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The oversea commands of the Army may ordinarily be referred to as "major commands." Some of them are independent. Others form part of some larger unified command, made up of contingents from the other Armed Services.

UNIFIED COMMANDS. There are three to be considered: The United States European Command, established in 1952; the United States Pacific Command, established in 1947; and the United Nations Command, established in 1950 with the Korean War.

United States European Command. Chronology of events: (1) Aug 1952, Headquarters U. S. European Command established in temporary quarters at Frankfurt, Germany; (2) 21 Nov 1952, US CINCEUR authorized by JCS to exercise directive authority in the field of logistics; (3) 31 Dec 1952; CINCUSAREUR's authority over Berlin to be exercised under direction of US CINCEUR; (4) 15 Jan 1953, Joint Construction Agency established in Paris area as subordinate command of US CINCEUR; (5) May 1954, Headquarters United States European Command officially established at Camp Leger des Loges, France; (6) 24 Oct 1954, U.S. Forces at Trieste (TRUST) withdrawn, status under US CINCEUR terminated; (7) 16 Sept 1955, US CINCEUR assumed command of Military Assistance Advisory Groups in Ethiopia, Iran, Iraq, and Pakistan; (8) 25 Oct 1955, US Forces in Austria redeployed to Italy; Southern European Task Force (SETAF) established as uniservice command under US CINCEUR with headquarters at Leghorn, Italy; (9) 29 Dec 1955, establishment of MAAG Germany under

Commanders

1 Aug 1952-10 Jul 1953 11 Jul 1953-31 May 1956 1 Jun 1956-19 Nov 1956 20 Nov 1956

United States Pacific Command. Chronology of events: (1) 1 Jan 1947, U.S. Pacific Command established; (2) 1 Jul 1957, reorganized to include former U.S. Far East Command (all U.S. Forces in Pacific, Far East, and Southeast Asia now under single Commander-in-Chief); (3) 14 Jan 1958, CINICPAC relieved of additional duty as

US CINCEUR; (10) 1 Mar 1957, US CINCEUR assumed authority over program review for MAAG Spain; (11) 15 Jul 1957, establishment under US CINCEUR of Military Advisory Group to the Kingdom of Libya (MAAG Libya— Army element only).

Primary mission as of 31 March 1958: (1) to maintain the security of U. S. forces in Europe; (2) to support SACEUR; (3) to support United States policies; (4) to support CINCLANT, CINCNELM in his role as Commander of a JCS specified command, and CINCSAC; (5) to coordinate and direct joint logistic and administrative matters; (6) to prepare U.S. joint plans; (7) to provide for the discharge of U.S. military responsibilities in Berlin; (8) to assist the Defense Representative, North Atlantic and Mediterranean Area, in international security affairs and MAP; (9) to support the Mutual Security Program; (10) to coordinate with the U.S. Mission to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and European Regional Organization; (11) to provide military representation to NATO, international, and U.S. agencies; (12) to prepare plans for noncombatant evacuation in EUCOM area and to direct noncombatant evacuation in Berlin and the Federal Republic of Germany; (13)

to coordinate with the U. S. Regional Office.

List of commands as of 31 March 1958: (1) U.S. Army Europe; (2) U.S. Naval Forces in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean; (3) U.S. Air Forces in Europe; (4) Military Assistance Advisory Groups (MAAG) in NATO countries, Middle East, Libya, Ethiopia; (5) Missions in Greece and Turkey.

Gen. Matthew B. Ridgway Gen. Alfred M. Gruenther .Gen. George H. Decker .Gen. Lauris Norstad

C. in C. Pacific Fleet (both commands had been held by him since establishment of U.S. Pacific Command).

Primary Mission: to maintain the security of the Pacific and defend the United States against attack through the Pacific Ocean. To support and advance the national policies and interests of the United States and discharge

U.S. military responsibilities in the Pacific, Far East, and Southeast Asia. To prepare plans, conduct operations, and coordinate activities of the forces of the Pacific Command in consonance with directives of higher authority.

List of subcommands: (1) United States Army Pacific; (2) United States Pacific Fleet; (3) United States Pacific Air Forces; (4) United Nations Command, United States Forces Korea; (5) United States Forces Japan; (6) United States Taiwan Defense Command; (7) Commander in Chief Pacific Representative, Ryukyus; (8) Commander in Chief Pacific Representative, Philip

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pines; (9) Commander in Chief Pacific Representative, Marianas-Bonin Islands; (10) Joint United States Military Advisory Group, Philippines; (11) Joint Military Assistance Advisory Group, Korea (Provisional); (12) United States Military Assistance Advisory Group, Japan; (13) United States Military Assistance Advisory Group, Taiwan; (14) United States Military Assistance Advisory Group, Vietnam; (15) United States Military Assistance Advisory Group, Cambodia; (16) Joint United States Military Advisory Group, Thailand.

Adm. John H. Towers, USN Adm. Louis E. Denfield, USN Adm. DeWitt C. Ramsey, USN Adm. Arthur W. Radford, USN .Adm. Felix B. Stump, USN .....Admiral Harry D. Felt, USN

Note: Of very great importance to CINCPAC are two treaty agreements in the Pacific: Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) and Australia, New Zealand, United States Treaty (ANZUS). Both are mutual security arrangements. Commander in Chief Pacific is the U. S. Military Advisor to SEATO and to ANZUS.

United Nations Command. Chronology of events: (1) 24 Jul 1950, General Headquarters, United Nations Command established in Tokyo, using SCAP/FEC headquarters; (2) 10 Jul 1951, truce negotiations began at Kaesong; (3) 28 Apr 1953, peace treaty with Japan took effect, and GHQ UNC became Hq UNC (and GHQ, FEC, Hq FEC); (4) 1 Jul 1957, FEC discontinued, and US conmmands in Japan subordinated to Hq PACOM (in Hawaii).

Primary missions (as of 31 Mar 1958): (1) to be ready for a renewal of hostilities without warning; (2) to assist in equipping and training ROK forces to assume increasing responsibility for ROK defense; (3) to supervise the ad

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ministration of economic aid, working

in close harmony with State Department representatives to assist the Republic of Korea in rehabilitation.

List of subcommands (as of 31 Mar 1958), in order of arrival in Korea: (1) Republic of Korea (not a U.N. member); (2) United States; (3) Australia; United Kingdom; (5) Netherlands; (6) New Zealand; (7) Canada; (8) Frances; (9) Philippines; (10) Sweden; (11) Union of South Africa; (12) Turkey; (13) Thailand; (14) India; (15) Greece; (16) Belgium; (17) Luxembourg; (18) Denmark; (19) Colombia; (20) Ethiopia; (21) Norway; (22) Italy (not then U.N. member); (23) West Germany (not U.N. member).

Gen. of the Army Douglas MacArthur
.Gen. Matthew B. Ridgway
Gen. Mark W. Clark

. Gen. John E. Hull
Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor
Gen. Lyman L. Lemnitzer
Gen. George H. Decker

pean hostilities in 1945; United States Army, Pacific, dating back to the Spanish-American War; United States Army, Alaska, established in 1947; United

States Army, Caribbean, dating from the Canal construction period; and United States Army, Southern European Task Force, established in 1955.

United States Army, Europe (USAREUR). Chronology of events: (1) Following 8 May 1945, USAREUR, Hq Frankfurt, given responsibility for occupation of areas in Germany and Austria; (2) Jul 1951, communications zone established in France; (3) 1 Aug 1952, former EUCOM Hq redesignated U.S. Army, Europe, Hq Heidelberg; (4) Nov 1952, reactivation of Seventh U.S. Army.

Primary missions (as of 31 Mar 1958): (1) to undergo continuous training; (2)

Commanders

8 May 1945-11 Nov 1945
11 Nov 1945-26 Nov 1945
26 Nov 1945-15 Mar 1947
15 Mar 1947-15 May 1949
15 May 1949-2 Sept 1949
2 Sept 1949-12 Aug 1952
12 Aug 1952-1 Apr 1953
1 Apr 1953-29 Sept 1953
29 Sept 1953-1 Feb 1955
1 Feb 1955-1 May 1956
1 May 1956

United States Army, Pacific (USARPAC). Chronology of events: (1) 16 Aug 1898, Camp McKinley established by 1st New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment; (2) 1899, Fort Honolulu established by War Department; (3) 25 Oct 1910, War Department orders constituted a "District of Hawaii," retaining it under the Military Department of California with San Francisco headquarters; (4) 13 Mar 1911, Hq District of Hawaii moved from Schofield Barracks to Honolulu; (5) 1 Oct 1911, District of Hawaii became Department of Hawaii, detached from Department of California but included in the "Western Division"; (6) 15 Feb 1913, Department of Hawaii redesignated Hawaiian Department and created as an independent command directly under War Department; (7) 1 Sep 1943, Hawaiian Department redesignated U.S. Army Forces, Central Pacific Area; (8) 1 Aug 1944, U.S. Army Forces, Central Pacific Area redesignated U.S. Army Forces, Pacific Ocean Area and given command over South Pacific Base Command; (9) 1 Jul 1945, U.S. Army Forces, Middle Pacific (USAFMIDPAC) established as subordinate command of Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Ground Forces, Pacific (AFPAC); (10) 1 Feb

to defend the free nations of Europe.

List of subcommands (as of 31 Mar 1958): (1) Seventh U.S. Army (consisting of 3d and 4th Armored Divisions, 11th Airborne Division, 3d and 8th Infantry Divisions, 3d, 11th, and 14th Armored Cavalry regiments, an Armored group, and two Air Defense brigades); (2) Headquarters Area Command (3) Western Area Command; (4) Northern Area Command; (5) Southern Area Command; (6) Berlin Command; (7) Southern European Task Force; (8) Bremerhaven Port of Embarkation; (9) U.S. Army Communications Zone, Europe.

Gen. of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower
..Gen. George S. Patton, Jr.
.Gen. Joseph T. McNarney
.Gen. Lucius D. Clay
.Lt. Gen. Clarence R. Huebner
Gen. Thomas T. Handy
.Lt. Gen. Manton S. Eddy
.Lt. Gen. Charles L. Bolte
.. Gen. William M. Hoge
Gen. Anthony C. McAuliffe
.Gen. H. I. Hodes

1947, U.S. Army Forces, Middle Pacific redesignated Headquarters, Army Ground Forces, Pacific (HAGFPAC); (11) 15 Nov 1947, Army Ground Forces, Pacific redesignated U.S. Army, Pacific (USARPAC); (12) 1 Jul 1957, USARPAC made theater-type headquarters under CINCPAC with responsibility expanded to include command over all Army units in the Pacific and Far East.

Primary missions (as of 31 Mar 1958): (1) to plan and be prepared to conduct operations by U.S. Army Forces as directed by Commander in Chief, Pacific; (2) to plan for and assist in the collection of intelligence; (3) to provide logistical support for operations as directed by CINCPAC; (4) to provide advice and assistance to CINCPAC, regarding Military Assistance program activities; (5) to provide advice and assistance to CINCPAC on U.S. Army planning in connection with Southeast Asia Treaty Organization activities.

List of subcommands (as of 31 Mar (includes 1958); Eighth U.S. Army

the U.S. Army, Japan, and I Corps in Korea, which includes the 7th Infantry Division and the First Cavalry Division); U.S. Army, Hawaii and 25th Infantry Division.

Commanders

1909-1910

1911-1913

1913-1914

1914-1914 1914 1915

1915-1916

1916-1916

1916-1917

1917-1917

1917-1917

1918-1918

1918-1919

1919-1919

1919-1921

1921-1924

1924-1925

1925-1927

1927-1928

1928-1930

1930-1930

1930-1931

1931-1935

1935-1935

1935-1937

1937-1938

1938-1941

1941-1941

1941-1943

1943-1946

1946-1946

1946-1949

1949-1949

1949-1952

1952-1954

1954-1954

1954-1956

1956-1956

1956-1957 1957

United States Army, Alaska (USARRAL). Chronology of events: (1) 15 Nov 1947, Alaskan Department designated U.S. Army, Alaska with headquarters at Fort Richardson; (2) 1 May 1948, Big Delta Air Force Base transferred to Army; Nov 48, Army Arctic Indoctrination School established; (3) 15 Oct 1950, Army headquarters moved from Elmendorf A.F.B. to its present location, Fort Richardson; (4) Aug 1951, 196th R.C.T. arrived at Fort Richardson, 4th Inf. consolidated; (5) 7 Jul 1952, Arctic Test Branch, Army Field Forces established at Big Delta; (6) 24 Nov 1954, 71st Div. activated at Fort Richardson, 4th Inf. at Ladd, 5th Inf. at Fort Lewis, Wash.; (7) 1 Jul 1955, Big Delta named Fort Greely; (8) Jun-Sep 1955, 2nd Inf. Div. moved to Alaska, 71st Inf. Div. moved to Fort Lewis; (9) 16 Dec 1957, inactivation of 2d Inf. Div.

Primary missions (as of 31 Mar 1958:

Commanders

15 Nov 1947-31 Jan 1948 1 Feb 1948- -31 Mar 1950 1 Apr 1950-14 Apr 1952 15 Apr 1952-30 Apr 1952 1 May 1952-1 Jul 1954

Col. W. S. Schuyler
.Brig. Gen. H. M. Macomb
Brig. Gen. Frederick Funston
Brig. Gen. H. M. Macomb
.Maj. Gen. W. H. Carter
.Brig. Gen. John P. Wisser
.Brig. Gen. Robert K. Evans
.Brig. Gen. Frederick S. Strong
.Brig. Gen. C. G. Treat
.Brig. Gen. John P. Wisser
.Brig. Gen. A. P. Blockson
.Brig. Gen. J. W. Heard
Brig. Gen. J. C. Hodges, Jr.
.Brig. Gen. Charles C. Morton
Maj. Gen. C. P. Summerall

. Maj. Gen. Charles T. Menoher
Maj. Gen. Edward M. Lewis
.Maj. Gen. William R. Smith
..Maj. Gen. Fox Conner
.Maj. Gen. Edwin B. Winans
Maj. Gen. William Lassiter
..Maj. Gen. Briant H. Wells
.Maj. Gen. Halstead Dorey
.Maj. Gen. Hugh A. Drum
.Maj. Gen. Andrew Moses
.Lt. Gen. Charles D. Herron
..Lt. Gen. Walter Short
.Lt. Gen. Delos C. Emmons
Lt. Gen. Robert C. Richardson
.Maj. Gen. George F. Moore
.Lt. Gen. John E. Hull
..Maj. Gen. Floyd L. Parks
Lt. Gen. Henry S. Aurand
.Lt. Gen. John W. O'Daniel
.Maj. Gen. Clark L. Ruffner
.Lt. Gen. Bruce C. Clarke
Maj. Gen. Herbert B. Powell
.Lt. Gen. Blackshear M. Bryan
....Gen. I. D. White

(1) to participate in ground and air defense of Alaska; (2) to supervise and train Army units in Alaska; (3) to supervise ROTC, Army Reserve, and National Guard activities in the Territory; (4) to develop cold weather and mountain warfare doctrine; (5) to conduct Cold Weather and Mountain School for military personnel from Alaska and the U.S.; (6) to furnish civil defense assistance to the Territory; (7) to participate in search and rescue operations.

List of subcommands (as of 31 Mar 1958): (1) 1st Battle Group, 23d Inf.; (2) 96th AAA Battalion; (3) Aviation Company; (4) Yukon Command; (5) Fort Richardson; (6) Fort Whittier; (7) U.S. Army Supply and Maintenance Center, Alaska; (8) Headquarters Detachment, USARAL; (9) U.S. Army Advisor Group (NGUS); (10) U.S. Army Instructor Detachment (ROTC).

Col. Russell G. Barkalow Maj. Gen. Stanley L. Scott

.Maj. Gen. Julian W. Cunningham . Brig. Gen. Charles W. Pence .Maj. Gen. William M. Miley

2 July 1954-13 Aug 1954 14 Aug 1954 -12 Feb 1957 13 Feb 1957-22 Feb 1957 23 Feb 1957

United States Army, Caribbean (USARCARIB). Chronology of events: (1) 1911, first U.S. Army troops, 10th Inf., arrived as Panama Canal defense and guard force; (2) 1914, Guard Force redesignated U.S. Army Forces in the Canal Zone; (3) 1915, 29th Inf. arrived for station at the Atlantic Canal terminus; (4) 1916, 33d Inf. organized from 5th and 10th Inf.; (5) 1917, 10th Inf. assigned to war duty in France; (6) 1 Jul 1917, Panama Canal Dept. designated as a geographical command separate from Eastern Dept.; (7) Panama Canal Dept. set up Atlantic and Pacific sectors; (8) 1939, Caribbean Defense Command, organized; (9) 1944, joint command post supplanted operations centers; (10) 1947, U.S. Army, Caribbean, organized as an area command having authority over Army Forces in Puerto Rico; (11) 1949, Army

Commanders

16 Nov 1914-11 Apr 1917 12 Apr 1917-13 Aug 1917 14 Aug 1917-30 Aug 1917 31 Aug 1917-27 Feb 1918 28 Feb 1918-27 Apr 1919 28 Apr 1919-23 May 1921 24 May 1921-21 Oct 1921 22 Oct 1921-18 Sep 1924 19 Sep 1924-12 Jan 1926 13 Jan 1926-1 Oct 1927 2 Oct 1927-31 Mar 1928 1 Apr 1928-9 Aug 1930 10 Apr 1930-23 Nov 1930 24 Nov 1930-13 Nov 1933 14 Nov 1933-9 Nov 1935 10 Nov 1935-29 Jul 1936 30 Jul 1936-9 Feb 1937 10 Feb 1937-11 Apr 1937 12 Apr 1937-7 Jan 1940 8 Jan 1940-18 Sep 1941 19 Sep 1941-8 Nov 1942 9 Nov 1942-14 Oct 1945 15 Oct 1945-15 Nov 1947 19 Nov 1947-21 Nov 1948 22 Nov 1948-30 Nov 1951 1 Dec 1951-12 Nov 1954 13 Nov 1954-23 June 1956 24 Jun 1956

1931,

.Brig. Gen. Marshall S. Carter ..Maj. Gen. James F. Collins .Brig. Gen. John F. Ruggles .Maj. Gen. Gilman C. Mudgett command headquarters established at Fort Amador to relinquish Quarry Heights command post to Caribbean Command; (12) 1950, Panama Canal Zone defense agencies placed on alert status for Korean War.

Primary missions (as of 31 Mar 1958): (1) to provide protection for the Canal Zone and USARCARIB bases; (2) to train for combat operations; (3) to maintain the art of jungle warfare; (4) to provide assistance in the event of disaster; (5) to promote friendly relations with Latin-American countries.

List of subcommands (as of 31 Mar 1958): (1) 1st Battle Group, 20th Inf.; (2) 764th AAA Battalion; (3) U.S. Army Antilles and Military District of Puerto Rico; (4) U.S. Army Inter-American Geodetic Survey; (5) U.S. Army Caribbean School.

Brig. Gen. Chester R. Edwards .Brig. Gen. Edward H. Plummer ..Brig. Gen. A. Cronkhite .Col. G. F. Landers .Maj. Gen. R. M. Blatchford .Maj. Gen. C. W. Kennedy .Brig. Gen. B. B. Babbitt Maj. Gen. S. D. Sturgis Maj. Gen. William Lassiter Maj. Gen. C. H. Martin Maj. Gen. W. S. Graves ..Maj. Gen. Malin Craig .Maj. Gen. Leroy Erwin .Maj. Gen. Preston Brown .Maj. Gen. H. B. Fiske .Maj. Gen. Lytle Brown Maj. Gen. H. W. Butner .Brig. Gen. F. W. Rowell .Maj. Gen. David L. Stone .Lt. Gen. Daniel Van Voorhis .Lt. Gen. F. M. Andrews ..Lt. Gen. G. H. Brett .Lt. Gen. Willis D. Crittenberger .Maj. Gen. Edward H. Brooks a . Maj. Gen. Ray E. Porter .Maj. Gen. L. J. Whitlock .Maj. Gen. Lionel C. McGarr Maj. Gen. Thomas L. Harrold

a First commander of USARCARIB.

United States Army Southern European Task Force (SETAF). Chronology of events: (1) 25 Oct 1955, Southern European Task Force activated at Vicenza, Italy; United States Forces, Austria Support Command redesignated SETAF Support Command and assigned Southern European Task Force; (2) 21 May 1956, Headquarters

SETAF closed at Camp Darby, Leghorn, Italy and opened at Verona; (3) 1 Jun 1957, SETAF redesignated U.S. Army Southern European Task Force; (4) 15 Nov 1957, U.S. Army Garrison, Support Command, U.S. Army SETAF redesignated U.S. Army Logistical Command, U.S. Army SETAF; (5) 25 Dec 1957, U.S. Army Task Groups A,

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