Hai-Wei shall comprise the island of Liu Kunk and a belt of land five Japanese ri wide along the entire coast-line of the bay of Wei-Hai-Wei.

No Chinese troops shall be permitted to approach or Occupy any places within a zone five Japanese ri wide beyond the boundaries of the occupied territory.

Article III. The Civil Administration of the occupied territory shall remain in the hands of the Chinese authorities. But such authorities shall at all times be obliged to conform to the orders which the Japanese army of occupation may deem it necessary to give in the interest of the health, maintenance, safety, distribution, or discipline of the troops.

All military offences committed within the occupied territory shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Japanese military authorities.

The foregoing Separate Articles shall have the same force, value, and effect as if they had been word for word inserted in the Treaty of Peace signed this day.

In witness whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same and have affixed thereto the seal of their

arms.

Done at Shimonoseki, in duplicate, this seventeenth day of the fourth month of the twenty-eighth year of Meiji, corresponding to the twenty-first year of Kuang Hsu.

COUNT ITO HIROBUMI.

VISCOUNT MUTSU MUNEMITSU.
LI HUNG CHANG.

B. MIKADO'S

RESCRIPT WITHDRAWING

FROM MANCHURIA.

(May 10, 1895.)

We recently complied with the request of China, and in consequence appointed plenipotentiaries and caused them to confer with the plenipotentiaries appointed by China and to conclude a Treaty of Peace between the two Empires.

Since then the Governments of their Majesties the

Emperors of Russia and Germany and of the Republic of France have united in a recommendation to our Govern

ment not to permanently possess the peninsula of Feng-t'ien, our newly-acquired territory, on the ground that such permanent possession would be detrimental to the lasting peace of the Orient.

Devoted as we unalterably are and ever have been to the principles of peace, we were constrained to take up arms against China for no other reason than our desire to secure for the Orient an enduring peace.

Now the friendly recommendation of the three Powers was equally prompted by the same desire. Consulting, therefore, the best interests of peace and animated by a desire not to bring upon our people added hardship or to impede the progress of national destiny by creating new complications and thereby making the situation difficult and retarding the restoration of peace, we do not hesitate to accept such recommendation.

By concluding the Treaty of Peace, China has already shown her sincerity of regret for the violation of her engagements, and thereby the justice of our cause has been proclaimed to the world.

Under the circumstances we can find nothing to impair the honour and dignity of our empire if we now yield to the dictates of magnanimity and, taking into consideration the general situation, accept the advice of the friendly Powers.

Accordingly we have commanded our Government, and have caused them to reply to the three Powers in the above

sense.

Regarding the arrangements by which we will renounce the permanent possession of the Peninsula, we have specially commanded our Government that the necessary measures shall be made the subject of future negotiations and adjustment with the Government of China.

Now, the exchange of ratifications of the Treaty of Peace has already been effected, the friendly relations between the two Empires have been re-established, and cordial relations with all other Powers are also strengthened.

We therefore command our subjects to respect our will; to take into careful consideration the general situation; to be circumspect in all things; to avoid erroneous tendencies; and not to impair or thwart the high aspirations of our Empire.

[IMPERIAL SIGN MANUAL.]

[COUNTERSIGNED BY ALL MINISTERS OF STATE.]

C. THE (REPUTED) CASSINI CONVENTION

TEXT PUBLISHED BY THE "NORTH CHINA DAILY NEWS" AS THAT OF AN AGREEMENT CONCLUDED AT PEKIN BY COUNT CASSINI, THE RUSSIAN MINISTER, IN 1895

His Imperial Majesty, the Emperor of China, having received the various benefits arising from the loyal support of his Imperial Majesty, the Emperor of Russia, at the close of the late war between China and Japan, and being desirous that the communications between the frontier territories of their respective empires and the international commerce of the two countries should be managed to their mutual advantage, has commanded the mutual settlement of certain matters in order the better to consolidate the basis of friendship between the two empires. In this connection, therefore, his Imperial Majesty, the Emperor of China, has specially appointed the Imperial High Commissioners, the Princes and great officers of the Crown, composing the Imperial Chinese Ministry of War, with plenipotentiary powers, to confer and agree upon certain matters, at Pekin, with his Excellency, Count Cassini, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of H.I.M., the Emperor of Russia, to the Court of China, concerning the connecting of the railway system of the three Eastern Provinces (Feng-t'ien, Kirin, and Hei-Lung

Kiang) with that of the Imperial Russian Railway in the province of Siberia, with the object of facilitating the transport of goods between the two empires, and of strengthening the frontier defences and sea-coasts. And, furthermore, to agree upon certain special privileges to be conceded by China to Russia as a response to the loyal aid given by Russia in the retrocession of Liaotung and its dependencies:

1. Owing to the fact that the Russian Great Siberian Railway is on the point of completion, China consents to allow Russia to prolong her railway into Chinese territories (a) from the Russian port of Vladivostock into the Chinese city of Hunchun, in the province of Kirin, from thence northwestward to the provincial capital of Kirin, and (b) from a railway-station of some city in Siberia to the Chinese town of Aigun in Hei-Lung-Kiang province, from thence southwestward to the provincial capital of Tsitsihar, and from thence to the town of Petunê in Kirin province, and from thence southeastward to the provincial capital of Kirin.

2. All railways built by Russia into the Chinese provinces of Hei-Lung-Kiang and Kirin shall be built at the sole expense of Russia, and the regulations and buildings thereof shall be solely on the Russian system, with which China has nothing to do, and the entire control shall be in the hands of Russia for the space of thirty years. At the end of the said period China shall be allowed to prepare the necessary funds wherewith, after proper estimation of the value of the said railways, she shall redeem them, the rolling-stock, machine-shops, and buildings connected therewith. But as to how China will at that date redeem these railways shall be left for future consideration.

3. China is now in the possession of a railway, which she intends to extend from Shanhaikwan into the provincial capital of Feng-t'ien-namely, Mukden (Shengking), and from Mukden to the provincial capital of Kirin. If China should hereafter find it inconvenient to build this road, she shall allow Russia to provide the funds to build

the railway from the city of Kirin on behalf of China, the redemption of which road shall be permissible to China at the end of ten years. With reference to the route to be taken by this railway, Russia shall follow the surveys already made by China in connection therewith, from Kirin to Mukden, New-Chwang, etc.

4. The railway to be built by China, beginning from Shanhaikwan, in Feng-t'ien, to New-Chwang, to Kaiping, to Chinchou, to Lushunk'ou (Port Arthur), and to Talienhwan and their dependencies, shall follow the Russian railway regulations in order to facilitate the commercial intercourse between the respective empires.

5. With reference to the railways to be built by Russia into Chinese territory, the routes along which the said roads shall pass must be protected, as usual, by the local, civil, and military officials of the country. They shall, moreover, afford all facilities and aid to the civil and military officials of Russia at the various railway-stations, together with all the Russian artisans and labourers connected therewith. But, owing to the fact that the said railways will pass, for the greater part, through barren and sparsely inhabited territory, in which it will be difficult for the Chinese authorities to be always able to grant the necessary protection and aid, Russia shall be allowed to place special battalions of horse and foot soldiers at the various important stations for the better protection of the railway property.

6. With reference to the customs duties to be collected on goods exported from and imported into the respective countries by the said railways, they shall follow the regulations provided by the Treaty of Commerce between China and Russia, ratified in the first year of the reign of Tung Chin, fourth day, second moon (20th of February, 1862, O. S.), regulating overland transit of goods between the two empires.

7. There has always been in existence a rule prohibiting the exploitation of the mines in Hei-Lung-Kiang and Kirin provinces, and in the Ch'angpai mountains (Long White mountain range). After the ratification of this