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LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

House of Representatives Committee on Science and Technology Washington, D.C. 20515

To All Members, Committee on Science and Technology

There is transmitted herewith a report on the Committee's oversight review of Japanese and South Korean Science and Technology activities, conducted January 2 through 13, 1986.

In South Korea, the Committee witnessed first hand the rapid economic and industrial expansion that has occurred in the last twenty years. Discussions with South Korean officials were particularly productive in gaining insight into and contributing to the dialogue on science and technology issues related to the U.S.-Korean trade relationship.

Our meetings with Members of the Japanese Diet constituted the Fourth Interparliamentary Session, the first of which was held in 1980. These sessions have been of immeasurable benefit in contributing to an enhanced dialogue with our Japanese friends. This year, we were pleased to be joined at the sessions by Members of the Korean National Assembly.

I commend this report to your attention.

Sincerely,

DON FUQUA
Chairman

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INTRODUCTION

The Committee on Science and Technology has as its oversight jurisdiction all civilian research and development activity taking place in the United States and international research and development cooperative programs. This responsibility covers such diverse areas as space, energy, aviation, transportation, science and science policy, environmental research and development as well as agricultural research and development oversight.

Before reconvening for the Second Session of the 99th Congress, the Committee conducted an oversight trip to Asia to review science and technology activities taking place in South Korea and Japan. In Korea, the delegation explored technology issues which reflect Korea's rapid development and status as the seventh largest trading partner of the United States. In Japan, the Members joined with members of the Japanese Diet in the Fourth Interparliamentary meeting which focused on the areas of space, fusion energy, high energy physics, and technology transfer among other topics. The Committee also received a briefing at the AMOS/MOTIF Observatory in Maui's science city. This facility performs advanced electro-optical R&D for the Department of Defense. The report contains useful summaries of the meetings and discussions held.

The Committee was ably complemented by a Member of the Committee on Appropriations. The following Members participated in the oversight

trip.

Committee on Science and Technology

Hon. Don Fuqua, (D-FL)

Hon. Marilyn Lloyd, (D-TN)

Hon. Norman Mineta, (D-CA)

Hon. Ron Packard, (R-CA)

Committee on Appropriations
Hon. Bill Lowery, (R-CA)

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VISIT TO THE DEMILITARIZED ZONE

Date of Visit:

January 4, 1986

Location: Panmunjom, Korea

The delegation visited Panmunjom on January 4, 1986 and was briefed by members of the United Nations Support Group-Joint Security Area. This unit provides all logistical support and security to the United Nations Command personnel working in the Joint Security Area, known as Panmunjom.

The delegation was briefed on numerous sensitive missions with which the support group has been involved since its start up on May 5, 1952, including:

O OPERATION BIG SWITCH Return of 12,760 prisoners of war including 3,579 Americans.

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Movement of 6,143

The Movement of the Custodial Forces India
personnel from Inchon Port to the Demilitarized Zone by
helicopter.

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OPERATION COMEBACK

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Release of Custodial Forces India of 23,000 anti-communist Chinese and North Koreans who refused to be repatriated.

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OPERATION RAINBOW

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Repatriation from North Korea of the displaced persons and refugees.

In recent years the Support Group has been involved in the following actions:

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Return of an OH-23 helicopter crew in

Repatriation of 39 South Korean National civilian passengers of the hijacked Korean Air Lines aircraft of February 14, 1970.

OPERATIONS PAUL BUNYAN Trimming of a tree in the JSA on August 21, 1976 following the death of two UNC officers.

The UNCSG-JSA will continue to carry out its vital mission and as long as the United Nations Command Military Armistice Commission exists, the soldiers of the JSA will continue to live up to their motto: "IN FRONT OF THEM ALL".

The following describes the briefing the delegation received on the Korean Armistice Agreement:

THE ARMISTICE AGREEMENT

The July 1953 Armistice Agreement which ended the fighting of the Korean War is an agreement between military commanders, not an international treaty. The signatories are the Commander in Chief, United Nations Command, on the one side and the Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army and the Commander of the Chinese People's Volunteers on the other. Although no representative of the Republic of Korea has signed the agreement, the ROK has adhered to the Armistice and provides all the forces. along the Demilitarized Zone, except for the narrow corridor around Panmunjom, where U.S. Forces are still stationed.

The Armistice Agreement provided for a cease fire; established a Demilitarized Zone; set up a Military Armistice Commission to supervise the Armistice; and a Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission to monitor compliance with the agreement outside the DMZ; called for an exchange of

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