Oct 1942-Oct 1943 Oct 1943-Aug 1946 Aug 1946-Oct 1948 Oct 1948-Jun 1951 Jun 1951-Aug 1953 Aug 1953-Oct 1953 Oct 1953-Aug 1954 Aug 1954-Oct 1955 Oct 1955-Jul 1957 Jul 1957

UNITED STATES ARMY WAR COLLEGE. The mission of the Army War College, the Army's senior educational institution, is to prepare selected Army officers for duty as commanders and general staff officers at the highest Army levels, through courses of instruction not included in Army schools of a lower category.

The College was founded on 27 November 1901, at the instigation of Secretary of War Elihu Root, and was initially located at 20 Jackson Place, N.W., Washington, D. C. (afterward at 22 Jackson Place). In June 1907 it was moved to Washington Barracks, D. C. (now Fort Lesley J. McNair). In 1917 it was closed. In 1919 it was renamed "General Staff College" and classes were resumed in 1920. In 1921 the original name was restored. Classes were again suspended in 1940 and resumed at Fort Leavenworth (Kans.) in 1950. In July 1951 the college was moved to Carlisle Barracks (Pa.) where it is now located. It received its present designation in January 1957.

The course of instruction lasts 10 months, beginning in August and ending in June. It is divided into two parts: Part I, "The United States and Its National Strategy," with three courses lasting a total of 17 weeks; Part II, "Military Doctrine, Strategy, and Readiness," with six courses which consume the rest of the academic year. Part I develops, in an integrated and progressive manner, fuller understanding of national and international affairs and problems associated with formulat

Col. Beverly A. Shipp Col. Stephen W. Ackerman .Brig. Gen. George C. Stewart .Maj. Gen. Walter J. Muller .Brig. Gen. Harold R. Duffie .Brig. Gen. Frank S. Besson, Jr. .Col. E. C. R. Lasher Col. William T. Bunker .Brig. Gen. F. T. Voorhees .Col. A. W. Lyon

ing and implementing a realistic national strategy for the United States for the next decade. In the light of the facts and strategic concepts brought out in Part I, Part II deals with the development of a military program to meet our military security requirements for the next decade. Although combined and joint service aspects of the problem are stressed, Part II places greatest emphasis on the role of the Army in national defense.

Instruction is at the postgraduate level. It is based primarily upon a system of written committee solutions to broad problems, followed by oral presentations to other members of the student body. Student assignments to committees, and committee chairmanships, are rotated to secure the maximum exchange of ideas, and to develop the students' ability to participate in and contribute to a group effort. Emphasis is placed on group problem solving, individual study and research, and intellectual freedom in thought and discussion. The curriculum is supported by carefully selected guest lecturers, consultants, and panelists-recognized leaders in their fields.

The academic year culminates with the National Strategy Seminar, during which student-developed national strategies and implementing courses of action, with emphasis upon a supporting military program over the next decade, are examined and refined in collaboration with distinguished civilian and military guests. This joint effort is designed to promote a fuller under

for the annual West Point entrance examination and for successful accomplishment of the academic courses which he will receive there. The military training consists of instruction in basic military subjects, designed to teach the candidate how to adapt himself to military life. Besides indoctrinating him in fundamental military skills, this phase prepares him mentally, morally, and physically to receive the more intensive training given by the U. S. Military Academy.

The Academic Course consists of the following

Basic Course. Beginning on the first

Tuesday of the academic year and lasting for three weeks. Courses are given in basic mathematics and English grammar.

Preparatory Course. September through mid-March. Courses are given in English grammar, literature, intermediate algebra, and plane geometry.

Advance Course. Beginning after the annual West Point entrance examination and extending through the end of the academic year. Courses are given in literature, theme writing, solid geometry, plane trigonometry, and the use of the slide rule.

Jul 1947-May 1948 May 1948-Aug 1949 Aug 1949-Jul 1952 Jul 1952-Apr 1953 Apr 1953-Jul 1954 Jul 1954-Jul 1955 Jul 1955-Jul 1956 Jul 1956-Oct 1956 Oct 1956

UNITED STATES WOMEN'S ARMY CORPS SCHOOL. Its mission is to instruct and train officers of the Corps and officer candidates in the approved doctrine, administrative methods, and operative procedures of the Army, so that they are qualified to command and administer WAC personnel and to assume staff and administrative duties appropriate to their grade and branch; to provide orientation and indoctrination training for college juniors who have enlisted in the Army Reserve as potential applicants for appointment as officers upon graduation from college; to train WAC enlisted personnel as clerk-typists and stenographers, for office duties to which enlisted women are normally assigned at all levels of command; to provide refresher and special training as directed; to develop and revise doctrine pertaining to the utilization, training, and administration of Women's Army Corps personnel; and to prepare and revise publications on subjects as directed by competent authority.

The school is located at the WAC Training Center at Fort Lee (Va.). It was authorized on 25 September 1952.

The following courses are given: The officer basic course (20 weeks). It trains directly commissioned Women's

Col. Frank G. Davis

.Lt. Col. Wiley B. Wisdom, Jr.
.Col. John O. Taylor
..Col. Frank G. Davis
.Lt. Col. Wesley J. Curtis
..Maj. John W. Moses
.Maj. Mark M. Boatner III
Capt. Richard B. Hale
. Capt. Thomas A. Callagy

Army Corps officers, and former warrant officers and enlisted women who have been appointed as Reserve commissioned officers, to perform capably, at company and battalion level, the duties and responsibilities of their grade and branch.

The officer advanced course (22 weeks). It provides training to officers SO that they will be thoroughly grounded in the duties and responsibilities appropriate to field grade Women's Army Corps officers.

The officer candidate course (20 weeks). It trains enlisted women or warrant officers to be second lieutenants, Women's Army Corps, USAR, and to perform capably at company and battalion level the duties of their grade and branch.

The college junior course (4 weeks). It gives college juniors who have enlisted in the Army Reserve an introduction to military life and preliminary training as potential officers in the Women's Army Corps, and prepares them for further training in the WAC Officer Basic Course.

The clerical procedures and typing course (4-8 weeks). It trains WAC enlisted personnel for office duties to which enlisted women are normally assigned at all levels of command.

25 Sep 1952-25 Dec 1952 26 Dec 1952-17 Jun 1955 18 Jun 1955-10 Oct 1956 11 Oct 1956

WALTER REED ARMY INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH. Its mission is to carry out research projects of value to the Army as authorized by proper authority; to give advanced instruction to officers in professional and technical subjects related to the medical, dental, and veterinary services; to perform diagnostic laboratory procedures requiring skills or equipment not available in hospital or army area laboratories and to furnish expert consultants in laboratory diagnosis; to distribute standardized diagnostic biological reagents to the Armed Forces; to serve as central reference laboratory for the Armed Forces on matters pertaining to vaccines; and to produce such biological supplies and immunizing agents as the Secretary of Defense directs.

Under the name of "Army Medical School," the institution was founded in 1893 by Surg. Gen. George M. Sternberg for indoctrinating newly appointed medical officers in military medical practice. At first it was housed in the buildings of the Army Medical Museum in Washington, D. C. In 1923, after two intermediate moves, it was transferred to its present building at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D. C. Here it merged with the Army Dental School and the Army Veterinary School to form the Medical Department Professional Service Schools. It received its present title on 1 November 1955. The staff has included such outstanding investigators as Walter Reed, Henry James Nichols, Charles Francis Craig, Joseph F. Siler, Carl R. Darnell, and George R. Callender, to name but a few.

In 1941 the need for medical officers trained in the elements of tropical medicine prompted a 4-week course for officers of the Organized Reserve, National Guard, Army of the United States, and Regular Army. This was given three times and then expanded into an 8 weeks' course which ran continuously until September 1945. In 1946

.Lt. Col. Elizabeth C. Smith .Lt. Col. Eleanore C. Sullivan .Lt. Col. F. Marie Clark .Lt. Col. Frances M. Lathrope

an 8 weeks' course in tropical and preventive medicine was given to a group of recently commissioned doctors who had been trained under the Army Specialized Training Program. Three 5-day courses in the medical aspects of atomic explosions were given in 1947 to mixed groups of Army, Navy, and civilian personnel. The present 5-day course in the management of mass casualties is a continuation and further development of this beginning.

In 1948 a new type of advanced instruction in the relationship between medicine and the basic sciences was initiated, in a 4-month course aimed at aiding medical officers of the Regular Army to qualify as specialists with the various American Specialty Boards. Courses for enlisted technicians (pharmacy, laboratory, medical, surgical, Xray, dental, and veterinary) were given, until they were transferred to the Army Medical Service School at Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston (Tex.).

Since the end of World War II both the training and the research programs have been expanded. In addition to formal long courses in military medicine and allied sciences and in dentistry, almost 40 short courses are conducted for active duty medical and line officers in the three Armed Services and the Veterans Administration. Post-resident trainees, fellows, candidates completing Ph.D. requirements, and officers from friendly foreign nations receive training. Service functions for Army, Navy, Air Force, and Veterans Administration facilities are conducted by various departments. Research activities are carried on in the following professional divisions: Communicable Diseases, Dentistry, Immunology, Medicine, Neuropsychiatry, Physiology and Pharmacology, Preventive Medicine, Surgery, and Veterinary Medicine. During the Korean War field teams investigated medical problems in the combat zone

The wars of the atomic era will be fought by armies consisting of mobile and widely dispersed units, operating extremely complex mechanisms. In such a war the individual soldier in even the lowest grades needs to have far quicker and more responsive mental processes, and greater mental stature and flexibility, than ever before. At each successive level of command, this need for a high "performance potential" increases. It is not enough to be able to practice one specific skill and to know how to protect one's self. The successful military leader needs the sort of mental training that is given by accredited civilian schools and colleges.

Many persons have not had such training before joining the Army. In an attempt to give it to them, the Army supplements its technical training and education with a General Education Program. It is monitored by The Adjutant General, and its courses are, in general, conducted in after-duty hours. The importance which is attached to this program is attested by the fact that it is listed as one of the Army's nine official military personnel objectives. GOALS OF THE PROGRAM. There are four goals

For commissioned officers, completion of college-level studies in subjects of importance to the military profession.

For warrant officers, the equivalent of at least two years of college. For noncommissioned officers and

specialists, any needed preparatory instruction; completion of high school studies; and further studies as desired. In addition, courses are offered of value in preparing the student for the later specialized Army schooling in his MOS (military occupational specialty). For other Army personnel, appropriate academic studies to the extent that their duties permit.

AGENCIES INVOLVED. The program is carried out by three principal means: (1) classroom instruction in Army Education Centers; (2) correspondence and self-teaching courses provided by or through the United States Armed Forces Institute ("USAFI"); (3) classroom instruction given by civilian high schools, colleges, and universities on or near Army installations.

ARMY EDUCATION

CENTERS.

These are the key agencies in the General Education Program. They are established as needed. An Army installation with a troop strength of 750 or over must maintain at least one; in addition, each battalion or unit of equivalent size is entitled to at least two classrooms in its immediate area. The centers have the personnel and equipment needed for study, instruction, counselling, and testing. Qualified fulltime civilian educators assist commanding officers in carrying out the program. Their primary duties are advising and counselling the individual students; they are also responsible for good