Language PolicyCambridge University Press, 2003年12月11日 Language policy is an issue of critical importance in the world today. In this introduction, Bernard Spolsky explores many debates at the forefront of language policy: ideas of correctness and bad language; bilingualism and multilingualism; language death and efforts to preserve endangered languages; language choice as a human and civil right; and language education policy. Through looking at the language practices, beliefs and management of social groups from families to supra-national organizations, he develops a theory of modern national language policy and the major forces controlling it, such as the demands for efficient communication, the pressure for national identity, the attractions of (and resistance to) English as a global language, and the growing concern for human and civil rights as they impinge on language. Two central questions asked in this wide-ranging survey are of how to recognize language policies, and whether or not language can be managed at all. |
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... language problem in the 1950s, as one could understand by looking atlanguage practices, was that aFrenchspeaking majority wasrequired tolearn English in order to communicate withthe largely monolingual Englishspeaking minority, who ...
... language problem in the 1950s, as one could understand by looking atlanguage practices, was that aFrenchspeaking majority wasrequired tolearn English in order to communicate withthe largely monolingual Englishspeaking minority, who ...
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... language of the Republicshall be French. (French Constitution amended to 1999) In 32 of these 78 cases, the absolute statement is modified by aclause protecting other minority, national or indigenous languages, as,for example: La ...
... language of the Republicshall be French. (French Constitution amended to 1999) In 32 of these 78 cases, the absolute statement is modified by aclause protecting other minority, national or indigenous languages, as,for example: La ...
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... languages, willbe respected and preserved by the state. (Indonesian Constitution 1945) In 18 cases, therearetwo official or nationallanguages named (in halfwithprotection for other minority languages), in 5 cases therearethree and ...
... languages, willbe respected and preserved by the state. (Indonesian Constitution 1945) In 18 cases, therearetwo official or nationallanguages named (in halfwithprotection for other minority languages), in 5 cases therearethree and ...
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內容
Pursuing | |
The nature of language policy and its domains | |
Two monolingual politiesIceland andFrance 6 How English spread 7 Does the US have a language policy or just civil rights? | |
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常見字詞
Académie française Africa Afrikaans andthe Arabic associated asthe Basque beliefs bilingual education Bilingual Education Act bythe Catalan central century colonial language complex Constitution continued countries cultural dialects diglossia dominant economic efforts endangered languages English Englishspeaking established ethnic European Fishman foreign languages France French language fromthe German globalization groups Hebrew Hindi human rights ideology immigrants implementation independence indigenous languages instruction inthe language management language planning language policy language practices language rights languageof Latvia linguistic minorities linguistic rights literacy major Māori Māori Language minority languages monolingual mother tongue multilingual national language Navajo nineteenth official language oflanguage ofthe onthe percent plurilingual political population proficiency programs Quechua recognition recognized regional languages religious Republic reversing language shift Russian schools social sociolinguistic Soviet Spanish speak speakers spoken Spolsky standard status teaching thatthe thelanguage thereis tobe tothe United varieties vernacular withthe writing system Yiddish