Department of Defense and effectively to carry out the direction, authority, and control of the Secretary of Defense.

"(8) No provision of this Act shall be so construed as to prevent a Secretary of a military department or a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from presenting to the Congress, on his own initiative, after first so informing the Secretary of Defense, any recommendations relating to the Department of Defense that he may deem proper."

(b) Section 202 (d) of the National Security Act of 1947, as amended (5 U. S. C. 171a (d) ), is further amended to read as follows:

"(d) The Secretary of Defense shall annually submit a written report to the President and the Congress covering expenditures, work, and accomplishments of the Department of Defense, accompanied by (1) such recommendations as he shall deem appropriate, (2) separate reports from the military departments covering their expenditures, work, and accomplishments, and (3) itemized statements showing the savings of public funds and the eliminations of unnecessary duplications and overlappings that have been accomplished pursuant to the provisions of this Act."

(c) Section 2201 of title 10, United States Code, is repealed and the analysis of chapter 131 of title 10 is amended by striking out the following item: "2201. General functions of Secretary of Defense."

(d) Section 2351 of title 10, United States Code, is repealed and the analysis of chapter 139 of title 10 is amended by striking out the following item: "2351. Policy, plans, and coordination."

Clarifying the Chain of Command Over Military Operations. Sec. 4. (a) Section 3034 (d) (4) of title 10, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:

"(4) [The Chief of Staff of the Army shall] exercise supervision over such of the members and organizations of the Army as the Secretary of the Army determines. Such supervision shall be exercised in a manner consistent with the full operational command vested in unified or specified combatant commanders pursuant to section 202 (j) of

the National Security Act of 1947, as amended."

(g) Section 3032 (b) (1) of title 10, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: [The Army Staff shall]

"(1) prepare for such employment of the Army, and for such recruiting, organizing, supplying, equipping, training, serving, mobilizing, and demobilizing of the Army, as will assist in the execution of any power, duty, or function of the Secretary or the Chief of Staff;".

Clarifying the Organization and Duties of the Joint Staff. Sec. 5. (a) Section 143 of title 10, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:

"§ 143. Joint Staff

"(a) There is under the Joint Chiefs of Staff a Joint Staff consisting of not more than 400 officers selected by the Joint Chiefs of Staff with the approval of the Chairman. The Joint Staff shall be selected in approximately equal numbers from—

"(1) the Army;

"(2) the Navy and the Marine Corps; and

"(3) the Air Force.

The tenure of the members of the Joint Staff is subject to the approval of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and except in time of war, no such tenure of duty may be more than three years. Except in time of war, officers completing a tour of duty with the Joint Staff may not be reassigned to the Joint Staff for a period of not less than three years following their previous tour of duty on the Joint Staff, except that selected officers may be recalled to Joint Staff duty in less than three years with the approval of the Secretary of Defense in each case. The number of such officers recalled to Joint Staff duty in less than three years shall not exceed 30 serving on the Joint Staff at any one time.

"(b) The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in consultation with the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and with the approval of the Secretary of Defense, shall select the Director of the Joint Staff. Except in time of war, the tour of duty of the Director may not exceed three years. Upon the completion of a

tour of duty as Director of the Joint Staff, the Director, except in time of war, may not be reassigned to the Joint Staff. The Director must be an officer junior in grade to each member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

"(c) The Joint Staff shall perform such duties as the Joint Chiefs of Staff or the Chairman prescribes. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manages the Joint Staff and its Director, on behalf of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. "(d) The Joint Staff shall not operate or be organized as an overall Armed Forces General Staff and shall have no executive authority. The Joint Staff may be organized and may operate along conventional staff lines to support the Joint Chiefs of Staff in discharging their assigned responsibilities."

(b) Section 202 of the National Security Act of 1947, as amended, is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:

"(j) With the advice and assistance of the Joint Chiefs of Staff the President, through the Secretary of Defense, shall establish unified or specified combatant commands for the performance of military missions, and shall determine the force structure of such combatant commands to be composed of forces of the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, the Department of the Air Force, which shall then be assigned to such combatant commands by the departments concerned for the performance of such military missions. Such combatant commands are responsible to the President and the Secretary of Defense for such military missions as may be assigned to them by the Secretary of Defense, with the approval of the President. Forces assigned to such unified combatant commands or specified combatant commands shall be under the full operational command of the commander of the unified combatant command or the commander of the specified combatant command. All forces not so assigned remain for all purposes in their respective departments. Under the direction, authority, and control of the Secretary of Defense each military department shall be responsible for the administration of the forces assigned from its department to such combatant

commands. The responsibility for the support of forces assigned to combatant commands shall be vested in one or more of the military departments as may be directed by the Secretary of Defense. Forces assigned to such unified or specified combatant commands shall be transferred therefrom only by authority of and under procedures established by the Secretary of Defense, with the approval of the President."

Authorizing the Delegation of Duties by the Military Service Chiefs. Sec. 6. (a) Section 3035 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end thereof a new subsection (c) to read as follows:

"(c) The Vice Chief of Staff has such authority and duties with respect to the Department of the Army as the Chief of Staff, with the approval of the Secretary of the Army, may delegate to or prescribe for him. Orders issued by the Vice Chief of Staff in performing such duties have the same effect as those issued by the Chief of Staff."

Clarifying the Role of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Sec. 7. Section 141 (a) (1) of title 10, United States Code, is amended by striking out the words, "who has no vote".

Reducing the Number of Assistant Secretaries of Military Departments. [Effective 6 Feb 59] Sec. 8. (a) Section 3013 (a) of tile 10, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:

"(a) There are an Under Secretary of the Army and three Assistant Secretaries of the Army in the Department of the Army. They shall be appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate."

Establishing the Director of Defense Research and Engineering. Sec. 9. (a) Section 203 of the National Security Act of 1947, as amended, is amended by redesignating subsections "(b)" and "(c)" as subsections "(c)" and "(d)”, respectively, and by inserting a new subsection "(b)" as follows:

"(b) (1) There shall be a Director of Defense Research and Engineering who shall be appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice

and consent of the Senate, who shall take precedence in the Department of Defense after the Secretary of Defense, the Deputy Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of the Air Force. The Director performs such duties with respect to research and engineering as the Secretary of Defense may prescribe, including, but not limited to, the following: (i) to be the principal adviser to the Secretary of Defense on scientific and technical matters; (ii) to supervise all research and engineering activities in the Department of Defense; and (iii) to direct and control (including their assignment or reassignment) research and engineering activities that the Secretary of Defense deems to require centralized management. The compensation of the Director is that prescribed by law for the Secretaries of the military departments.

"(2) The Secretary of Defense or his designee, subject to the approval of the President, is authorized to engage in basic and applied research projects essential to the responsibilities of the Department of Defense in the field of basic and applied research and development which pertain to weapons systems and other military requirements. The Secretary or his designee, subject to the approval of the President, is authorized to perform assigned research and development projects: by contract with private business entities, educational or research institutions, or other agencies of the Government, through one or more of the military departments, or by utilizing employees and consultants of the Department of Defense.

"(3) There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for the purposes of paragraph (2) of this subsection."

(b) Section 7 of Public Law 85-325, dated February 12, 1958, is amended to read as follows:

"Sec. 7. The Secretary of Defense or his designee is authorized to engage in such advanced projects essential to the Defense Department's responsibilities in the field of basic and applied research and development which pertain to weapons systems and military requirements as the Secretary of Defense may

determine after consultation with the Joint Chiefs of Staff; and for a period of one year from the effective date of this Act, the Secretary of Defense or his designee is further authorized to engage in such advanced space projects as may be designated by the President.

"Nothing in this provision of law shall preclude the Secretary of Defense from assigning to the military departments the duty of engaging in research and development of weapons systems necessary to fulfill the combatant functions assigned by law to such military departments.

"The Secretary of Defense shall assign any weapons systems developed to such military department or departments for production and operational control as he may determine."

Reducing the Number of Assistant Secretaries of Defense. [Effective 6 Feb 59] Sec. 10. (a) Subsection (c) of section 203 of the National Security Act of 1947, as amended (5 U. S. C. 171c), as redesignated by section 9 (a) of this Act, is amended as follows:

(1) By striking out the word "three" and inserting the word "seven" in place thereof.

(2) By striking out the word "and" after the word "Navy,".

(3) By inserting the words ",and the Director of Defense Research and Engineering" after the words "Air Force".

(b) Section 3 of Reorganization Plan No. 6 of 1953 (67 Stat. 638) is repealed.

Authorizing the Transfer of Officers Between the Armed Forces. Sec. 11. Chapter 41 of title 10, United States Code, is amended as follows:

(1) By adding the following new item at the end of the analysis: "716. Commissioned officers: transfers between Army, Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps."

(2) By adding the following new section at the end:

"§ 716. Commissioned officers: transfers between Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps

"Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President may, within authorized strengths, transfer any commissioned officer with his consent from the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps to, and appoint him in, any other of those armed forces. The Secretary

of Defense shall establish, by regulations approved by the President, policies and procedures for such transfers and appointments. No officer transferred pursuant to this authority shall be assigned precedence or relative rank higher than that which he held on the day prior to such transfer."

National Guard Bureau. Sec. 12. Section 3015 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by redesignating subsections "(a)", "(b)", and "(c)" as subsections "(b)", "(c)" and "(d)", respectively, and by inserting a new subsection (a) to read as follows:

"(a) There is a National Guard Bureau, which is a Joint Bureau of the Department of the Army and the Department of the Air Force, headed by a chief who is the adviser to the Army Chief of Staff and the Air Force Chief of Staff on National Guard matters. The National Guard bureau is the channel of communication between the departments concerned and the several States, Territories, Puerto Rico, the Canal Zone, and the District of Columbia on all matters pertaining to the National Guard, the Army National Guard of the United States, and the Air National Guard of the United States."

OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE. The Office of the Secretary of Defense includes the followingThe Secretary of Defense.

The Deputy Secretary of Defense.
The Armed Forces Policy Council.
The Joint Secretaries.

The Director of Defense Research and Engineering.

Assistants to the Secretary of Defense.
The General Counsel.

Seven Assistant Secretaries of Defense, who have supervision of the followingComptroller

Health and Medical

International Security Affairs Manpower, Personnel and Reserve Properties and Installations Public Affairs

Supply and Logistics

The Joint Chiefs of Staff (advised and assisted by the Joint Staff and the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committees).

The Secretary, Deputy Secretary, the Director of Defense Research and Engineering, the Assistant Secretaries, the General Counsel, and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.

THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE. He is the principal assistant to the Presi

dent in all matters relating to the Department of Defense. Under the direction of the President, and subject to the provisions of the National Security Act of 1947, as amended, and Reorganization Plan 6 of 1953, and especially the Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1958 he exercises direction, authority, and control over the Department of Defense. He serves as a member of the National Security Council, the Defense Mobilization Board, and the North Atlantic Council.

THE DEPUTY SECRETARY OF DEFENSE. He is responsible for the supervision and coordination of the activities of the Department of Defense as directed by the Secretary. He acts for, and exercises the powers of, the Secretary during his absence or disability. He serves as the Defense member on the Operations Coordinating Board and represents the Secretary with such other governmental and international groups as determined by the Secretary.

THE ARMED FORCES POLICY COUNCIL. This agency advises the Secretary of Defense on matters of broad policy relating to the Armed Forces and considers and reports on such other matters as the Secretary may direct. The Council is composed of the Secretary of Defense as chairman; the Deputy Secretary of Defense; the Secretary of the Army; the Secretary of the Navy; the Secretary of the Air Force; the Director, Defense Research and Engineering; the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; the Chief of Staff, United States Army; the Chief of Naval Operations; and the Chief of Staff, United States Air Force. When Marine Corps matters are being considered, the Commandant of the Marine Corps sits as a coequal of the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In addition, such other officials of the Department of Defense and other departments and agencies of the executive branch of the Government as may be designated by the Secretary of Defense are invited to attend appropriate meetings of the Council.

THE JOINT SECRETARIES. They advise the Secretary of Defense on matters of broad policy relating to the administration and operation of the De

partment of Defense, as well as such other matters as the Secretary may direct. The group is composed of the Secretary of Defense as chairman; the Deputy Secretary of Defense; the Secretary of the Army; the Secretary of the Navy; the Secretary of the Air Force; the Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs); the Under Secretary of the Army, the Under Secretary of the Navy, and the Under Secretary of the Air Force.

THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF. They are the principal military advisers to the President, the National Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense. Subject to the authority and direction of the President and the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in addition to such other duties as the President and the Secretary may direct, (1) prepare strategic plans and provide for the strategic direction of the military forces, (2) prepare joint logistic plans and assign to the military services logistic responsibilities in accord

ance with such plans, (3) establish unified commands in strategic areas (for information on command and support channels for unified and specified commands, see figure 15), (4) review major material and personnel requirements of the military forces in accordance with strategic and logistic plans, (5) formulate policies for the joint training of the military forces, (6) formulate policies for coordinating the military education of members of the military forces, and (7) provide the United States representation on the Military Staff Committee of the United Nations in accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations. The Joint Chiefs of Staff consist of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; the Chief of Staff, United States Army; the Chief of Naval Operations; and the Chief of Staff, United States Air Force. The Commandant of the Marine Corps sits as a coequal of the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff when they are considering Marine Corps matters. The Joint