Korea within a definite time-limit and put the decision into practice, proposed by the Korean and Chinese Governments, the Korean and Chinese Governments are going to propose a conference with the countries concerned to carry out negotiation on the peaceful settlement of the Korean question following the withdrawal of all foreign forces from Korea.

Note Transmitted by the United Kingdom to the Communist Chinese Authorities on Behalf of the Governments Participating in the United Nations Command, July 2, 1958

1

Her Majesty's Charge d'Affaires presents his compliments to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and, on instructions from Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, has the honour to refer to the Ministry's Note of 6 May 1958, communicated to the Governments of the countries which have contributed forces for the United Nations force in Korea, who, after consultation, have requested Her Majesty's Government to reply again on their behalf.

The Governments concerned, noting that the greater part of the forces sent to Korea in accordance with resolutions of the United Nations have already been withdrawn, reiterate that they welcome the announcement by the Government of the Peoples' Republic of China that Chinese troops are also to be withdrawn from North Korea.

The Governments concerned are disappointed, however, that the Note handed to Her Majesty's Charge d'Affaires on the sixth of May does not provide the clarification asked for in the Note delivered by Her Majesty's Charge d'Affaires on the ninth of April and brushes aside the question of the principles on which elections should be held. The Governments concerned consider that these principles, which were set forth in the Note of the ninth of April, lie at the heart of the matter. It was for this reason that they sought the clarification requested in Her Majesty's Charge d'Affaires' Note under reference. They cannot agree that the further withdrawal of United Nations forces without any provision for a proper settlement of the Korean question would be calculated to lead to a reduction of tension in the Far East; indeed they believe that such action would remove one necessary

'Text from U.N. doc. A/3845, July 7, 1958.

guarantee which exists against further aggression in Korea pending a final settlement.

The Governments concerned wish to see a genuine settlement of the Korean question in accordance with United Nations resolutions and are at all times willing to further the consideration of measures designed to effect reunification on this basis. United Nations forces are in Korea at the instance of the United Nations. In accordance with the existing recommendations of the General Assembly of the United Nations, the Governments concerned are prepared to withdraw their forces from Korea when the conditions for a lasting settlement laid down by the General Assembly have been fulfilled.

A copy of this reply is being transmitted to the United Nations.

Eighth Annual Report of the Agent General of the U.N. Korean Reconstruction Agency, August 21, 19581

[Extract]

1. In the annual report submitted during the past year to the General Assembly at its twelfth session the Agent General,2 while describing the success which had attended the course of the United Nations Korean Reconstruction Agency programme in Korea through 30 June 1957, informed the Assembly that final completion of the Agency's projects and the programme as a whole was rapidly approaching. In a separate memorandum to the twelfth session he recommended that, in the further light of an anticipated general conclusion of the Agency's operational activities during the financial year 1957-1958, cessation of UNKRA as an operational organization might well be effected at 30 June 1958. The recommendation contained in the memorandum, including a proposed plan for the completion of the Agency's residual affairs and the liquidation of the UNKRA accounts was accepted and adopted by the General Assembly in resolution 1159 (XII) of 26 November 1957. Pursuant to the expressed intent of that resolution, the undivided attention of the Agency's staff was directed throughout the reporting period towards completion of the remaining projects by 30 June 1958. Their efforts, with the assistance of the officials concerned

1

1 For the complete report covering the period July 1, 1957, to June 30, 1958, see doc. A/3907, in General Assembly Official Records: Thirteenth Session, Supplement No. 16.

2 John B. Coulter.

'Not printed here.

of the Republic of Korea Government and project end-users, resulted in general success being achieved by the established date.

2. The present report, the eighth annual report to the General Assembly by the Agent General since the inception of UNKRA, marks, then, the conclusion of the Agency's operational activities. It marks as well, to all intents, the successful achievement of a major United Nations programme of economic assistance that is unique today in the records of the United Nations Organization.

3. Created on 1 December 1950 by General Assembly resolution 410(V), that programme, carried out through UNKRA, constituted a freely joined, collective effort that has furnished important and valuable help to the Republic of Korea and its people towards the restoration of their war-wrecked economy. Contributions were made to the programme by thirty-four Member and five non-member States, amounting in all to $140.8 million. Miscellaneous income added another $7.7 million, increasing the over-all amount available to $148.5 million. That sum, while far from meeting the total requirement of the Korean economy for assistance in the period following 1950, was sufficient, nevertheless, for an impressive measure of economic aid, the dimension of which included all fields of productive activity, agriculture, forestry, fisheries, industry and mining, as well as power, transport and communications, health, welfare, education and housing. 4. In the success that has been achieved by the UNKRA programme, mention must also be made of the vast amount of economic help that has been provided to the Republic of Korea through the bilateral aid programme of the United States Government. Amounting to more than $1.3 thousand million since 1953, it has constituted the principal stabilizing factor in the Korean economy. Its operations permitted a far greater concentration of Agency funds on the construction of permanent productive and social facilities than would otherwise have been possible. Of very great importance, likewise, to the Korean people and the maintenance of the economy during the fighting and prior to the start of the reconstruction programmes was the general, non-military relief aid provided through the United Nations Emergency Relief Programme. Contributions were made to that Programme by twenty-eight of the Member and two non-member States, non-governmental organizations and the specialized agencies amounting in all to $474.4 million. The cumulative value of assistance by the international voluntary agencies, totalling almost $85 million at 30 June 1958, has also been significant, oriented as it is to sectors of the economy where needs may often be the direst.

5. Throughout the course of the Agency's operations, the Korean people and their Government gave most willing and fullest co-opera

tion towards the achievement of the mutual goal of economic restoration. The financial help and technical knowledge furnished through UNKRA was met with matching energy and determination. From this emerged new and expanded industrial plants, increased mining production, newly irrigated paddy fields and new fishing boats, housing developments and vocational training centres. The impressive triumph of this collective undertaking of the United Nations, in which they were a principal participant, has been even more a triumph for the people of Korea.

6. In this final operational report, the Agent General desires again to thank the contributing States for both the financial and moral support which they provided to the Agency's programme. Their contributions stand today in the form of rebuilt factories, new classrooms, orphanages, irrigation dams and many other permanent additions to the Korean economy. Their most generous aid has been fully and deeply appreciated by the people of the Republic of Korea and will never be forgotten.

7. In conclusion, the Agent General and his staff also wish to express to all the Member States of the United Nations which gave their support to the General Assembly resolutions on the rehabilitation of Korea, their most heartfelt thanks for that support which provided continuing and most welcome encouragement towards the accomplishment of the Agency's mission in Korea.

Note From the Communist Chinese Authorities Transmitted to the Governments Participating in the United Nations Command, November 10, 1958

1

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China presents its compliments to the Office of the British Charge d'Affaires in China and requests it to communicate the following to the British Government and, through it, to the Governments of the other countries on the United Nations Command side. The Chinese Government, in its own name and entrusted by the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, replies as follows to Note No. 64 delivered to the Chinese Government on July 2, 1958 by the British Government on behalf of the Governments of the countries on the United

1 Text as transmitted by the British Embassy at Washington to the Department of State (Department's file 795.00/11-1058).

Nations Command side. The Chinese People's Volunteers have already completely withdrawn from Korea. This initiative taken by the Korean and Chinese side has broken the stalemate on the Korean question and provided a favourable condition for a peaceful settlement of the Korean question. Should the United Nations Command side take corresponding measures to withdraw their forces too from Korea, the prospects for a peaceful settlement of the Korean question would undoubtedly improve greatly.

The Korean and Chinese Governments cannot but point out with regret, however, that the United Nations Command side has up to now not only failed to take any corresponding measure but has, in continuous violation of the armistice agreement, unlawfully introduced new-type weapons into Korea and established guided missile bases in the southern part of Korea. These facts once again provide a living proof as to who wants peace and who is carrying out aggression, as to who is working for a peaceful settlement of the Korean question and who is obstructing it. One can not help asking: if the United Nations Command side believes their stand to be conformable to the interests of the Korean people, why don't they withdraw from South Korea and let the Korean people settle by themselves their own question free from all interference of outside force?

Regarding the question of elections raised in the Note of the United Nations Command side, the Korean Government already set forth clearly its views in its statement of February 5, 1958, namely, that within a definite period after the withdrawal of all foreign forces from North and South Korea, all-Korean free elections should be held and that these elections can be conducted under the supervision of a neutral nations organisation. Should the governments of the countries participating in the United Nations forces have actually the desire to see "unified" independent and democratic Korea brought about by peaceful means, it will not be difficult to attain a reasonable solution to specific questions concerning the elections through further consultation between the countries concerned, following the complete withdrawal of the forces of the United States and other countries participating in the United Nations forces from Korea.

From the two notes of the United Nations Command side, however, it is very difficult for one to believe that they have such a desire. The United Nations Command side has repeatedly insisted on the settlement of the Korean question under the unilateral terms of the United Nations. But it is known to all that, under the domination of the United States, the United Nations has been reduced to a belligerent in the Korean war and lost all competence and moral authority to deal fairly and reasonably with the Korean question. Having failed by