Historical Linguistics and Language ChangeCambridge University Press, 3. apr. 1997 - 423 sider Language change happens in the spatio-temporal world. Historical linguistics is the craft linguists exercise upon its results, in order to tell coherent stories about it. In a series of linked essays Roger Lass here offers a critical survey of the foundations of the art of historical linguistics, and its interaction with its subject matter, language change, taking as his background some of the major philosophical issues which arise from these considerations. The paradoxical conclusion is that our historiographical methods are often better than the data they have to work with. |
Innhold
time travel and signal processing | 1 |
The past the present and the historian | 4 |
historical understanding and the problem of synchrony | 9 |
witnesses and interpretation | 16 |
reconstruction | 21 |
the role of uniformity constraints | 24 |
16 Metaphor and access | 32 |
17 Metaphor and metalanguage | 41 |
42 Homoplasy vs plesiomorphy | 173 |
43 Contact | 184 |
44 Endogeny vs contact as a methodological issue | 207 |
contact with lost languages | 209 |
The nature of reconstruction | 215 |
52 Projection vs mapping | 216 |
53 Internal reconstruction | 232 |
54 Chronology and sequence | 241 |
18 Summary | 42 |
Written records evidence and argument | 44 |
22 Hearing the inaudible | 45 |
23 What do texts represent? Variation and état de langue | 61 |
rhyme and metre | 68 |
25 Metalinguistic evidence | 78 |
26 What is a word anyhow? Or a sentence or text? | 93 |
interpreting vs disappearing | 96 |
Relatedness ancestry and comparison | 104 |
how are families possible? | 109 |
33 Replication and shared errors | 111 |
34 Cladistic concepts in language filiation | 113 |
35 Homoplasy | 118 |
36 Sound laws cognateness and families | 123 |
37 Problems and pseudoproblems | 139 |
the hypertaxon problem | 159 |
39 Nonphonological evidence for relationship | 169 |
Convergence and contact | 172 |
55 Morphosyntactic reconstruction | 246 |
realism in reconstruction | 270 |
Time and change the shapes of history | 277 |
when is a change? | 281 |
63 Linguistic time | 290 |
64 The emergence of novelty | 305 |
Explanation and ontology | 325 |
72 In which the author revisits an earlier self and is not entirely satisfied by what he sees but not entirely repentant | 332 |
73 Hermeneutic explication | 336 |
hermeneutics and the individualist error | 352 |
structure pragmatics and invisible hands | 366 |
76 A modest ontological proposal | 370 |
77 Envoi | 384 |
391 | |
416 | |
420 | |
Vanlige uttrykk og setninger
Afrikaans allophonic Anttila apomorphy apparently argument attested attractors borrowing century character cladistic claim cognate common complex convergence correspondences course defined derived dialects diphthongization discussion distinct etymologies evidence example exaptation explanation fact filiation Finnish forms fricatives function G Yi genetic given glosses Grimm's Law guage happens hermeneutic High German historical linguistics homoplasy ical Indo-European innovation instance interpretation isoglosses kind language Lass later Latin least lexical locative metaphor Middle English modern morphological MSPV nasal Neogrammarian nouns objects occur Old English original orthographies palatalization particular phonetic phonological plesiomorphy plural possible principle problem Proto-Germanic protolanguage reconstruction reflexes represent segment semantic sense sequence similar simply South African English speakers spelling structure suggests syllable synchronic syntax texts theory things tion tradition uniformitarian variation velars verb Verner's Verner's Law voiceless vowel West Germanic WGmc words Yiddish