Language PolicyCambridge University Press, 2003年12月11日 Language policy is an issue of critical importance in the world today. In this introduction, Bernard Spolsky explores many debates at the forefront of language policy: ideas of correctness and bad language; bilingualism and multilingualism; language death and efforts to preserve endangered languages; language choice as a human and civil right; and language education policy. Through looking at the language practices, beliefs and management of social groups from families to supra-national organizations, he develops a theory of modern national language policy and the major forces controlling it, such as the demands for efficient communication, the pressure for national identity, the attractions of (and resistance to) English as a global language, and the growing concern for human and civil rights as they impinge on language. Two central questions asked in this wide-ranging survey are of how to recognize language policies, and whether or not language can be managed at all. |
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第 1 到 5 筆結果,共 73 筆
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... speakers wererecentlymassacred?Butmyexpertiseisin language policy – not syntaxorsemantics or AIDS or ethnic cleansing. Reminding myself of this serves,Ihope, to keepasense of proportion, arealization ofthe limitation of our ...
... speakers wererecentlymassacred?Butmyexpertiseisin language policy – not syntaxorsemantics or AIDS or ethnic cleansing. Reminding myself of this serves,Ihope, to keepasense of proportion, arealization ofthe limitation of our ...
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... speakers, on thesociety they form, andon theculture inwhich they live.” Intervention. (management,. planning). In studying language policy,we are usually trying to understandjust what nonlanguage variables covarywith the languagevariables ...
... speakers, on thesociety they form, andon theculture inwhich they live.” Intervention. (management,. planning). In studying language policy,we are usually trying to understandjust what nonlanguage variables covarywith the languagevariables ...
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... Speakers ofAmerican English wonder why Englishmen call a doctor's officea surgery, and Englishmen laugh that ... speaker makes, sometimes consciously andsometimes less consciously, that makes upthe conventional unmarked pattern of a ...
... Speakers ofAmerican English wonder why Englishmen call a doctor's officea surgery, and Englishmen laugh that ... speaker makes, sometimes consciously andsometimes less consciously, that makes upthe conventional unmarked pattern of a ...
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... speaker and his or her attitude, and provideclues to the situation and context. These choicesare governed by conventional rules, notunlikegrammatical rules, which are learned by membersof the speech communityas they grow up ...
... speaker and his or her attitude, and provideclues to the situation and context. These choicesare governed by conventional rules, notunlikegrammatical rules, which are learned by membersof the speech communityas they grow up ...
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... speakers of Hindi, but takes formal vocabulary from Arabic and Persian. Hindi, on the otherhand, borrows vocabulary from Sanskrit. Here, too, thepolitical aspectwas critical in decidinghow to categorize the varieties. If wewereto take a ...
... speakers of Hindi, but takes formal vocabulary from Arabic and Persian. Hindi, on the otherhand, borrows vocabulary from Sanskrit. Here, too, thepolitical aspectwas critical in decidinghow to categorize the varieties. If wewereto take a ...
內容
Pursuing | |
The nature of language policy and its domains | |
Two monolingual politiesIceland andFrance 6 How English spread 7 Does the US have a language policy or just civil rights? | |
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常見字詞
Académie française Africa Afrikaans andthe Arabic associated asthe Basque beliefs bilingual education Bilingual Education Act bythe Catalan central century colonial language complex Constitution continued countries cultural dialects diglossia dominant economic efforts endangered languages English Englishspeaking established ethnic European Fishman foreign languages France French language fromthe German globalization groups Hebrew Hindi human rights ideology immigrants implementation independence indigenous languages instruction inthe language management language planning language policy language practices language rights languageof Latvia linguistic minorities linguistic rights literacy major Māori Māori Language minority languages monolingual mother tongue multilingual national language Navajo nineteenth official language oflanguage ofthe onthe percent plurilingual political population proficiency programs Quechua recognition recognized regional languages religious Republic reversing language shift Russian schools social sociolinguistic Soviet Spanish speak speakers spoken Spolsky standard status teaching thatthe thelanguage thereis tobe tothe United varieties vernacular withthe writing system Yiddish