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The following have served as Commandants: Lt. Col. Leroy E. Wade, from October 1955 to December 1956; Col. Tom H. Barratt, since December 1956.

UNITED STATES ARMY COLD WEATHER AND MOUNTAIN SCHOOL. Its mission is to develop doctrine and provide instruction in the technical, tactical, and logistical aspects of military operations in cold weather, summer subarctic terrain, and mountains.

The School is located at Fort Greely (Alaska). It was originally established in November 1948 as the Army Arctic Indoctrination School. It received its present title and mission on 30 June 1957; on 1 July the mission of the Mountain and Cold Weather Training Command at Camp Hale (Colo.) was transferred to it.

The School has a Commandant, As

sistant Commandant, Operations Officer, Senior Instructor, 9 officer instructors, 49 enlisted men (39 of whom are instructors), and 3 civilians. Personnel are divided into the Administrative, Operations, and Instructors' Sections. The latter is further divided into the Military Mountaineering and Skiing Group, the Inland Waterways Navigation Group, and the Engineer Group.

The following courses are given: Cold Weather Operations and Ski Instructors' Courses (one each for officers and NCO's); Summer Operations and Mountain Instructors' Courses (one each for officers and NCO's); Inland Waterways Navigation Course; Officers' Winter Course, Advanced; and special courses, such as the Cadre Training Courses.

The School's motto is "Hiemes Oppugnamus Et Montes Superamus" (We battle cold and conquer mountains).

The following have served as Commandants—

Nov 1948-1949

1949-1952

1952-1954

1954-1955

1955 Jul 1956

Jul 1956-10 Aug 1957 11 Aug 1957

UNITED STATES ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLLEGE. Its mission is best expressed in the purpose of the Regular Course: "To prepare officers for duty as commanders and general staff officers at division, corps, and field army, including their logistical systems, the communications zone and its subordinate elements, and the theater Army personnel replacement system." In essence, the College teaches "the Army in the field and how it fights." It is the keystone in the military eduIcation of its students. It is the Army's senior tactical school, and the only academic institution devoted to the operations of all the combined arms and services in combat. Upon the adequacy of its instruction will largely depend our Army's success in its future missions.

The College is located at Fort Leavenworth (Kas.). It was founded on 7 May 1881, as the "School of Application for Infantry and Cavalry;" during the succeeding seventy-five years it has had a total of 13 different titles. In the period 1881-1898 the course of instruc

.Lt. Col. Walter A. Downing, Jr.
.Lt. Col. Donald J. Woolley
.Lt. Col. Edmund L. Mueller
.Lt. Col. Erwin C. Nilsson
.Col. Henry H. Mc Laughlin, Jr.
Col. Monte F. Cone
..Col. Richard R. Middlebrooks

tion gradually evolved from a comparatively elementary education in basic military and academic subjects to a more advanced curriculum along postgraduate lines. During the SpanishAmerican War the school was discontinued. In 1902, thanks largely to the efforts of Secretary of War Elihu Root, it was reopened as the "General Service and Staff College," with a greatly expanded mission and a completely revamped course of instruction. By now it had matured into an institution of higher military learning, worthy to take its place alongside the great military schools of the world. In World War I its graduates occupied key positions, commanding brigades and divisions and filling high staff assignments at home and overseas.

Courses were suspended during that war and resumed in 1919. This marked the beginning of the third phase in the institution's history, a phase based on actual experience in large-scale military operations, which, with many constructive changes, has continued to the present. During World War II the stu

dent body was greatly expanded, shorter courses were instituted and instruction was intensified. Since the war the College has returned to its normal curriculum.

American students are selected from among Army officers who have had 8 to 15 years of service and have graduated from the advanced course of a branch school. There is a 10-month Regular Course annually, with about 600 students, and two 4-month Associate Courses with about 300 students each. The Associate Course is a condensed version of the Regular Course, qualifying the graduates for duty as commanders and general staff officers at division or logistical command level, and familiarizing them with the duties of the general staff at higher levels.

Resident instruction also includes periodic special courses on the employment of nuclear weapons, and annual short refresher courses for staffs of combat divisions and logistical commands of the Army Reserve and National Guard. The special courses on nuclear weapons are of two types-one designed to produce staff specialists on the higher level staffs, the other to bring senior commanders and staff officers up to date in the latest doctrine and techniques of atomic operations. The total of resident students each

year is around 3,000.

Since virtually all future operations in war are likely to be joint operations, the College devotes considerable effort to the subject. Instruction includes orientation on the Navy and the Air Force, and a thorough coverage of joint operations.

In the Regular and Associate Courses the College annually trains some 150 officers from foreign countries. The resulting friendships and exchanges of ideas are of lasting value to our own officers and to the nation.

While the primary mission of the College, as of the Army's school system as a whole, is to prepare Army personnel for duty in time of war, it does its part in preparing officers for an increasing variety of critical peacetime tasks, such as advisors or instructors in a friendly nation, service with other governmental agencies, research and development work, and key positions in the "business management" of the immense Army Establishment.

Instruction is also given annually to over 11,000 nonresident students. It takes the form of individual extension courses, local command and general staff officer courses conducted by the U. S. Army Reserve Schools, and staff training programs in combat divisions and logistical commands of the reserve components.

The following have served as Commandants—

Nov 1881-Jun 1885 Jun 1885-May 1886 May 1886-Aug 1890 Aug 1890-Oct 1894 Oct 1894-Apr 1898 Sep 1902-Jun 1903 Jul 1903-Jun 1906 Aug 1906-Apr 1908 Apr 1908 Aug 1908 Aug 1908-Jan 1911 Jan 1911-Feb 1913 Feb 1913-Aug 1914 Sep 1914-Aug 1916 Aug 1916-Nov 1916 Nov 1916-Jun 1917 Jun 1917-Jul 1917 Jul 1917-Jul 1919 Jul 1919-Aug 1920 Aug 1920-Sep 1920 Sep 1920-Jul 1921 Aug 1921-Jun 1923 Jul 1923-Jun 1925

Jul 1925-Jul 1929

Jul 1929-Feb 1935

Feb 1935-Jun 1936 Jun 1936-Mar 1939 Apr 1939-Oct 1940 Oct 1940-May 1941 Jun 1941-Mar 1942 Mar 1942-Nov 1945 Nov 1945-Jan 1948

.Col. Elwell S. Otis .Col. Thomas H. Ruger Col. Alexander McD. McCook .Col. Edwin F. Townsend .Col. Hamilton S. Hawkins ..Col. C. W. Miner

.Brig. Gen. J. Franklin Bell ..Brig. Gen. C. B. Hall .Maj. John F. Morrison (actg.) .Brig. Gen. Frederick Funston . Brig. Gen. R. D. Potts

..Lt. Col. William P. Burnham (actg.) .Brig. Gen. Henry A. Greene ..Brig. Gen. Eben Swift .Lt. Col. James W. McAndrew .Lt. Col. Claude H. Miller Col. William A. Shunk .Maj. Gen. Charles H. Muir Col. Lucius R. Holbrook .Brig. Gen. Hugh A. Drum .Brig. Gen. Hanson E. Ely .Brig. Gen. H. A. Smith .Brig. Gen. Edward L. King .Maj. Gen. Stuart Heintzelman

Maj. Gen. Herbert J. Brees .Brig. Gen. Charles M. Bundel Brig. Gen. Lesley J. McNair Brig. Gen. Edmund L. Gruber .Brig. Gen. Horace H. Fuller Maj. Gen. Karl Truesdell ....Lt. Gen. Leonard T. Gerow

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UNITED STATES ARMY COMMAND MANAGEMENT SCHOOL. Its mission is to develop the managerial ability of installation commanders, selected senior staff officers, and selected civilians. This is accomplished through a combination of technical orientations on the current systems of installation management and the broader form of executive development that revolves about the development of the individual through an awareness of himself and his impact upon others. In the latter phase, specific attention is given to the functions of the executive in any management situation-decision making, communication, motivation and coordination, both inside and outside the organization.

The School is located at Fort Belvoir, Virginia. It was established on 26 July 1954.

The curriculum includes general management, program management, manpower management, financial management, the Army Command Management System, and special subjects. Educational techniques include discussions, seminars, and conferences. Over 75% of the course deals with cases taken from current management situations at military installations. The School's classroom, mess, and quarters are all in one building which encourages an informal exchange of ideas and opinions that is an extremely important element of the program.

The course lasts three weeks, and is given 11 times a year, with 50 students to a course. Students include lieutenantcolonels, colonels, and general officers of the Army; a few officers of equivalent rank from the Navy, Air Force, Marines, and Coast Guard; and a few civilians, in the grade of GS-13 or higher, from the Army and other Department of Defense agencies.

As of January 1958 the School had conducted 33 classes and graduated 1,632 persons.

Col. Frank Kowalski, Jr., has been Commandant of the School since its inception.

.Lt. Gen. Manton S. Eddy

.Brig. Gen. Harlan N. Hartness (actg.) .Maj. Gen. Horace L. McBride Maj. Gen. Henry I. Hodes .Brig. Gen. Charles E. Beauchamp (actg.) .Maj. Gen. Garrison H. Davidson .Maj. Gen. Lionel C. McGarr

UNITED STATES ARMY ENGINEER SCHOOL. Its mission is to develop, administer, and support a progressive program of resident and nonresident education and training of officers, warrant officers, and civilians of all components of the Army establishment in the functions, tactics, and techniques of the Corps of Engineers; to assist in the development of engineer doctrine, techniques, and functions; to train selected enlisted personnel of all components of the Department of Defense in the engineering skills required by the mission of the Corps of Engineers; and to prepare, revise, and review training literature required by the Chief of Engineers.

The School is located at Fort Belvoir (Va.). It can be traced back to the founding of the U. S. Military Academy at West Point, which for many years was the nation's only engineering school. In 1866 the Essayons Club was established at Willets Point (N. Y.), devoted to the development and application of engineering principles. It evolved into the Engineering School of Application, and later into the Engineer School. From 1901 until the end of World War I it was located at Washington Barracks, D. C. (now Fort Lesley J. McNair). Thence it was moved to its present site.

The Commandant is also Commanding General of Fort Belvoir. The Assistant Commandant directly supervises the operation of the School. There are four staff divisions (Secretary's Division, Operations Division, Training Division, and Combat Developments Group), a Faculty Board, an Educational Advisor, and a Comptroller. In addition there are six academic departments, as follows

The Department of Military Art, which concentrates on the role of the engineer in combined combat operations.

The Department of Engineering, which conducts instruction in the technical aspects of modern warfare, including such fields as bridge construction, mine warfare, camouflage, roads and airfields,

quarry operations, demolitions, and soils analysis.

The Department of Mechanical and Technical Equipment, which teaches highly specialized courses in the effective utilization, repair, maintenance, application, characteristics, and operation of engineer equipment, including that peculiar to the Guided Missile Program. The Department of Topography, which teaches topographic mapping, surveying, computing, map compilation and reproduction, and drafting.

The Department of Training Publications, which prepares, reviews, and revises engineer training and technical literature, graphic training aids, personnel and equipment authorization documents, military occupation specifications, and related career field matters.

The Department of Nonresident Instruction, which is a correspondence school for the approximately 12,000 students scattered throughout the world who are enrolled in extension courses administered by the department.

There are two major types of course: the career type, in which no particular specialization is involved, and emphasis is on preparing the student for the engineer staff or command positions to which he may be assigned within the foreseeable future; and the specialist type, in which primary emphasis is on teaching the skills required to accomplish a given task within the immediate future. Courses of each type are available for both officer and enlisted personnel.

The motto of the School is "Essayons" (Let us try).

The following have served as Commandants since 1868

1868-1886

1886-1887

1887-1895

1895-1895

1895-1901

1901-1903

1903-1906

1906-1907

1907-1910

1910-1913

1913-1914

1914-1916

1916-1916

1916-1917

1917-1917

1917-1917

1917-1918

1918-1918

1918-1918

1919-1919

1919-1920

.Maj. H. L. Abbot .Maj. C. B. Comstock .Maj. W. R. King .Maj. W. T. Rossell .Maj. J. G. D. Knight .Maj. W. M. Black . Maj. E. Burr .Maj. E. E. Winslow .Maj. W. C. Langfitt Maj. W. J. Barden ..Maj. J. E. Kuhn .Maj. W. P. Wooten .Maj. G. R. Lukesh .Maj. Gen. M. M. Patrick Col. W. W. Harts .Brig. Gen. H. Jervey Col. F. V. Abbot Col. R. Park .Brig. Gen. C. W. Kutz .Col. J. J. Morrow ..Maj. Gen. C. A. F. Flagler

1920-1920 1920-1921 1921-1921 1921-1924 1924-1924

1924-1925

1925-1929

1929-1933

1933-1935

1935-1936

1936-1937 1938-1939 1939-1940 1940-1943 1943-1944 1944-1944 1944-1944 1944-1945

1945-1946

1945-1946

1946-1947

1947-1948 1948-1951 1951-1954 1954-1954 1954-1956 1956-1958 1958

.Brig. Gen. W. D. Connor
Col. M. L. Walker

.Maj. Gen. M. M. Patrick
.Col. J. A. Woodruff
..Col. Harry Burgess
Col. S. A. Cheney
.Col. E. M. Markham
.Col. E. H. Schulz
Col. G. R. Spalding
Col. L. V. Frazier
..Col. J. L. Schley
.Col. T. M. Robins
.Col. J. A. O'Connor
.Brig. Gen. R. C. Crawford

.Col. X. H. Price
.Brig. Gen. E. H. Marks
.Brig. Gen. G. R. Young
.Brig. Gen. D. F. Johns
.Maj. Gen. F. B. Wilby
.Brig. Gen. P. H. Timothy
Col. W. E. Teale

Maj. Gen. W. M. Hoge, Jr.
.Maj. Gen. D. L. Weart

.Maj. Gen. S. L. Scott
.Maj. Gen. A. W. Pence
.Maj. Gen. L. W. Prentiss

Maj. Gen. D. H. Tulley .Maj. Gen. G. E. Galloway

UNITED STATES ARMY INFANTRY SCHOOL. It prepares infantry officers and selected infantry enlisted personnel to perform those duties within battle groups that they may be called upon to perform in war. Emphasis is placed on the art of command. The school qualifies officers and enlisted men in airborne and ranger tactics and techniques; initiates action leading toward the formulation of new, and the revision of old, infantry, air-borne, and ranger doctrine and techniques; and prepares infantry, airborne, and ranger training literature. It also provides technical assistance in the preparation of pertinent training films, provides a Reserve Officer's Training Corps advisor, and renders assistance, in the form of subject schedules, instructor manuscripts, liaison visits, publicity material, and other training material, to Infantry, General Military Science, Military Schools Division, and Branch Material units of the Reserve Officers Training Corps and to the National Defense Cadet Corps; supports the National Guard State Officer Candidate Course by preparing the program of instruction, providing instructional material, and grading examinations; and supports the Army Reserve school training program by preparing programs of instruction and by providing instructional material for use in Infantry Branch courses. It supports National Guard and Army Reserve training programs by preparing catalogs and providing training material

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to be used in unit staff training programs; supports and administers the Army Precommission and the Infantry Company Officer and Advanced Extension Courses of the Army Extension Course (AEC) Program, by providing a progressive nonresident course of military instruction for personnel of all components of the Army of the United States; and provides support for other Army training activities that are directed by the Commanding General, US CONARC.

The School is located at Fort Benning (Ga.), near Columbus. The reservation comprises over 180,000 acres of varied terrain, including woods, fields, hills, and rivers, which, together with the moderate climate, provide ideal conditions for field training and tactical problems.

The School evolved through the successive consolidation of previous schools dealing with one or another aspect of infantry weapons and tactics, and through the addition of courses to cover new developments of warfare. As the "Infantry School of Arms" it was trans

The following courses are given

ferred from Fort Sill to Fort (then Camp) Benning in 1918. In 1920 it was given its present name.

The Commandant has a dual function, being also Commanding General of the U. S. Army Infantry Center. Under him are the School and the School Brigade. The latter provides troops for school demonstrations. It include one battle group each of the 29th and 14th Infantry regiments, and also artillery, armor, and other units. The School, operating directly under the Assistant Commandant, has departments as follows: Airborne-Air Mobility, Ground Mobility, Communications, Ranger, Staff, Tactical, Weapons, and Nonresident Instruction; and other instructional and administrative agencies.

After 39 years of continuous operation, the United States Army Infantry School today continues to train and develop the leadership qualities of combat commanders. It constantly prepares a better infantry for our Army, and says with confidence to infantrymen-as the infantry itself says to the Army as a whole "Follow Me."

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23 Apr 1919-31 Jul 1920 11 Sep 1920-8 Nov 1923

9 Nov 1923-8 Mar 1926 9 Mar 1926-1 May 1929 4 May 1929-31 May 1933 25 Sep 1933-30 Sep 1936

1 Oct 1936-31 Aug 1940 7 Oct 1940-3 Mar 1941 4 Mar 1941-10 Feb 1942

14 Feb 1942-18 Sep 1943

Col. Henry E. Eames

..Maj. Gen. Charles S. Farnsworth ..Maj. Gen. Walter H. Gordon .Brig. Gen. Briant H. Wells .Brig. Gen. Edgar T. Collins

.Brig. Gen. Campbell King ..Brig. Gen. George H. Estes .Brig. Gen. Asa L. Singleton .Brig. Gen. Courtney H. Hodges .Brig. Gen. Omar N. Bradley .Maj. Gen. Leven C. Allen

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