A Little Corner of Freedom: Russian Nature Protection from Stalin to GorbachevUniversity of California Press, 1999 - 556 頁 While researching Russia's historical efforts to protect nature, Douglas Weiner unearthed unexpected findings: a trail of documents that raised fundamental questions about the Soviet political system. These surprising documents attested to the unlikely survival of a critical-minded, scientist-led movement through the Stalin years and beyond. It appeared that, within scientific societies, alternative visions of land use, resrouce exploitation, habitat protection, and development were sustained and even publicly advocated. In sharp contrast to known Soviet practices, these scientific societies prided themselves on their traditions of free elections, foreign contacts, and a pre-revolutionary heritage. Weiner portrays nature protection activists not as do-or-die resisters to the system, nor as inoffensive do-gooders. Rather, they took advantage of an unpoliced realm of speech and activity and of the patronage by middle-level Soviet officials to struggle for a softer path to development. In the process, they defended independent social and professional identities in the face of a system that sought to impose official models of behavior, ethics, and identity for all. Written in a lively style, this absorbing story tells for the first time how organized participation in nature protection provided an arena for affirming and perpetuating self-generated social identities in the USSR and preserving a counterculture whose legacy survives today. |
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內容
Environmental Activism and Social Identity | 23 |
Archipelago of Freedom | 36 |
Conservation in the Postwar Years | 63 |
Zapovedniki in Peril 19481950 | 83 |
The Second Phase 1950 | 104 |
The Deluge 1951 | 117 |
VOOP in Stalins Last Years | 137 |
Death and Purgatory | 161 |
Catalysts for a New Activism | 312 |
VOOP in the Early 1960s | 340 |
Storm over Baikal | 355 |
Science Doesnt Stand Still | 374 |
Environmental Struggles in the Era of Stagnation | 402 |
Environmental Activism under Gorbachev | 429 |
Conclusion | 441 |
GLOSSARY OF TERMS | 449 |
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常見字詞
Academy of Sciences acclimatization active activists Agriculture Aleksandr Aleksandrovich All-Russian Society all-Union Askania-Nova Avetisian Baikal biology bison Bochkarëv Boreiko bureaucrats Central Committee Chernousov Chivilikhin commission Comrade conference Congress conservation Council of Ministers cultural decree defend Dement'ev draft druzhina ecological economic Efremov environmental forest forestry Formozov Fridman Geptner Glavokhota Gosplan hectares Ibid Institute intelligentsia Kedrograd Khrushchev Komsomol Kuznetsov leaders leadership letter listy Lysenko Main Administration Makarov Malinovskii MOIP MOIP Archives Moscow Moscow oblast Moscow State University Moscow University Nasimovich nature protection movement Nikolaevich Nikolai oblast official okhrane prirody organization Party plants political povedniki pravda president Presidium problems Protection of Nature Protopopov question regime republics reserves RGAE f RSFSR Council rubles Russian scientific public opinion scientists Sergei Shipunov Shvarts Siberian social identity Society's Soviet Union SSSR Stalin Taurin territories tion transformation TsGA f USSR USSR Ministry Varsonof'eva Vladimir VOOP VOOP's Zablotskii zapovedniki