Senator WHEELER. There has not been a regular survey or a regular tubercular clinic held, has there?

Doctor MANSFIELD. Oh, among the schools we make that.
Senator WHEELER. What have you in the school?

Doctor MANSFIELD. We have about 150 scholars. They are looked over every month, weighed, and watched very carefully. If they are losing weight we begin to watch them a little more closely. If they run a temperature then we send them to the sanitarium and have a picture made of their chest. Out of that 150 we have sent 6

children to the sanitarium with incipient tuberculosis.

Senator WHEELER. How many students?

Doctor MANSFIELD. Out of 150.

Senator WHEELER. Have you ever had a clinic on your reservation for trachoma?

Doctor MANSFIELD. Yes. We just finished one. That is, a survey. Senator WHEELER. When you speak of a survey, what do you mean?

Doctor MANSFIELD. Going around and examining them to see if they have it. Out of 476 just examined, we found 78 cases. Senator WHEELER. Seventy-eight?

Doctor MANSFIELD. Yes, sir; that survey has just been finished by a special physician in the field.

Senator WHEELER. Do you have a hospital up there?

Doctor MANSFIELD. No, sir; we use the Phoenix Indian hospital. Senator WHEELER. Where is that?

Doctor MANSFIELD. Right here.

Senator FRAZIER. Do you visit the homes of those Indians?
Doctor MANSFIELD. Yes, sir.

Senator FRAZIER. All the homes?

Doctor MANSFIELD. No.

Senator FRAZIER. In a year's time, say, how many of these Indian homes do you visit?

Doctor MANSFIELD. I have been in three-fourths of them, I guess. Senator WHEELER. If one of these Indians sends for you do you answer the call-do you go out and answer the call?

Doctor MANSFIELD. Sure. That is what I am there for. Senator WHEELER. Do most of the women out there send for you in maternity cases, and do you respond? Doctor MANSFIELD. I always respond. Senator WHEELER. Do they send for you? Doctor MANSFIELD. In about half the cases. of them to go to the hospital, if convenient.

I got about one-third

Senator THOMAS. Are the Indians becoming more willing to patronize a hospital than they were formerly?

Doctor MANSFIELD. Yes, sir.

Senator WHEELER. Do you have any field nurses on your reservation?

Doctor MANSFIELD. Yes, sir.

Senator WHEELER. Does she make it a point to visit the various homes?

Doctor MANSFIELD. Yes, sir; she visits all the homes. She visits every one of them.

Senator THOMAS. She is here, is she not?

Doctor MANSFIELD. Yes, sir.

Senator THOMAS. Ready to testify?

Doctor MANSFIELD. Yes, sir.

Senator WHEELER. To give us first-hand information?

Doctor MANSFIELD. Yes, sir.

Senator WHEELER. You think the health conditions on your reservation, as far as tuberculosis is concerned, are in pretty good shape? Doctor MANSFIELD. Yes, sir. Conditions could be better, though. I would like a better way of handling it. I would like to see compulsory hospitalization for all active tubercular cases that will not go to the hospital willingly. They stay there in their little 1-room home and infect the babies and then it breaks out when they are older. That is where most of it is coming from.

Senator WHEELER. Suppose a law could be passed by Congress giving the Indian agents the right to compel all active cases of tuberculosis to be taken to the hospital. Do you think that would help the situation?

Doctor MANSFIELD. Yes, sir.

Senator WHEELER. I am rather inclined to think that is what we have to come to.

Doctor MANSFIELD. That is what we will have to do with the hospital at Winslow if they get any of the Hopis to come down there. Senator ASHURST. It is what might be called a sort of psychological matter, with our own race as well as the red men. They do not like to go to a hospital. There is a reluctance not only with the Indians but with our own race in that respect.

Senator WHEELER. It is only within a comparatively few years past that people generally wanted to go to hospitals under any cir

cumstances.

Doctor MANSFIELD. When they once get to the hospital they should be required to stay and not go home to die.

Senator ASHURST. I am unable to suggest any means along that line.

Doctor MANSFIELD. Handle it like the Government handles leprosy.

Senator FRAZIER. Do you know of any community that handles tuberculosis in that way?

Doctor MANSFIELD. No, sir; I know how they handle leprosy, though.

Senator ASHURST. That is a very serious question. If you agitate a tubercular patient are you not apt to get his temperature up? Doctor MANSFIELD. They will get over that.

Senator ASHURST. You a physician and know. I do not. I want

to find out.

Doctor MANSFIELD. The hospital is the place for them. They have a better chance to get well and less chance to infect the babies. Senator FRAZIER. We thank you.

(Witness excused.)

Miss INGEBORG ANDERSON was thereupon called as a witness, and, after being first duly sworn, testified as follows:

Senator FRAZIER. What is your name?

Miss ANDERSON. Ingeborg Anderson.

Senator FRAZIER. What is your official position?

Miss ANDERSON. Field nurse in the Salt River Reservation.

Senator FRAZIER. Do you spend most of your time out there in the Salt River community?

Miss ANDERSON. All my time.

Senator FRAZIER. What is the nature of your work?

Miss ANDERSON. Care of the Indian people, the well as well as the

sick.

Senator FRAZIER. Do you visit the homes?

Miss ANDERSON. Yes.

Senator FRAZIER. And do you instruct the parents in regard to sanitary conditions?

Miss ANDERSON. Yes, sir.

Senator FRAZIER. And also visit the schools?

Miss ANDERSON. Yes, sir; we have two day schools, one in Salt River and one in Lehi. In Salt River we have a morning clinic every single day of our school children, where they are treated for trachoma or whatever small ailments they have.

Senator FRAZIER. Have you been in this Indian Service work before you came to Salt River?

Miss ANDERSON. No.

Senator FRAZIER. Do you visit all of the homes in the Salt River Reservation?

Miss ANDERSON. Do you mean within, say, a year?

Senator FRAZIER. Yes.

Miss ANDERSON. Yes; I think so, because I visit around whether they are sick or not. I make friendly visits.

Senator WHEELER. Do you keep a record of the homes you visit? Tell us, for instance, what you do when you go to a home. Do you give them any advice as to how they are to take care of their chil dren or try to give them any instruction about the care of their homes, sanitary conditions, and such things?

Miss ANDERSON. Yes, sir. If I go and visit a prenatal case, I try to have them go to a hospital if they want to go to a hospital. 1 am not always present at the delivery; in fact, I am quite often not in the home. I visit them, though, after the baby is born and take care of the baby and take care of the mother. Sometimes a mother does not want care and I just go in all the same and see them. They usually like to have care for the baby.

Senator WHEELER. Do you visit the baby afterwards and do you show them about taking care of the baby's eyes, and so forth?

Miss ANDERSON. I make what we call an infant welfare visit. That is one of the ways that brings me in fairly close contact with the homes, because I visit well babies, even when they are not sick. That is a part of the régime or part of the work.

Senator FRAZIER. How long have you been in this work here?
Miss ANDERSON. Three years.

Senator FRAZIER. As you get acquainted with the Indians do you get better cooperation from them than you did when you first came! Miss ANDERSON. Oh, yes; very much. I am trying to lay a lot of stress on the school children. A lot of them needed dental care and a great many things of that sort. There was a lot of it piled up. The first year we had a lot of tonsilitis cases taken care of during the vacation. It was hard to get them to go. If anything happened to them, well, it was my fault, and then they did not want to go. I did

not have a hundred per cent cooperation, but they were pretty good about it. Last summer I did have 100 per cent cooperation in getting the children having tonsilitis. If I said they needed it, why it was all right. I took them into the hospital. I was there when they were operated on and I took them home.

Senator FRAZIER. How about the attitude of the Indian women in regard to better conditions in their homes?

Miss ANDERSON. Well, it is awfully slow. Some will come out and meet you on the outside and I know the home is not clean.

Senator FRAZIER. The white women do that, too?

Miss ANDERSON. Yes; that is what I mean. They feel they should have it better. That is, a certain number of them; others really do not seem to care. Others really have neat homes considering what they have to do it on.

Senator FRAZIER. Some of their homes-it is hard to keep in a sanitary condition?

Miss ANDERSON. Yes, sir. They have dirt floors and it is not easy. Senator WHEELER. How about the younger generation? Are the younger Indian girls inclined to have neater homes, or not?

Miss ANDERSON. Not always.

Senator FRAZIER. Those that have had an education?

Miss ANDERSON. Not always. They are very much under the power of their own people.

Senator FRAZIER. Well, generally speaking, do not the younger generation who have had some education at these boarding schools keep themselves in a neater condition?

Miss ANDERSON. A certain percentage of them. A certain percentage are not. A certain percentage we get on the reservation never did graduate. Many of our school girls that graduate do not come back to the reservation. Those that go through school and graduate go out and do something else, which is as it should be, as I see it. So many of them that come back are children that for one reason or other did not finish; either ran away or were incorrigible and really among the younger people on the reservation we do not have the cream of the Indians. Others are away because they learn better. Senator THOMAS. You like your work fairly well, do you not? Miss ANDERSON. Yes, sir.

Senator THOMAS. Do you like the Indians?

Miss ANDERSON. I do.

Senator THOMAS. Because of your love for the work and your sympathy for the Indian you get along with them?

Miss ANDERSON. Yes; I get along with them.

Senator THOMAS. You are always welcome at their homes?

Miss ANDERSON. Yes, sir; nearly always. There are a few I know where I am not welcome.

Senator THOMAS. As a rule they are glad to see you?

Miss ANDERSON. Yes, sir; as a rule.

Senator THOMAS. You have no trouble working with them?

Miss ANDERSON. No; very, very little.

Senator WHEELER. Where did you come from?

Miss ANDERSON. I was doing public health work in Boston.
Senator WHEELER. What is your native State?

Miss ANDERSON. I was born in Sweden.

Senator FRAZIER. Have you any recommendations you want to make for our record?

Miss ANDERSON. I do agree very, very much, with Doctor Mansfield, that the sick Indians should not be brought home to their homes. It is true, in tubercular cases, we do have sputum cups, but many of the old Indians have an old pot with some ashes in it and they spit in it. That is what they do. The little children crawl around and they can not help but get close to each other. They only have one room. They have the feeling that when they are going to die they want to be home, but it is all wrong, so far as the children are concerned. It just should not be. I do not know that

we can do anything about it.

Senator FRAZIER. We thank you very much. (Witness excused.)

ARTHUR C. PLAKE was thereupon called as a witness, and, after being first duly sworn, testified as follows:

Senator FRAZIER. State your name to the committee?

Mr. PLAKE. Arthur C. Plake.

Senator FRAZIER. How long have you been here as farmer?

Mr. PLAKE. On the Salt River Reservation, two years; three years in June.

Senator FRAZIER. How long have you been in the Indian Service! Mr. PLAKE. Twenty-four or twenty-five years.

Senator FRAZIER. How long have you acted as farmer?

Mr. PLAKE. I have been a farmer all the time except one year when I was disciplinarian.

Senator FRAZIER. Have you had any special training in agricultural schools?

Mr. PLAKE. Some training at Manhattan, Kans.
Senator FRAZIER. Are you under civil service now?

Mr. PLAKE. Yes, sir.

Senator FRAZIER. Did you take the civil-service examination?
Mr. PLAKE. Yes, sir.

Senator FRAZIER. Go ahead, Senator Thomas. You wanted to ask this gentleman some questions.

Senator THOMAS. This morning I asked you what your duties were as an Indian Office employee. We got off on some other ques tion and it was not answered. Now make your statement?

Mr. PLAKE. The duties of the farmers are varied. It is pretty hard to say what we do not do.

Senator THOMAS. I am interested in what you do.

Mr. PLAKE. In addition to trying to teach or to show the Indians how to farm we have the work around the agency, keeping up roads. looking after ditches and canals, looking after family quarrels and scraps, and so forth, to take care of. In fact, it is like a father taking care of a family if there is no one else to do it.

Senator THOMAS. Do you do police work?
Mr. PLAKE. Yes; we do some police work.
Senator THOMAS. Practice law?

Mr. PLAKE. Yes; some.

Senator THOMAS. Do you act as judge?

Mr. PLAKE. Yes, sir; I act as judge.

Senator THOMAS. You spend considerable time in court?