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This publication contains a list of treaties and other international agreements to which the United States has become a party and which are carried on the records of the Department of State as being in force on October 31, 1956. It includes those treaties and other agreements which on that date had not expired by their terms or had not been denounced by the parties, replaced or superseded by other agreements, or otherwise definitely terminated.

The title "Treaties in Force" uses the term "treaties" in its generic sense as referring to all international agreements of the United States. In restricted usage in the United States the word "treaties" signifies international agreements made by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, two thirds of the Senators present concurring the rein (Constitution of the United States, article II, section 2). In addition to listing such "treaties", this publication lists agreements in force between the United States and foreign countries which have been made by the Executive (a) pursuant to or in accordance with existing legislation or a treaty, (b) subject to Congressional approval or implementation, or (c) under and in accordance with the President's Constitutional power.

Arrangement

The list is arranged in two parts, followed by an appendix. Part 1 includes bilateral treaties and other agreements listed by country or other political entity, with subject headings under each country or other entity. Postal agreements with territorial possessions of a country appear at the end of the appropriate country listing.

Part 2 includes multilateral treaties and other agreements, arranged by subject headings, together with a list of the states which have become parties to each agreement. In some cases status charts covering a number of closely related agreements indicate the states parties to such related agreements.

A consolidated tabulation of documents affecting international copyright relations of the United States is given in the appendix. This tabulation includes, in addition to treaties and conventions, listed under appropriate country and subject headings in the main list, proclamations issued with respect to copyright relations. Exchanges of notes which preceded or accompanied various proclamations are included in the main list only.

Status of Treaties and Other Agreements

In formulating the list contained in this publication, the Department has not undertaken to pass upon the question of the extent to which a state of war between the United States and any foreign country has affected the operation of treaty provisions. However, recognition has been given to determinations made by the Supreme Court of the United States with respect to the effect of war on treaty provisions. (See, for example, Society for the Propagation of the Gospel v. Town of New Haven, 8 Wheat. 464; Karnuth v. United States ex rel. Albro, 279 U. S. 231; Clark v. Allen, 331 U. S. 503.)

Certain agreements concerned with wartime or occupational matters which contain continuing provisions or which have not clearly been terminated in their entirety are included in the list even though operations under the agreements may have ceased. In certain cases bilateral program agreements subsidiary to a general agreement for cooperation have been excluded if the general agreement and subsidiary operations have been terminated.

Supplementary Information

Information on the current status of treaties and other international agreements is published regularly in the Department of State Bulletin, a weekly publication for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, United States Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.

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