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Resolution of the U.N. Temporary Commission on Korea,

June 25, 1948 1

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"The United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea,

"Having observed, in accordance with the terms of the resolution of 14 November 1947 adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations, the elections which were held on 10 May 1948 in that part of Korea accessible to the Commission,

"Having previously declared that there existed in that part of Korea a reasonable degree of free atmosphere wherein the democratic rights of freedom of speech, Press and assembly were recognized and respected,

"Having taken into account the reports of its observation groups that such a free atmosphere existed during the elections,

"Having satisfied itself that the electoral procedures which it recommended had on the whole been correctly applied,

"Resolves:

"To record its opinion that the results of the ballot of 10 May 1948 are a valid expression of the free will of the electorate in those parts of Korea which were accessible to the Commission and in which the inhabitants constituted approximately two-thirds of the people of all Korea."

Note From the Soviet Union to the United States Regarding the Withdrawal of Occupation Forces From Korea, September 18, 1948 2

The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics presents his compliments to the Embassy of the United States of America and requests the following be communicated to the Government of the United States of America.

The Supreme National Assembly of Korea on September 10, 1948 addressed itself to the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and to the Government of the United States of America with a request for the simultaneous and immediate withdrawal of Soviet and American troops from Korea.

1U.N. doc. A/AC.19/84, Second Part of the Report of the U.N. Temporary Commission on Korea, Vol. I, Supplement No. 9 (A/575/Add. 3), p. 3.

2 Text from Korea, 1945 to 1948 (Department of State publication 3305, October 1948), pp. 114-115.

The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, having considered this appeal of the Supreme National Assembly of Korea, have recognized as possible meeting the wish expressed in this appeal and have given appropriate instructions to the Council of Ministers of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics concerning the evacuation of Soviet troops from northern Korea so that the evacuation would be concluded at the end of December, 1948. At the same time the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet expressed the hope that the Government of the United States of America will also agree to evacuate American troops from southern Korea within this period.

The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on September 18 informed the President of the Presidium of the Supreme National Assembly of Korea, Mr. Kim Doo Bong, of the above decision.

U.S. Statement on Withdrawal of Occupation Forces From Korea, September 20, 19481

It has been the consistent view of this government that the best interests of the Korean people would be served by the withdrawal of all occupying forces from Korea at the earliest practicable date. This same view was embodied in the United Nations General Assembly resolution of November 14, 1947, in which provision was made for such withdrawal as soon as practicable after the establishment of the Korean Government which it was the intention of that resolution to bring into being. Had the Soviet Union cooperated in carrying out the provisions of the resolution of November 14, 1947, the question of troop withdrawal from Korea would doubtless have been already resolved.

The United States Government regards the question of the withdrawal of occupying forces as but one facet of the entire question of the unity and independence of Korea. The General Assembly of the United Nations has taken cognizance of this larger question as evidenced by the resolution referred to above, and it may be expected to give further consideration to the matter at its forthcoming meeting.

1 Ibid., p. 116.

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Note From the United States to the Soviet Union Regard

ing the Withdrawal of Occupation Forces From Korea, September 28, 19481

The Embassy of the United States of America presents its compliments to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and has the honor to acknowledge receipt of the Ministry's note no. 155 of September 18, 1948, in connection with the withdrawal of occupation forces from Korea. The text of the Ministry's note was immediately communicated to the United States Government which has now instructed the Embassy to state that the United States Government has taken note of the decision of the Soviet Government to evacuate its occupation forces from Korea by the end of December, 1948.

The Embassy has been further instructed to state that the United States Government regards the question of troop withdrawal as part of the larger question of Korean unity and independence, concerning which its views will be presented at the appropriate time by the United States Delegate to the General Assembly of the United Nations.

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Resolution of the U.N. General Assembly Establishing the U.N. Commission on Korea, December 12, 1948 ? The General Assembly,

Having regard to its resolution 112 (II) of 14 November 1947 concerning the problem of the independence of Korea,

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Having considered the report of the United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea (hereinafter referred to as the "Temporary Commission”), and the report of the Interim Committee of the General Assembly regarding its consultation with the Temporary Commission,

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*Text from General Assembly Official Records: Third Session, Part I, Resolutions, pp. 25–27.

8 General Assembly Official Records: Third Session, First Part of the Report of the U.N. Temporary Commission on Korea, Vol. 1, doc. A/AC.19/30, p. 25.

* General Assembly Official Records: Third Session, Supplement No. 10, Reports of the Interim Committee (A/583), pp. 18–21.

Mindful of the fact that, due to difficulties referred to in the report of the Temporary Commission, the objectives set forth in the resolution of 14 November 1947 have not been fully accomplished, and in particular that unification of Korea has not yet been achieved,

1. Approves the conclusions of the reports of the Temporary Commission;

2. Declares that there has been established a lawful government (the Government of the Republic of Korea) having effective control and jurisdiction over that part of Korea where the Temporary Commission was able to observe and consult and in which the great majority of the people of all Korea reside; that this Government is based on elections which were a valid expression of the free will of the electorate of that part of Korea and which were observed by the Temporary Commission; and that this is the only such Government in Korea;

3. Recommends that the occupying Powers should withdraw their occupation forces from Korea as early as practicable;

4. Resolves that, as a means to the full accomplishment of the objectives set forth in the resolution of 14 November 1947, a Commission on Korea consisting of Australia, China, El Salvador, France, India, the Philippines and Syria, shall be established to continue the work of the Temporary Commission and carry out the provisions of the present resolution, having in mind the status of the Government of Korea as herein defined, and in particular to:

(a) Lend its good offices to bring about the unification of Korea and the integration of all Korean security forces in accordance with the principles laid down by the General Assembly in the resolution of 14 November 1947;

(b) Seek to facilitate the removal of barriers to economic, social and other friendly intercourse caused by the division of Korea;

(c) Be available for observation and consultation in the further development of representative government based on the freely-expressed will of the people;

(d) Observe the actual withdrawal of the occupying forces and verify the fact of withdrawal when such has occurred; and for this purpose, if it so desires, request the assistance of military experts of the two occupying Powers;

5. Decides that the Commission:

(a) Shall, within thirty days of the adoption of the present resolution, proceed to Korea, where it shall maintain its seat;

(b) Shall be regarded as having superseded the Temporary Commission established by the resolution of 14 November 1947;

(c) Is authorized to travel, consult and observe throughout Korea; (d) Shall determine its own procedures;

(e) May consult with the Interim Committee with respect to the discharge of its duties in the light of developments, and within the terms of the present resolution;

(f) Shall render a report to the next regular session of the General Assembly and to any prior special session which might be called to consider the subject-matter of the present resolution, and shall render such interim reports as it may deem appropriate to the SecretaryGeneral for distribution to Members;

6. Requests that the Secretary-General shall provide the Commission with adequate staff and facilities, including technical advisers as required; and authorizes the Secretary-General to pay the expenses and per diem of a representative and an alternate from each of the States members of the Commission;

7. Calls upon the Member States concerned, the Government of the Republic of Korea, and all Koreans to afford every assistance and facility to the Commission in the fulfilment of its responsibilities;

8. Calls upon Member States to refrain from any acts derogatory to the results achieved and to be achieved by the United Nations in bringing about the complete independence and unity of Korea;

9. Recommends that Member States and other nations, in establishing their relations with the Government of the Republic of Korea, take into consideration the facts set out in paragraph 2 of the present resolution.

White House Statement Announcing U.S. Recognition of the Republic of Korea, January 1, 1949 1

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On December 12, 1948, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution approving the conclusions of the report of the United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea and declaring in part "that there has been established a lawful government (the Government of the Republic of Korea), having effective control and jurisdiction over that part of Korea where the Temporary Commission was able to observe and consult and in which the great majority of the people of all Korea reside; that this Government is based on elections which were a valid expression of the free will of the electorate

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1 Text from Department of State Bulletin, Jan. 9, 1949, pp. 59-60.

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