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victory is assured until the man on the ground takes possession by his physical presence on the enemy's soil."

General Omar N. Bradley-"The Nation today needs men who think in terms of service to their country and not in terms of their country's debt to them."

General J. Lawton Collins-"The most precious commodity with which the Army deals is the individual soldier who is the heart and soul of our combat forces."

Admiral George Dewey-"You may fire when ready, Gridley."2

General Dwight D. Eisenhower"Nothing is easy in war. Mistakes are always paid for in casualties and troops are quick to sense any blunder made by their commanders."

General Richard Ewell-"The path to glory cannot be followed with too much baggage."

Admiral David Farragut-"Damn the torpedoes! Captain Drayton, go ahead! Jouett, full speed!"

General Nathan Bedford Forrest "Get there first with the most men."'3

General U. S. Grant-"No terms except an unconditional and immediate surrender." Captain Nathan Hale "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country."

Admiral William F. Halsey,

hard, hit fast, hit often."

Jr.,-"Hit

General Joseph Hooker-"No one will consider the day as ended, until the duties it brings have been discharged."

General Thomas J. (Stonewall) Jackson-"Never take counsel of your fears

"

John Paul Jones-"I have not yet begun to fight."

Commander James Lawrence-"Tell the men to fire faster and not to give up the ship; fight her till she sinks."

General Robert E. Lee "The blow, whenever struck, must, to be successful, be sudden and heavy."

General Robert E. Lee "Duty is the sublimest word in our language. Do your duty in all things. You cannot do more. You should never wish to do less.'

Abraham Lincoln-"Let us have faith that right makes might, and in that faith let us to the end dare to do our duty as we understand it."

Abraham Lincoln-"Beware of rashness, but with energy and sleepless vigilance go forward and give us victories."

General Douglas MacArthur-"I shall return."s

General Douglas MacArthur-"No one desires peace as much as the soldier, for he must pay the greatest penalty in war."

General George C. Marshall-"You can have all of the material in the world, but without morale it is largely ineffective."

Thomas Paine-"These are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered."

General George S. Patton, Jr.-"In war, the only sure defense is offense, and the efficiency of offense depends on the warlike souls of those conducting it."

General John J. Pershing-"Lafayette, we are here."

General John J. Pershing-"A competent leader can get efficient service from poor troops, while on the contrary an incapable leader can demoralize the best of troops."

Oliver Hazard Perry-"We have met the enemy, and they are ours."

General Israel Putnam-"Men, you are all marksmen-don't one of your fire until you see the whites of their eyes."

Franklin D. Roosevelt-"We, too, born to freedom, and believing in freedom, are willing to fight to maintain freedom."

Franklin D. Roosevelt-We, and all others who believe as deeply as we do, would rather die on our feet than live on our knees."

General W. T. Sherman-"Hold the fort! I am coming."

General W. T. Sherman-"I am tired and sick of war. Its glory is all moonshine. It is only those who have neither fired a shot nor heard the shrieks and groans of the wounded who cry aloud for blood, more vengeance, more desolation. War is hell."

General Charles P. Summerall-"Men think as their leaders think."

General George Washington-"To be prepared for war is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace."

ARMY SLANG

Like other professions, the Army has always had its characteristic slang words and expressions, which change with the years. Some of them are listed below.

CONTEMPORARY SLANG. The following are in general use by today's generation. A few, such as "chicken" and "crash," have been adapted into, or borrowed from, civilian slang.

Affirmative (negative)-I agree with you (disagree).

Army brat a boy or girl of Army parentage.

AWOL-absent without leave.

Blitz-to shine shoes, or brass, or equipment, so that they have a high polish. Bolo-to fail to qualify, especially in weapons fring.

Brass or Brass hat-the commander or staff of a higher echelon.

Break-(1) to cease work for a short period of time; (2) to reduce a soldier in grade or position.

Buck-(1) to work hard to achieve a personal goal; (2) to work against.

Bug-out (Korean War) to leave for another place.

Chicken-(1) to be afraid; (2) to adhere strictly to regulations.

Clue (him)-to inform another person about some situation.

2 Opening of the Battle of Manila Bay.

Sometimes, but erroneously, rendered in dialect,

"Git thar fustest with the mostest men."

4 When asked, by the captain of the enemy ship, whether he had "struck his colors" (surrendered). On leaving the Philippines in 1942. shortly before the surrender of the American troops there. • On arriving in France in 1917 with the first contingent of the AEF.

Chopper-a helicopter; also called "whirly-bird."

Chow-food, a meal; used also as an adjective, as in "chow time," "chow wagon.'

Crash (project)—a project of extreme urgency and immediacy, usually generated by pressure from above.

Dog-face-an infantry soldier.

Dog it-to lack effort in doing a job. Dog tag-the identification tag worn about the neck of a soldier.

Dough-foot-an infantry soldier.

Flap a situation requiring very rapid action to arrive at a solution to a problem. Fruit salad-the ribbons, representing awards and decorations, worn on the uniform coat or shirt.

GI-(1) "Government issue" equipment; (2) to scrub equipment clean; (3) to conduct oneself strictly according to regulations; (4) an intestinal upset; (5) an American soldier, especially a private.

Goof off-to avoid an assigned duty.
Highball-to render the military hand

salute.

Honcho (Korean War)-to be in charge or to supervise.

G2 ("to G2 something")-to evaluate a situation; to predict resuits; from the term "A. C. of S. G2," meaning the assistant chief of staff of a command who collects information and disseminates military intelligence.

Jeep a small passenger-carrying military vehicle.

KP-kitchen police, 1.e., some task, other than cooking, connected with preparing or cleaning up after meals.

NCO-a noncommissioned officer.

No sweat ability to get results without great effort.

Old man-the commanding officer.

Over the hill (go over the hill)-to desert.

Panic button-feverish activity to find a solution to a problem ("push the panic button").

Police to tidy or to put in correct order.
Poop-information obtained from an

authoritative source.

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"See the chaplain"-a phrase used to tell a complainant that his problem is of no concern to anyone except the spiritual advisor of his unit.

Shavetail-a second lieutenant.

Ship out to leave one's place of duty as the result of formal orders.

Short-stop-to stop an action prior to its completion.

Six-by-an Army truck, usually of 21⁄2ton capacity, having six wheels all geared to the power train.

Sky pilot-an Army chaplain.

Stay loose-to remain flexible in action; to be ready for an unexpected turn of events.

Straight leg-term used by airborne troops to describe nonparachutists.

Trooper-(1) an airborne soldier; (2) a horse cavalry soldier; (3) any soldier of the combat arms; (4) sometimes a general term for a soldier whose name is not known.

Twenty-per-cent man-8 soldier who loans other soldiers money at usurious rates.

Whirly-bird-a helicopter;

"chopper."

see also

White side-walls-a haircut extremely short on the sides, making a light skin contrast with the lower sunburned portion of the face.

WORLD WAR I SLANG. The following slang terms were in general use in the Army, or at least in the AEF (American Expeditionary Forces in Europe), in World War I. Most of them are obsolete or obsolescent today.

Airnat a member or flyer of the American Air Service. gun; & term

Archie-an antiaircraft borrowed from the British.

Basket case-a soldier who has lost both arms and both legs.

Beaucoup the French word for "much" or "many," adopted by the American soldier. (Also used in World War II.)

Big Bertha-a famous German longrange railroad artillery piece; later, any large gun. (Supposedly named after Bertha Krupp, of the well-known family of German steel and munition_makers.)

Blimp-see "sausage."

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Devil dogs-the United States Marines; said to have been originated by a German soldier who had encountered them in action and called them "Teufel Hunde."

Didonk-a French soldier: from the common French exclamation, "Dis donc!" Dog robber-a soldier who takes care of an officer's personal equipment; also called a "striker."

Doughboy-an American soldier; especially, an infantry soldier.

Go west-to die; especially, to die in action or from wounds.

Goldfish-canned salmon, issued as a standard ration. (The American soldier placed it on the "hated" list, along with 'corn willie.")

Hun-a German or German soldier. IC-initial form of the words "inspected and condemned," the stamp put on Government equipment that has been worn out and is to be destroyed.

Liberty cabbage-the patriotic name of sauerkraut.

Limey-a British sailor; later broadened to include the British soldier. (Also used in World War II.)

the

Monkey meat-canned beef of French ration, shipped in from Madagascar. Its peculiar flavor caused it to be disliked. Sausage an observation balloon, used in rear of the front line to see into enemy territory; also called "blimp."

Slum-meat stew. (This term is still in use in a variety of forms, such as "slum burner" for an Army cook. Better rations are now causing the word to fade from use.) Striker-see "dog robber."

Yank-the American soldier; 8 term used by the British, but generally disliked by our men.

WEST POINT SLANG. The following are among the slang terms in current use among the cadets of the United

States Military Academy at West Point. Some of them have a more or less limited use throughout the Army.

Area bird-a cadet who is being forced to walk "punishment tours" in the "area of barracks."

Bone (1) to study; (2) to strive hard for some specific thing.

Boodle-cake, candy, etc., which is legally or (usually) illegally in a cadet's possession.

Brace (1) the correct military posture of a fourth classman, an exaggeration of the normal military posture; (2) to assume such a posture; (3) to cause another to assume it.

Civvies-civilian clothing.

Cold-completely or perfectly; e.g., "to speck it cold," meaning "to memorize it exactly."

Crawl-to rebuke or correct severely a fourth classman (by an upper class cadet) or any cadet (as by an officer instructor).

Deadbeat (1) an easy time; (2) to loaf; (3) to avoid some duty; (4) one whose practice is to avoid work or duties.

D.T.-double time, a trot of 180 steps per minute.

File (1) a person, male usually, ordinarily in the military service; (2) a grade in class standing or military rank.

Flanker-a tall person.

Gig-(1) a report for a delinquency; (2) to report a cadet for a breach of regulations. Goat-a cadet in the lower academic sections, near the bottom of the class.

Gross-blundering, dull.

Limits the physical limits of the reservation to which cadets are restricted in their movements, at West Point.

Make (1) a cadet officer or noncommissioned officer; (2) to appoint a cadet as

officer or noncommisisoned officer in the
Corps of Cadets.

Max-(1) a complete success, a maxi-
mum; (2) to do a thing perfectly.
Meat wagon-the ambulance.
Muck-muscle, brawn, physical strength.
O.C.-Officer in Charge.
O.D.-Officer of the Day.

O.G.-Officer of the Guard.

Plebe a fourth classman (freshman) at the Military Academy.

Podunk-a cadet's home town, or its

newspaper.

P-rade-a parade.

Ratrace-violent or noisy activity.

R.H.I.P.-abbreviation for "rank hath its privileges," an axiom setting forth that a person of high rank has additional privileges commensurate with his additional responsibilities. Used either seriously or sardonically.

Soirée a task requiring begrudged effort, or resulting in boredom.

Sound off-(1) to use the voice so as to be heard at a distance, to shout; (2) in the hyphenated form "sound-off," a powerful voice.

Speck (or spec)-(1) to memorize accurately, or (derisively) to do this without understanding what is being memorized; (2) a person with a good memory.

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NONPROFIT SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS

There are many organizations in the United States which perform or sponsor services for personnel of the Army, Navy, and Air Force on a non-profit basis. Their activities cover a variety of fields. Among them are veterans' organizations, cooperative insurance organizations, aid societies, associations of members or former members of one or another branch or element of the Armed Forces, and so on.

Certain of the more important are listed below in alphabetical order, with summaries of their objectives and activities. The list is restricted to agencies which are strictly nonprofit, which pertain wholly or largely to the Army, and which are national in scope. Organizations which are primarily social, which are in existence but no longer active, or which are concerned with one particular combat unit, are not listed; nor are ladies' organizations.

AMERICAN LEGION

700 North Pennsylvania Street

Indianapolis 4, Ind.

The American Legion is the world's largest veterans' organization, currently averaging almost 3,000,000 members in 58 departments and more than 17,000 posts.

The Legion was founded in Paris, France, at a caucus of 1,000 representatives from AEF units, convened on 15 March 1919. Its organization was completed at St. Louis, Mo., in May 1919; and it was chartered by Congress on 16 September 1919, this charter being amended by congressional action on 29 October 1942 to make World War II veterans eligible for membership, and on 28 December 1950 and 26 July 1955 for Korean eligibility.

The following are the purposes of the American Legion: to uphold and defend

the Constitution of the United States of America; to maintain law and order; to foster and perpetuate a 100 percent Americanism; to preserve the memories and incidents of our associations in the great wars; to inculcate a sense of individual obligation to the community, State, and Nation; to combat the autocracy of both the classes and the masses; to make right the master of might; to promote peace and good will on earth; to safeguard and transmit to posterity the principles of justice, freedom, and democracy; to consecrate and sanctify our comradeship by our devotion to mutual helpfulness.

Eligible for membership are all honorably discharged veterans, both male and female, who served actively in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard of the United States at some time during the period of 6 April 1917-11 November 1918, the period 7 December 1941-2 September 1945, or the period 25 June 1950-27 July 1953. Today approximately 70 percent of American Legion members are World War II veterans.

Including National, State, district, county, and post funds, investments, and real estate, the total assets of the American Legion are estimated at $200,000,000. They are utilized to support a comprehensive and many-sided national program, varying from the fostering of the welfare of disabled veterans to a child welfare activity that has received more than $140,000,000 since 1925.

The Legion has a national publication, The American Legion Magazine, with a circulation of nearly 3,000,000. There are also about 1,000 department, county, and post publications.

The Washington office of the Legion is at 1608 K St., N. W. The New York office is at 720 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

The present national officers areCommander-John S. Gleason, Jr., 700 No. Penn., Indianapolis 4, Ind.

Vice Commanders:

William A. Cottrell, P. O. Box 3680, Honolulu, T.H.

Ramon R. Guas, P. O. Box 1811, San

Juan 9, P.R.

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Historian-Mrs. Charles A. (Emily) Herbert, 9 Crosswicks St., Bordentown, N.J. Treasurer-Neal Grider, 700 No. Penn., Indianapolis 4, Ind.

Judge Advocate-Ralph B. Gregg, 700 No. Penn., Indianapolis 4, Ind.

Adjutant-E. A. Blackmore, 700 No. Penn., Indianapolis 4, Ind.

AMERICAN MILITARY INSTITUTE

511 Eleventh Street, N. W.

Washington 4, D. C.

The American Military Institute is a nongovernmental association incorporated as an educational, literary, and scientific society under the laws of the District of Columbia. It originated in 1933 as the American Military History Foundation, under the leadership of the late Colonel C. E. T. Lull, then Chief of the Historical Section, Army War College.

The objects of the Institute are to stimulate and advance the study of military history, especially that of the United States; to diffuse knowledge thereof by publications, displays, and otherwise; and to acquire and preserve manuscripts, publications, relics, and other material relating thereto.

The Institute publishes a quarterly magazine, Military Affairs, the only scholarly journal published in the United States devoted to military history, to current military thought, and to national security. Publication began in April 1937 under the title Journal of the American Military History Foundation. With the change of the title of the society to American Military Institute, the magazine became the Journal of the American Military Institute, subsequently shortened to its present title, Military Affairs. It is now in its twentysecond year and volume.

The Institute sponsors a joint session with the American Historical Association at the latter's annual convention. At this session, selected speakers present for discussion papers on topics related to the subject of the session. Membership meetings are held from time to time, to which guest speakers are invited.

Annual membership dues are $4.50, which includes a year's subscription to Military Affairs; life membership is $75.00, payable in installments if desired, or in a lump sum. Institutions, libraries, societies, and organizations

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may subscribe to Military Affairs for $5.00 per year.

The motto of the Institute, inscribed in Latin on its official seal, epitomizes the purposes for which it exists: Let History Arm the Mind.

Principal officers (1958) are: Col. T. N. Dupuy, GSC, USA, president; Ralph W. Donnelly, treasurer; Col. Wm. Cooper Foote, USA, Ret., secretary; and Victor Gondos, Jr., editor of Military Affairs.

Persons desiring information or membership should apply to the Secretary at the above address. Persons desiring to submit papers for publication in Military Affairs should submit the manuscripts to the editor at the same address. AMERICAN ORDNANCE ASSOCIATION

708 Mills Building Washington 6, D. C.

The American Ordnance Association is a national society of American citizens dedicated to scientific and industrial preparedness for the common defense of the United States, as one of our nation's strongest guaranties of security and peace.

The Association was founded in 1919 to foster among all American citizens an understanding of the importance of science and industry in relation to our national defense. It has become one of the foremost exponents of peace through preparedness. Its principal purpose is to keep available the highly specialized knowledge necessary for arming the nation's manpower, and to assist the Armed Forces in research, development, design, production, and maintenance of weapons-land, sea, under-water, air, and space. It carries on this work through its national and regional conferences, its publications, and its technical divisions and sections. These latter consist of scientists, engineers, and experts from American industry, who serve in a voluntary capacity to assist in the solution of technical problems relating to military armament.

The Association publishes a bimonthly journal, Ordnance; a monthly bulletin, The Common Defense; a bimonthly report, Industrial Preparedness; and Logistics, devoted to special armament studies.

The Association has 54 posts and chapters throughout the country. There are about 100 technical divisions and committees which advise the Armed Forces on problems in the field of weapons, research, and production. Membership is over 42,000.

ARMED FORCES CHEMICAL
ASSOCIATION

Suite 408, Park Lane Bldg.
2025 Eye St., N. W.

Washington 6, D. C.

This Association was organized as the Chemical Warfare Association, but was redesignated the Chemical Corps Association in May 1947 and given its present name on 21 May 1948.

In addition to perpetuating the spirit of comradeship, memories, and traditions growing out of the associations of the Chemical Corps, the Armed Forces Chemical Association draws together in a single, cohesive organization the great body of citizens allied with the chemical industry, through background, experience, and vocation or interest, dedicated to the cause of our national defense. In order to keep its membership informed of the activities and technical progress in chemical warfare, subject to the limitations of security, this association, through its Journal which is published bimonthly, provides a medium through which the wealth of technical and military experience of its associated members may be made available and integrated with national defense activities, as their services and counsel may be required.

The Association maintains national and local committees on research and development, procurement, and industrial mobilization planning. It maintains national and local committees on military education. It recently published a book entitled The Chemical Warfare Service in World War II.

The Association makes 29 awards, in colleges and universities throughout the country, to outstanding ROTC students who excel in chemistry or chemical engineering. In this manner, thought is directed to some of the military aspects of chemistry and light is thrown in a field which might otherwise be overlooked. For the past three years the As

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