Public Spending in the 20th Century: A Global PerspectiveCambridge University Press, 2000年6月5日 - 291 頁 This book discusses the changing role of government finance in the twentieth century. It documents the enormous increase in government spending throughout the 1900s across all industrialized countries. However, the authors find that the growth of the welfare state over the past thirty-five years has not brought about much additional social and economic welfare. This suggests that public spending in industrialized countries could be much smaller than today without sacrificing important policy objectives. For this to happen, governments need to refocus their role on setting the rules of the game, and the study provides a blueprint of institutional and expenditure policy reform. |
內容
THE GROWTH OF GOVERNMENT SINCE 1870 | 3 |
2 THE INTERWAR PERIOD | 9 |
3 THE PERIOD UNTIL 1980 | 10 |
4 THE 1980s AND THE 1990s | 18 |
5 THE SYMMETRY OF EXPENDITURE GROWTH | 20 |
6 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 22 |
THE COMPOSITION OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURE | 23 |
1 GOVERNMENT REAL EXPENDITURE | 24 |
3 REDUCING THE ROLE OF THE STATE | 139 |
4 THE IMPLEMENTATION OF REFORMS | 143 |
5 REFORM AND THE GLOBALIZATION OF ECONOMIES | 148 |
6 THE TIME FRAME FOR REFORM | 149 |
7 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 151 |
FISCAL RULES AND INSTITUTIONS | 152 |
2 THE BUDGETARY PROCESS | 154 |
3 FISCAL RULES | 157 |
2 SUBSIDIES AND TRANSFERS | 30 |
3 SOCIAL EXPENDITURE | 32 |
4 INTEREST ON PUBLIC DEBT | 45 |
5 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 47 |
REVENUE DEFICITS AND PUBLIC DEBT | 50 |
1 REVENUE | 51 |
2 DEFICITS | 61 |
3 PUBLIC DEBT AND IMPLICIT LIABILITIES | 64 |
4 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 69 |
GAINS FROM THE GROWTH OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURE | 71 |
HISTORICAL EVIDENCE ON GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE | 73 |
2 ECONOMIC INDICATORS | 77 |
3 SOCIAL INDICATORS | 89 |
4 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 98 |
THE SIZE OF GOVERNMENT AND ITS PERFORMANCE | 99 |
2 PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PATTERNS | 100 |
3 ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE PUBLIC DEBT AND LABOR MARKET INDICATORS | 102 |
4 SOCIAL INDICATORS | 108 |
5 ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS | 110 |
6 DISTRIBUTIONAL AND SOCIAL STABILITY INDICATORS | 112 |
7 GOVERNANCERELATED INDICATORS | 115 |
8 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 119 |
THE EXPERIENCE OF THE NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED ECONOMIES | 120 |
1 PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PATTERNS IN THE NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED ECONOMIES | 121 |
2 ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET INDICATORS | 124 |
3 SOCIAL AND DISTRIBUTIONAL INDICATORS | 127 |
4 GOVERNANCERELATED INDICATORS | 129 |
5 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 130 |
THE ROLE OF THE STATE AND GOVERNMENT REFORM | 131 |
RETHINKING THE ROLE OF THE STATE | 133 |
2 CHANGING THE POLICY REGIME | 136 |
4 NEW TRENDS IN PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT | 161 |
5 IMPLEMENTATION AGENCIES | 165 |
6 CORRUPTION AND THE RULE OF LAW | 167 |
7 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 170 |
BLUEPRINT FOR PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REDUCTION | 171 |
2 PRIVATIZING PUBLIC ENTERPRISES SERVICES AND INVESTMENT | 174 |
3 EDUCATION | 184 |
4 PENSION REFORM | 190 |
5 REFORM OF THE HEALTH SECTOR | 198 |
6 SCALING DOWN OTHER INCOME TRANSFER PROGRAMS | 202 |
7 QUASIFISCAL POLICIES | 203 |
8 ACCOUNTING FOR RESOURCE USE | 204 |
9 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 206 |
RECENT EXPERIENCES OF COUNTRIES IN REFORMING THE GOVERNMENT | 207 |
RECENT REFORM EXPERIENCE | 209 |
1 CHANGING THE POLICY REGIME IN NEW ZEALAND | 210 |
2 CHANGING THE POLICY REGIME IN CHILE | 213 |
3 FISCAL REFORM IN OECD COUNTRIES | 215 |
4 FISCAL REFORM IN NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES | 225 |
5 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 229 |
FISCAL REFORM IN THE PUBLIC DEBATE | 230 |
2 THE DEBATE ON DEFICIT AND SPENDING LIMITS | 234 |
3 EXPENDITURE POLICIES IN THE PUBLIC DEBATE | 237 |
BETWEEN GLOBALIZATION AND VESTED INTERESTS | 241 |
5 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 245 |
THE FUTURE OF PUBLIC SPENDING | 247 |
BIBLIOGRAPHY | 254 |
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常見字詞
20 percent achieved Australia Austria average balanced budget Belgium benefits big governments budgetary Canada capital Chile Compiled by Tanzi considerable contributions costs coun country groups decades declined Development economic growth economists efficient ernment example finance fiscal deficits fiscal policies fiscal reform fiscal rules France Germany government expenditure government reform important income distribution increase inflation institutions International Monetary Fund Ireland Italy Japan level of public liabilities limited medium-sized governments ment Netherlands newly industrialized countries Norway OECD OECD countries pension systems percent of GDP period policy regime policymakers political private sector public debt public enterprises public expenditure public sector public spending quasi-fiscal real expenditure real interest rates recent reduce public spending reported Schuknecht based share of GDP small governments social security Spain stability subsidies and transfers Sweden Switzerland Table Tanzi and Schuknecht tax rates tion unemployment United Kingdom World Bank Zealand