American Building Art: The Nineteenth Century

abutments Amasa Stone American arch ribs arched trusses architect architectural balloon frame began Bogardus bolted Boston bottom chords brick Broadway builders building art built Burnham and Root Burr cantilever carried cast iron cast iron columns Chicago Company completed Connecticut River cross deck trusses developed dome elevations engineer erected extended façade fireproof floor girders height Home Insurance Building horizontal inches interior invention iron beams iron buildings iron construction iron framing iron front iron structural iron-framed James Bogardus Jenney joists later length load masonry material mill nineteenth century Ohio Palmer panels parallel Pennsylvania posts railroad replaced rested Roebling Schuylkill River shed side single diagonals skylight skyscraper span spandrel station stone stories Street structural members supported suspension bridge techniques Theodore Burr tion top chord towers Town truss trainshed transverse truss patented United vault vertical Warren truss Wernwag wood wooden wrought iron wrought iron rods York City