The Arab World: Society, Culture, and StateUniversity of California Press, 1993年10月14日 - 368 頁 This wide-ranging examination of Arab society and culture offers a unique opportunity to know the Arab world from an Arab point of view. Halim Barakat, an expatriate Syrian who is both scholar and novelist, emphasizes the dynamic changes and diverse patterns that have characterized the Middle East since the mid-nineteenth century. The Arab world is not one shaped by Islam, nor one simply explained by reference to the sectarian conflicts of a "mosaic" society. Instead, Barakat reveals a society that is highly complex, with many and various contending polarities. It is a society in a state of becoming and change, one whose social contradictions are at the root of the struggle to transcend dehumanizing conditions. Arguing from a perspective that is both radical and critical, Barakat is committed to the improvement of human conditions in the Arab world. |
內容
3 | |
6 | |
Conclusion | 10 |
Arab Society Basic Characteristic Features | 12 |
Some Methodological Observations | 13 |
Some Characteristic Features of Arab Society | 15 |
Basics of the Physical Setting Demography and Ecology | 27 |
Conclusion | 31 |
Religions as Mechanisms of Control Instigation and Reconciliation | 129 |
The Interrelationship between Religion and Other Social Institutions | 131 |
Religion and the State Secularism versus Theocracy | 137 |
Alienation from and in Religion | 143 |
Transformation or Conformity? | 145 |
Conclusion | 146 |
Arab Politics Its Social Context | 148 |
The Starting Point of Analysis | 150 |
Arab Identity E pluribus unum | 32 |
The Arab Sense of Belonging | 33 |
Shared Culture and Its Variations | 41 |
The Place of Arabs in History and Their Common Experiences | 43 |
Shared Economic Interests | 44 |
External Challenges and Political Unity | 45 |
Conclusion | 46 |
The Continuity of Old Cleavages Tribe Village City | 48 |
The Bedouin Way of Life | 49 |
The Peasantry and the Village | 54 |
Urbanization of Society | 61 |
Nature of the Relationships between Tribe Village and City | 65 |
Conclusion | 69 |
SOCIAL STRUCTURES AND INSTITUTIONS OUT OF ONE MANY | 71 |
Social Classes Beyond the Mosaic Model | 73 |
The Emerging Arab Economic Order | 75 |
Bases of Class Distinction and Formation | 81 |
Basic Classes in Contemporary Arab Society | 87 |
Class Consciousness and Class Struggle | 94 |
Conclusion | 95 |
The Arab Family and the Challenge of Change | 97 |
Marriage and Divorce Patterns | 107 |
The Family and Society | 116 |
Conclusion | 118 |
Religion in Society | 119 |
The Sociology of Islam | 120 |
The Social Origins of Religion | 122 |
Religion and Sect | 124 |
Official versus Folk or Popular Religion | 125 |
The Politics of the Traditional Urban Big Bourgeoisie | 153 |
Western Liberalism Nationalism Arab Socialism and Religious Fundamentalism | 161 |
The Working Classes and the Left | 172 |
The Authoritarian Nature of the Arab Systems | 175 |
The Crisis of Civil Society | 177 |
THE DYNAMICS OF ARAB CULTURE | 179 |
National Character and Value Orientations | 181 |
The Question of National Character | 182 |
Arab Value Orientations | 190 |
Conclusion | 204 |
Creative Expression Society and Literary Orientations | 206 |
Orientations in Arabic Literature | 210 |
Novels of Reconciliation | 211 |
Novels of Exposure | 216 |
Novels of Revolutionary Change | 229 |
Conclusion | 238 |
Arab Thought Problems of Renewal Modernity and Transformation | 239 |
Arab Thought in the Formative Period 18501914 | 242 |
Arab Thought and the Struggle for National Independence 19181945 | 251 |
Researching the Roots of Disaster | 256 |
Conclusion | 265 |
THE CRISIS OF CIVIL SOCIETY APPROACHING THE HORIZON OF THE TWENTYFIRST CENTURY | 267 |
Conclusion | 269 |
Visions for the Future | 277 |
Notes | 285 |
Glossary | 313 |
317 | |
327 | |
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