Engineering Response to Global Climate Change: Planning a Research and Development AgendaRobert G. Watts CRC Press, 1997年7月30日 - 512 頁 This book goes beyond the analysis offered by typical works on this subject to propose real solutions to problems caused by changes in the earth's climate. From new ways to cut energy consumption and reduce carbon dioxide emissions to discussions of the possibilities of sea walls and climate-altering technologies, Engineering Response to Global Climate Change presents new conceptual tools and suggests research necessary for correcting and alleviating problems caused by global warming. Engineers are just now being asked to consider the problems of climate change and the possible technological responses. This complete reference covers the whole range of potential impacts of climate change and their engineering solutions. Of special interest is the chapter on geoengineering, which suggests how engineers may someday be able to intervene in planetary processes to reduce the effects of global warming. Edited by a regional director of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change and offering the collective expertise of a team of expert authors, each renowned in his or her field, this book offers thorough coverage of this important topic from an engineering and technology perspective. |
內容
| 1 | |
| 5 | |
| 38 | |
| 56 | |
| 67 | |
REFERENCES | 127 |
Chapter 3 | 137 |
ENERGY SUPPLY | 173 |
Chapter 5 | 261 |
REFERENCES | 288 |
REFERENCES | 335 |
REFERENCES | 374 |
REFERENCES | 423 |
Chapter 9 | 429 |
REFERENCES | 467 |
INDEX | 481 |
常見字詞
aerosols agricultural albedo annual anthropogenic areas Assessment atmos atmospheric CO2 atmospheric concentrations biomass biomass burning biosphere carbon cycle carbon dioxide CFCs Chapter Circulation Model climate models Climate Sensitivity clouds CO2 concentration CO2 emissions coastal combustion conservation cost crops decrease Earth economic ecosystems electricity energy efficiency engineering environmental estimate example feedback Figure flux forest fossil fuel future geoengineering Geophys global climate change global warming greenhouse effect greenhouse gases growth heat hydrogen ice core impact improved increase industrial IPCC Khalil land Manabe methane National natural gas Northern Hemisphere ocean options oxides ozone plant potential ppmv predicted problem processes production radiative forcing reduce regions relative require response result scale scenarios sea level rise sensitivity shoreline simulated soil solar radiation sources storage strategies stratospheric studies technologies terrestrial tion transportation trends tropospheric U.S. Department uncertainties variability water resources water vapor
熱門章節
第 4 頁 - Scenario B the energy supply mix shifts towards lower carbon fuels, notably natural gas. Large efficiency increases are achieved. Carbon monoxide controls are stringent, deforestation is reversed and the Montreal Protocol implemented with full participation. In Scenario C a shift towards renewables and nuclear energy takes place in the second half of next century. CFCs are now phased out and agricultural emissions limited. For Scenario D a shift to renewables and nuclear in the first half of the...
第 253 頁 - The generation that follows us must resolve the profound technical and social questions that are convulsing nuclear energy. The challenge is clear, even the technical paths to meet the challenge are clear. All of us old-timers wish we will be here to see how these challenges are met; but even if we shall not be here, we wish the new generation well in fashioning an acceptable Second Nuclear Era!
第 219 頁 - Moreover, the very act of filling one niche opens up more niches — for new parasites, for new predators and prey, for new symbiotic partners. So new opportunities are always being created by the system. And that, in turn, means that it's essentially meaningless to talk about a complex adaptive system being in equilibrium: the system can never get there. It is always unfolding, always in transition. In fact, if the system ever does reach equilibrium, it isn't just stable. It's dead. And by the same...
第 375 頁 - Dahlman, RC 1987. Response of vegetation to rising carbon dioxide: photosynthesis, biomass, and seed yield of soybean.
第 139 頁 - In indttstrtalised countries, the energy intensity ratio (ratio of energy consumption to gross domestic product) rose, then fell. Because of improvements in materials science and energy efficiency, the maxima reached by countries during industrialisation have progressively decreased with time. Developing nations can avoid repeating the history of the industrialised world by using greater energy efficiency. It is unrealistic, however, to expect developing countries to reach an energy-efficient development...
第 449 頁 - Repeated reflection and inquiry have led me to the somewhat novel opinion, that value depends entirely upon utility. Prevailing opinions make labour rather than utility the origin of value; and there are even those who distinctly assert that labour is the cause of value. I show, on the contrary...
第 4 頁 - The economic growth levels were assumed to decrease thereafter. In order to reach the required targets, levels of technological development and environmental controls were varied. In the Business-as-Usual scenario (Scenario A) the energy supply is coal intensive and on the demand side only modest efficiency increases are achieved. Carbon monoxide controls are modest, deforestation continues until the tropical forests are depleted and agricultural emissions of methane and nitrous oxide are uncontrolled....
第 148 頁 - A Preliminary Analysis of US CO2 Emissions Reduction Potential from Energy Conservation and the Substitution of Natural Gas for Coal in the Period to 2010," US Department of Energy, Washington, DC, February 1989.
第 101 頁 - Measurements also indicate that the unique meteorology during the winter and spring over Antarctica sets up special conditions producing a relatively isolated air mass (the polar vortex). Polar stratospheric clouds form if the temperatures are cold enough in the lower stratosphere, a situation which often occurs within the vortex over Antarctica. Heterogeneous reactions can occur between atmospheric gases and the particles composing these clouds. Measurements indicate that reactions of hydrochloric...
第 374 頁 - Adams. RM. C. Rosenzweig, RM Peart. JT Ritchie. BA McCarl. JD Glyer, RB Curry, JW Jones, KJ Boote, LH Allen.