Agents, Structures and International Relations: Politics as OntologyCambridge University Press, 2006年10月12日 The agent-structure problem is a much discussed issue in the field of international relations. In his comprehensive 2006 analysis of this problem, Colin Wight deconstructs the accounts of structure and agency embedded within differing IR theories and, on the basis of this analysis, explores the implications of ontology - the metaphysical study of existence and reality. Wight argues that there are many gaps in IR theory that can only be understood by focusing on the ontological differences that construct the theoretical landscape. By integrating the treatment of the agent-structure problem in IR theory with that in social theory, Wight makes a positive contribution to the problem as an issue of concern to the wider human sciences. At the most fundamental level politics is concerned with competing visions of how the world is and how it should be, thus politics is ontology. |
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第 1 到 5 筆結果,共 52 筆
第 20 頁
... belief in regularities and (4) a commitment to an empiricist epistemology.31 Yet Smith's own attempt to spell out these four essential characteristics of positivism begs the question of how many of the chosen principles a given theorist ...
... belief in regularities and (4) a commitment to an empiricist epistemology.31 Yet Smith's own attempt to spell out these four essential characteristics of positivism begs the question of how many of the chosen principles a given theorist ...
第 21 頁
... belief that there is an essential unity of scientific method such that the social sciences can be studied in the same manner as natural science.33 From these philosophical assumptions , most positivists adhere to the following beliefs ...
... belief that there is an essential unity of scientific method such that the social sciences can be studied in the same manner as natural science.33 From these philosophical assumptions , most positivists adhere to the following beliefs ...
第 22 頁
... belief that we cannot get beyond the way things appear to us, and thereby obtain reliable knowledge of reality, necessitates some version of the Humean account of cause. Hume was radically sceptical about the persistence and existence ...
... belief that we cannot get beyond the way things appear to us, and thereby obtain reliable knowledge of reality, necessitates some version of the Humean account of cause. Hume was radically sceptical about the persistence and existence ...
第 26 頁
... beliefs are socially produced); and judgemental rationalism (that despite epistemological relativism, it is still possible, in principle, to choose between competing theories). Ontological realism Every theory of knowledge must ...
... beliefs are socially produced); and judgemental rationalism (that despite epistemological relativism, it is still possible, in principle, to choose between competing theories). Ontological realism Every theory of knowledge must ...
第 28 頁
... belief that the possibility of being experienced or the possibility of being conceptualised, and/or talked about, is an essential feature of reality itself. This assumption is unwar- ranted. There is no reason to assume that all of ...
... belief that the possibility of being experienced or the possibility of being conceptualised, and/or talked about, is an essential feature of reality itself. This assumption is unwar- ranted. There is no reason to assume that all of ...
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accept account of structure activity actors agency agent-structure problem agents and structures Alexander Wendt analysis and/or argues argument Ashley attempt behaviour beliefs Bhaskar Carlsnaes causal causal power claim commitment complex concepts conceptualisation constitute context debate Dessler differing distinction Durkheim effect elements embedded emergent empirical empiricism entities epistemological example exist explain Giddens Hence Hollis and Smith human ical ideas important individualist individuals interactions international relations issue knowledge logical material means mechanisms methodological methodological individualism methodological individualist nature neorealism notion object ontological Onuf organisations particular phenomena philosophical political position positivism positivist poststructuralism poststructuralist properties question realist reality reductionism refers reject relationship role rules and resources scientific realism scientists sense simply social action social facts social ontology social relations social sciences social scientific social structures social theory social world society specific struc structural theory structuralist structure as rules suggest theoretical tion understanding Waltz Weber Wendt whilst
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第 65 頁 - When reference is made in a sociological context to a 'state,' a 'nation,' a 'corporation,' a 'family,' or an 'army corps,' or to similar collectivities, what is meant is, on the contrary, only a certain kind of development of actual or possible social actions of individual persons.
第 133 頁 - Everything that has been said up to this point boils down to this: in language there are only differences. Even more important: a difference generally implies positive terms between which the difference is set up; but in language there are only differences without positive terms.
第 98 頁 - Whenever certain elements combine and thereby produce, by the fact of their combination, new phenomena, it is plain that these new phenomena reside not in the original elements but in the totality formed by their union.
第 134 頁 - The function of this center was not only to orient, balance, and organize the structure - one cannot in fact conceive of an unorganized structure - but above all to make sure that the organizing principle of the structure would limit what we might call the play of the structure.
第 69 頁 - According to the notion of the duality of structure, the structural properties of social systems are both medium and outcome of the practices they recursively organize.
第 66 頁 - Consequently, every time that a social phenomenon is directly explained by a psychological phenomenon, we may be sure that the explanation is false.
第 134 頁 - Nevertheless, up to the event which I wish to mark out and define, structure - or rather the structurality of structure - although it has always been at work, has always been neutralized or reduced, and this by a process of giving it a center or of referring it to a point of presence, a fixed origin.
第 53 頁 - ... conceptions of what they are doing in their activity ; (3) social structures, unlike natural structures, may be only relatively enduring (so that the tendencies they ground may not be universal in the sense of space-time...
第 238 頁 - For there is a massive central core of human thinking which has no history — or none recorded in histories of thought; there are categories and concepts which, in their most fundamental character, change not at all.