place called Nauri, on the eastern side of the Nile; the largest of these is said to contain within it another pyramid of a different stone and style of architecture.

John Greaves, an English antiquary, who was Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, in the year 1638 visited Egypt, for the purpose of surveying the pyramids, of which structures there was then no satisfactory account extant. He says, "concerning the pyramids, I shall put down that which is confessed by the Arabian writers to be the most probable relation, as is reported by Ibn Abd Alhokm, whose words out of the Arabic are these: The greatest part of chronologers agree, that he which built the pyramids was Saurid Ibn Salhouk, king of Egypt, who lived three hundred years before the Flood. The occasion of this was, because he saw, in his sleep, that the whole earth was turned over with the inhabitants of it, the men lying upon their faces, and the stars falling down and striking one another, with a terrible noise; and being troubled he concealed it. After this he saw the fixed stars falling to the earth, in the similitude of white fowl, and they snatched up men, carrying them between two great mountains; and these mountains closed upon them, and the shining stars were made dark. Awaking with great fear, he assembles the chief priests of all the provinces of Egypt, an hundred and thirty priests; the chief of them was called Aclimum. Relating the whole matter to them, they took the altitude of the stars, and, making their prognostication, foretold of a deluge. The king said, 'Will it come to our country? They answered, 'Yea, and will destroy it.' And there remained a certain number of years for to come, and he commanded in the mean space to build the pyramids,

and a vault to be made, into which the river Nilus entering, should run into the countries of the west, and into the land Al-Said. And he filled them with amulets and with strange things, and with riches and treasures, and the like. He engraved in them all things that were told him by wise men, as also all profound sciences, the names of magic spells, the uses and hurts of them; the science of astrology and arithmetic, and of geometry and of physic. All this may be interpreted by him that knows their characters and language. After he had given order for this building, they cut out vast columns and wonderful stones. They fetched massy stones from the Æthiopians, and made with these the foundation of three pyramids, fastening them together with lead and iron. They built the gates of them forty cubits under ground, and they made the height of the pyramids one hundred royal cubits, which are fifty of ours in these times; he also made each side of them an hundred royal cubits. The beginning of this building was in a fortunate horoscope. After that he had finished it, he covered it with coloured satin from the top to the bottom; and he appointed a solemn festival, at which were present all the inhabitants of his kingdom. Then he built in the western pyramid thirty treasures, filled with stores of riches, and utensils, and with signatures made of precious stones, and with instruments of iron, and vessels of earth, and with arms that rust not, and with glass which might be bended and yet not broken, and with several kinds of alikakirs, single and double, and with deadly poisons, and with other things besides. He made also in the east pyramid divers celestial spheres and stars, and what they severally operate in

their aspects, and the perfumes which are to be used to them, and the books which treat of these matters. He also put in the coloured pyramid the commentaries of the priests in the chests of black marble, and with every priest a book, in which were the wonders of his profession, and of his actions, and of his nature, and what was done in his time, and what is and what shall be, from the beginning of time to the end of it. He placed in every pyramid a treasure. The treasurer of the westerly pyramid was a statue of marble stone, standing upright with a lance, and upon his head a serpent wreathed. He that came near it, and stood still, the serpent bit him of one side, and wreathing round about his throat and killing him, returned to his place. He made the treasurer of the east pyramid, an idol of black agate, his eyes open and shining, sitting upon a throne with a lance. When any looked upon him, he heard of one side of him a voice, which took away his sense, so that he fell prostrate upon his face, and ceased not till he died. He made the treasurer of the coloured pyramid a statue of stone, called Albut, sitting: he which looked towards it was drawn by the statue, till he stuck to it, and could not be separated from it, till such time as he died. The Coptites write in their books, that there is an inscription engraven upon them, the exposition of which, in Arabic, is this: 'I, King Saurid, built the pyramids in such and such a time, and finished them in six years: he that comes after me, and says that he is equal to me, let him destroy them in six hundred years; and yet it is known that it is easier to pluck down than to build up: I also covered them, when I had finished them, with satin; and let him cover them with mats.' After that Al

mamon the Calif entered Egypt, and saw the pyramids, he desired to know what was within, and therefore would have them opened. They told him it could not possibly be done. He replied, 'I will have it certainly done.' And that hole was opened for him, which stands open to this day, with fire and vinegar. Two smiths prepared and sharpened the iron and engines, which they forced in, and there was a great expense in the opening of it. The thickness of the walls was found to be twenty cubits; and when they came to the end of the wall, behind the place they had digged, there was an ewer of green emerald; in it were a thousand dinars, very weighty, every dinar was an ounce of our ounces; they wondered at it, but knew not the meaning of it. Then Almamon said, 'Cast up the account how much hath been spent in making the entrance.' They cast up, and lo! it was the same sum which they found; it neither exceeded nor was defective. Within they found a square well; in the square of it there were doors; every door opened into a house (or vault), in which there were dead bodies wrapped up in linen. They found towards the top of the pyramid a chamber, in which there was a hollow stone: in it was a statue of stone like a man, and within it a man, upon whom was a breastplate of gold set with jewels; upon his breast was a sword of invaluable price, and at his head a carbuncle of the bigness of an egg, shining like the light of the day; and upon him were characters written with a pen: no man knows what they signify. After Almamon had opened it, men entered into it for many years, and descended by the slippery passage which is in it; and some of them came out safe, and others died.""

E

The pyramidal form of building is not peculiar to Egypt. Pyramids, not inferior to those we have described, and some even of larger dimensions in their plane and base, exist in Mexico. The great Teocalli, or pyramid of Choluta, has a base whose side is 1440 feet, very nearly double that of the pyramid of Cheops; it stands in an extensive plain, at an elevation of more than 7000 feet above the sea. This pyramid consists of four receding platforms of equal elevation, and appears to have its sides opposite the four cardinal points. The perpendicular height is, according to Humboldt, only 177 feet; and as the receding terraces are very wide, and the area of the upper platform or terrace small in comparison with the base, the outline of the whole does not present that of a continuous pyramid. On the highest platform of the pyramid there was an altar dedicated to Quetzalcoatl, the god of the air. The pyramid being now covered with vegetation, it is difficult to determine in what manner it was constructed. The early Spanish historians of Mexico state that the whole is made of brick. Humboldt found, in the lowest platform, where a broad way had been cut through it, that it was composed of alternate layers of clay and of brick, either sun-baked or only slightly burnt. In cutting this road, a square stone chamber, supported by posts of cypress, was found in the interior of the pyramid. This chamber contained two dead bodies, two basalt idols, and a great number of vessels varnished and painted. There was no apparent entrance to this chamber. The west side of the pyramid is in the best state of preservation, and when the monument is viewed from this direction, the snow