Lenin: A BiographyHarvard University Press, 2000 - 561 頁 LENIN: His politics still reverberate around the world even after the end of the USSR. His name elicits revulsion and reverence. And yet Lenin the man remains largely a mystery. This biography shows us Lenin as we have never seen him, in his full complexity as revolutionary, political leader, thinker, and private person. Born Vladimir Illich Ulyanov in 1870, the son of a schools inspector and a doctor's daughter, Lenin was to become the greatest single force in the Soviet revolution -- and perhaps the most influential politician of the twentieth century. Drawing on sources only recently discovered, Robert Service explores the social, cultural, and political catalysts for Lenin's explosion into global prominence. His book gives us the vast panorama of Russia in that awesome vortex of change from tsarism's collapse to the establishment of the communist one-party state. Through the prism of Lenin's career Service focuses on dictatorship, the Marxist revolutionary dream, civil war, and inter-war European politics. And we are shown how Lenin, despite the hardships he inflicted, was widely mourned after his death in 1924. Robert Service's Lenin is a political colossus but also a believable human being. This biography stresses the importance of his supportive family and of its ethnic and cultural background. Service examines his education, upbringing, and the troubles of his early life to explain the emergence of a rebel whose devotion to destruction proved greater than his love for the 'proletariat' he supposedly served. We are enabled to see how his intellectual preoccupations and inner rage underwent volatile interaction and propelled his career from young Marxist activist to founder ofthe communist party and the Soviet state -- and how he bequeathed to Russia a legacy of political oppression and social intimidation that has yet to be expunged. |
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INTRODUCTION | 1 |
THE REBEL EMERGES | 11 |
THE ULYANOVS AND THE BLANKS | 13 |
CHILDHOOD IN SIMBIRSK 18701885 | 31 |
DEATHS IN THE FAMILY 18861887 | 47 |
THE PLOUGHING OF THE MIND 18871888 | 61 |
PATHS TO REVOLUTION 18891893 | 74 |
ST PETERSBURG 18931895 | 91 |
THE RUSSIAN COCKPIT May to July 1917 | 270 |
POWER FOR THE TAKING | 287 |
THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION October to December 1917 | 308 |
DICTATORSHIP UNDER SIEGE Winter 19171918 | 324 |
BRESTLITOVSK January to May 1918 | 338 |
AT GUNPOINT May to August 1918 | 356 |
DEFENCE OF THE REVOLUTION | 371 |
WAR LEADER 19181919 | 373 |
TO SIBERIAN ITALY 18951900 | 107 |
LENIN AND THE PARTY | 127 |
AN ORGANISATION OF REVOLUTIONARIES 19001902 | 129 |
HOLY FIRE 19021904 | 147 |
RUSSIA FROM FAR AND NEAR 19051907 | 166 |
THE SECOND EMIGRATION 19081911 | 184 |
ALMOST RUSSIA 19121914 | 202 |
FIGHTING FOR DEFEAT 19141915 | 222 |
LASTING OUT 19151916 | 235 |
SEIZING POWER | 251 |
ANOTHER COUNTRY February to April 1917 | 253 |
EXPANDING THE REVOLUTION April 1919 to April 1920 | 391 |
DEFEAT IN THE WEST 1920 | 406 |
THE NEW ECONOMIC POLICY | 421 |
A QUESTION OF SURVIVAL July 1921 to July 1922 | 435 |
DISPUTING TO THE LAST September to December 1922 | 451 |
DEATH IN THE BIG HOUSE 19231924 | 464 |
THE AFTERLIFE | 481 |
Notes | 495 |
522 | |
531 | |