Subahdár in 1740, and was succeeded by his grandson Nawáb Suraj-ud-Daulá in 1756. He was succeeded by Mir Jáfar, brother-in-law of Ali Vardi Khán, after the victory at Plassey in 1757. In 1760 he was set aside for a short time in favour of his son-in-law, Mir Kasim; but again came into power after a few months, and continued on the Masnad till 1765, when he was succeeded by his son, Najm-ud-Daulá. Mir Najm was succeeded in 1766 by his brother, Nawab Saif-ud-Daulá, and he by another brother, Mubárak-ud-Daulá, a minor son of Mir Jafar, in 1770. Mubárak-ud-Daulá was succeeded by his son, Nasir-ulMulk, in 1793, and this Nawáb by his son, Ali Jáh, in 1810. Ali Jáh was followed by his brother, Wálá Jáh, in 1821; and Wálá Jáh by his son, Humayun Jáh, in 1825. This Prince was succeeded in 1838 by his son, the late Faridun Jáh Sayyid Mansur Ali, the father of the present Nawáb, who was the last Nawab Názim of Bengal, Behar, and Orissa. The grandfather of the present Nawáb Bahádur received from His Majesty King William IV. a full-length portrait of His Majesty in original, and the dignity of the Grand Cross of the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order with the Insignia. The portrait of His Majesty is one of the chief ornaments at the Palace at Murshidabad.

Residence.-The Palace, Murshidabad, Bengal.

MURTAZA HUSAIN (of Bhilwal). See Mustafa Husain.

MUSA, ALI RAJA, SULTAN (of Cannanore), Rájá.

Born 1830. The title is hereditary, the Rájá of Cannanore being the representative of the old Moplah Ali Rájás or Sea-Kings of Malabar and the adjacent islands. Belongs to a Moplah (Muhammadan) family, said to have been founded by Mamali Kidavu, a Musalmán Minister of the Kolathiri Rájá of Malabar, who was appointed the "Ali Rájá❞—or Sea-King of the Laccadives and adjacent islands-by the Cherakal Rájá, who assigned him a residence at Cannanore. It is remarkable that the family, though Muhammadans, follow the Marumakkatayam law of inheritance general among the Hindu Rájás of Malabar, under which the succession is with the offspring of its female members, amongst whom the next eldest male is always the heir-apparent. The present Sultán Ali Rájá succeeded his predecessor under this law on 15th November 1870. The agreement of 1796, by which the family came under British control, was signed by the Bibi, a female member of the family.

Residence.-Malabar, Madras.

MUSTAFA HUSAIN (of Bhilwal), Chaudhri.

In 1792

Born 31st October 1849. The title is hereditary, having been so since the time of the Emperor Shah Jahan in 1616 A.D., and recognised by the British Government in 1877. Belongs to a Musalmán family whose ancestors, Khwaja Bahrám and Khwaja Nizám, accompanied the Sayyid Sálár to Oudh, and settled at Subeha. In 1616 A.D. Shaikh Násir was appointed Chaudhri of Subeha by the Empress Shah Jahám. Chaudhri Imam Bakhsh largely increased the possessions of the family. During the earlier period of the Mutiny of 1857 Chaudhri Sarfaraz Ahmad, who had succeeded his father-in-law Chaudhri Lutf-ulla, took part in the rebellion; but early in 1858 he made his submission, and rendered valuable services by opening communications with other rebel leaders and detaching them from the rebel cause. In 1860 he was invested with the special powers of an Assistant Collector. On his death there was protracted litigation as to the succession; ultimately the estates were divided between the widow of Sarfaraz Ahmad, Mussamat Bichan-un-Nisa, and the present Chaudhri, who is the younger brother of the late Chaudhri. He has a son and heir named Mujtaba Husain, born in 1874.

Residence. Subeha, Bara Banki, Oudh.

MUSTAMID KHAN BAHADUR. See Muhammad Zakir Ali.

MUTHUSWAMI, C., Rao Saheb.

The title is personal, and was conferred on 1st January 1890.

Residence.-Madras.